氯沙坦治疗原发性高血压合并高尿酸血症

目的探讨氯沙坦对高血压患者合并高尿酸血症的治疗作用。方法原发性高血压1、2级患者100例，血尿酸410～530p,mol／L，随机分成两组：氯沙坦组50例，口服氯沙坦50mg／d；氨氯地平组50例．口服氨氯地平5mg／d，平均治疗8周，对比治疗前后血压和血尿酸。结果氯沙坦治疗原发性高血压的临床效果与氨氯地平一样有效，降压总有效率分别为95．5％和95．2％（P〉0．05）；但治疗后氯沙坦组血尿酸水平明显下降（P〈0．01），而氨氯地平组则下降不明显（P〉0．05）；两组比较差异有统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论氯沙坦除有良好的降压作用外，尚能安全有效地降低原发性高血压患者合并的高尿酸血症。     

氨氯地平治疗妊娠合并高血压40例疗效分析

目的观察氨氯地平治疗妊娠合并高血压患者的临床疗效、安全性和对妊娠结局的影响。方法将78例妊娠合并高血压患者随机分为氨氯地平组（40例）与硝苯地平组（38例）,氨氯地平组患者口服氨氯地平5mg,1次／d,硝苯地平组患者口服硝苯地平10mg,3次／d,血压降至治疗目标后给予维持治疗到妊娠结束。结果两组患者治疗后的收缩压和舒张压均明显降低,与治疗前比较差异均有统计学意义（P均〈0．01）;氨氯地平组治疗总有效率为92．5％,硝苯地平组为94．74％,两组比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组患者不良反应均较轻微,妊娠结局比较差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论氨氯地平治疗妊娠合并高血压与硝苯地平同样安全有效,可作为妊娠合并高血压治疗的常规药物使用。     

综合干预对老年高血压伴抑郁症患者血压的影响

目的：探讨综合干预对老年高血压伴抑郁患者血压的影响。方法：70例老年高血压件抑郁症患者随机分为二组，综合干预组35例，给予降压、抗抑郁治疗及心理疏导，健康教育；常规治疗对照组35例，仅给予降压及抗抑郁治疗。分别了入院时和治疗6周对两组患者的降压效果及抑郁自我评定量表（SDS）分值进行评价。结果：综合干预组血压控制效果及SDS分值改善均显著优于常规治疗对照组（P〈0．05，〈0．01）。结论：对老年高血压伴抑郁患者进行综合干预治疗，不仅能改变患者的治疗态度，提高患者对治疗的依从性，还能明显提高血压控制率，改善SDS分值。     

抗抑郁治疗对老年高血压降压疗效的影响

目的:探讨抗抑郁治疗对老年高血压患者降压疗效的影响.方法:观察85例老年高血压合并抑郁症状的患者随机分为2组,所有患者均给予钙拮抗剂(氨氯地平5 mg/d)、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂(贝那普利10 mg/d),抗抑郁治疗组在此基础上加用帕罗西丁20 mg/d.结果:抗抑郁治疗组其降压幅度,降压有效率,汉密尔顿抑郁量减分率均优于治疗前及对照组,差异显著有统计学意义(P<0.05).结论:抗抑郁治疗可增强老年高血压合并抑郁患者的降压效果.     

高血压伴肾功能不全57例临床研究

该文探讨了高血压合并肾功能不全病人的降压效果及血压不达标的影响因素。方法：收集2003-03—2005—02住院的高血压合并肾功能不全的57例病人（男36例，女21例），年龄46～82岁，选取同期住院的不伴肾功能不全的高血压病人59例作为对照（男32例，女27例），年龄45～82岁，比较2组病人降压药应用及血压达标情况。分析高血压合并肾功能不全病人的肾功能不全形成原因及血压不达标的影响因素。结果：（1）肾功能不全的病因构成比：高血压肾病占59．6％，糖尿病肾病占35．1％，其他5．3％。（2）高血压伴肾功能不全组和单纯高血压组的血压达标率分别为70．2％和91．5％（P〈0．01）。     

小剂量氢氯噻嗪联合氨氯地平片治疗老年原发性高血压疗效观察

目的观察小剂量氢氯噻嗪联合氨氯地平治疗老年轻中度原发性高血压的疗效与安全性。方法将90例原发性高血压患者随机分成两组,A组给予氨氯地平5mg、氢氯噻嗪25mg口服,B组给予氨氯地平5mg、氢氯噻嗪12．5mg口服,共治疗8周。观察两组的血压、血生化指标的变化情况。结果两组治疗后血压均较治疗前明显下降（P〈0．01）,但两组间比较无统计学差异（P〉0．05）。A、B两组降压总有效率分别为88．9％、84．4％,降压达标率分别为66．7％、64．．4％,两组比较均无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。A组低血钾发生率显著高于B组（P〈0．05）,两组其他不良反应发生率相似,生化指标比较无统计学意义。结论应用小剂量氢氯噻嗪联合氨氯地平治疗老年轻中度原发性高血压安全、有效。     

贝那普利与氨氯地平治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压临床疗效比较

目的比较贝那普利与氨氯地平治疗老年单纯收缩期高血压临床疗效。方法将我院收治的96例老年单纯收缩期高血压患者随机分成两组，A组50例，给予氨氯地平5rag／次，1次／d，晨服；B组46例，给予贝那普利10mg／次，1次／d晨服，均治疗12周。第4周A组根据血压情况调整氨氯地平为10mg／次，1次／d；B组贝那普利为20mg／次，1次／d治疗9周。每周记录血压及不良反应。结果两组患者治疗前、后SBP、PP间差异均有非常显著性意义（P〈0.01）。A组有效率为89．1％，B组有效率为88．5％，两组患者有效率间差异无显著性意义（P〉0.05）。结论氨氯地平与贝那普利降低老年收缩期高血压临床疗效确切，两药降压效果相近，不良反应少，均为有效长效降压剂。     

糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管病患者血压控制现状调查

目的了解中国糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管病患者血压控制及降压药物使用情况,分析影响血压控制的因素。方法对参加“第二项心脏保护研究”临床试验筛选门诊的糖尿病合并动脉粥样硬化性心血管病患者进行调查,记录病史和用药情况,测量血压、BMI和腰围。结果2007年6月至2009年10月期间,在14个城市共调查6522例患者,平均年龄64岁。70％有高血压病史,其中12％未服任何降压药物,仅18％血压达标。缺血性脑卒中病史（OR0．70,95％CI 0．58～0．84）和向心性肥胖（OR0．64,95％C10．46～0．89）与血压达标呈负相关。无高血压病史的患者中,64％血压高于130／80mmHg。结论我国糖尿病合并心血管病患者血压控制情况距指南要求仍存在很大差距,应注意加强对此类患者的血压控制。     

抗抑郁治疗对老年高血压降压疗效的影响

目的探讨抗抑郁治疗对老年高血压患者降压疗效的影响。方法对138例老年高血压合并抑郁的患者随机分为A、B组,并设103例老年高血压患者对照组,三组均给予氢氯噻嗪12．5mg／d和硝苯地平控释片30mg／d口服,A组在此基础上加服氟西汀20mg／d口服,共12周;B组给予阿米三嗪1片和谷维素20mg,3次／d,共12周。结果A组与治疗前及B组相比,其坐位血压、24h动态血压监测昼夜收缩压和舒张压均明显下降,差异有显著的统计学意义（P〈0．01）。结论抗抑郁治疗有利于老年高血压合并抑郁患者的血压控制。     

联合苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平治疗难治性高血压临床观察

目的观察血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI）、β-受体阻滞剂、利尿剂等联合苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平对难治性高血压的临床疗效。方法选择我院难治性．高血压患者76例，随机分为观察组和对照组各38例，对照组患者给予血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂（ACEI）、β-受体阻滞剂、利尿剂等药物联合治疗，观察组患者在此基础上给予苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平片2．5～5．0mg／次，1次／d，疗程均为4周。观察两组患者血压达标率、治疗后血压情况及不良反应情况。结果观察组患者治疗后达标33例（86．8％）对照组患者治疗后达标21例（55．3％），两组患者达标率间差异有非常显著性意义（P〈0．01）。两组患者治疗前、后收缩压（SBP）、舒张压（DBP）间差异均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）；且两组患者治疗后SBP、DBP间差异亦均有显著性意义（P〈0．05）。结论苯磺酸左旋氨氯地平是一个通过拆分技术获得的新药，具有较好的依从性和降压效果，尤其是在治疗难治性高血压方面疗效确切。     

Effect of sertraline in patients with newly diagnosed depression and type 2 diabetes mellitus or hypertension: An observational study from south India

Background and aimsPatients with either type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or hypertension (HTN) are more prone to develop depression when compared with the general population. Along with comorbid of either T2DM or HTN, treatment of depression may become an even bigger challenge. The present study aimed to observe the effect of sertraline in newly diagnosed depression patients with T2DM or HTN.MethodsA prospective, observational study was conducted in the T2DM or HTN patients who were newly diagnosed as depression patients. Parameters such as, glycated hemoglobin (HbA_1c), systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP) and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) score for depression were measured before and after initiating sertraline therapy (50 mg, twice daily). Paired t-test was used to find out the statistical significance.ResultOf the 546 enrolled patients, 291 patients were in T2DM and 255 patients with HTN. No statistically significant difference (p > 0.05) was observed between baseline and 12th week of comparison with respect to HbA_1c, SBP and DBP values. While at the end of treatment, the number of patients suffered from depression in severe state were improved to moderate to a mild state of depression. Statistically significant difference (p < 0.001) was observed in both T2DM and HTN groups when comparing the total score of HAM-D before and after sertraline treatment.ConclusionSertraline is effective in the management of newly diagnosed depression among T2DM or HTN patients. However, the results should be confirmed by a double blinded placebo studies.     

阿托伐他汀治疗老年轻中度高血压患者的效果

目的：探讨阿托伐他汀对老年轻中度高血压患者的疗效。方法：2011年7月至2013年7月我院收治的427例轻中度老年高血压患者,按就诊单双号随机分为常规治疗组（210例）和阿托伐他汀组（217例,常规治疗基础上加服阿托伐他汀）,连续治疗24个月,比较两组血压、高敏C反应蛋白质（hsCRP）的变化及治疗期间的不良反应。结果：与常规治疗组比较,阿托伐他汀组血压的长期控制（24个月）总有效率显著提高（76.8％比85.9％）,血压显著下降[（145.3±10.1/88.6±6.7）mmHg比（136.9±6.8/83.0±5.2）mmHg],hsCRP 水平显著降低[（2.02±0.29）mg/L比（1.60±0.18）mg/L]（P＜0.05或＜0.01）,两组治疗期间不良反应没有明显差异（P＞0.05）。结论：阿托伐他汀和抗高血压药物联合应用可以更好地控制血压,降低炎症反应,适合老年高血压患者长期应用。     

Controversies in hypertension: mild hypertension, isolated systolic hypertension, and the choice of a step one drug

The realization that cardiovascular morbidity and mortality increases in patients with mild elevation of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure has led to a consideration to treat millions of patients with mild diastolic or isolated systolic hypertension. The cost of administering a successful antihypertensive treatment program and the potential adverse effects of pharmacologic agents is of great concern. It has been emphasized that the risk of premature mortality differs in individual patients according to the number of associated cardiovascular risk factors at any level of blood pressure. This has led to a suggestion that only high risk patients be treated. However, a significant number of low risk patients with mild hypertension develop a more severe or complicated form of their disease even over a follow-up period of five to ten years. There is no good way to identify these patients. Trials of antihypertensive therapy suggest a beneficial effect of blood pressure lowering in mild hypertension. No trials of antihypertensive therapy in elderly patients with isolated systolic hypertension have been reported, but the elevation in systolic blood pressure appears to be an independent risk factor for cardiovascular mortality. Even the choice of the first step agent in treatment is debatable. Diuretics or beta blockers effectively lower blood pressure in the majority of hypertensive patients, particularly if modest dietary sodium restriction is achieved. The incidence of side effects, either symptomatic or biochemical, is similar but diuretics are unquestionably cheaper and probably more effective. Successful application of an antihypertensive treatment program may continue to reduce our unacceptably great incidence of cardiovascular disease.     

Instant and sustained-release verapamil in the treatment of essential hypertension

In a series of controlled studies for periods of 4 to 6 weeks comprising 103 patients altogether, and in 1 long-term trial for 1 year, various dosages of instant and sustained-release verapamil were administered in the treatment of mild and moderate essential hypertension. One of these trials was a double-blind comparison with nifedipine, in which the 2 calcium antagonists had an equally good effect on blood pressure. A significant blood pressure reduction was achieved with verapamil both at rest and during isometric work in most patients. About 10% of the patients were nonresponders. Pharmacokinetic studies demonstrated great interindividual variations in plasma concentrations of verapamil and its active metabolite norverapamil. Except for 1 study, no significant correlation was found between drug concentration and blood pressure reduction. All formulations of verapamil were well tolerated by the patients, and adverse effects were generally mild and often transient. No negative metabolic effects were observed during long-term treatment; serum lipids, in particular, were unaffected. PQ intervals on the electrocardiogram were significantly but moderately prolonged. QRS and QT intervals were unchanged. No increase in body weight occurred. It is concluded that verapamil is an efficacious, safe drug and a first-line treatment alternative in mild and moderate essential hypertension. The recently developed sustained formulation of the drug renders a simple dosage regimen possible.     

阿利沙坦酯与贝尼地平对轻中度高血压患者降压效果、肾功能及血尿酸影响的对比研究

背景近年研究发现,钙通道阻滞剂(CCB)贝尼地平具有降低尿蛋白的作用。血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂(ARB)阿利沙坦酯是我国首个自主研发的1.1类抗高血压药。但目前有关贝尼地平与阿利沙坦酯治疗高血压的研究报道少见。目的比较阿利沙坦酯和贝尼地平对轻中度高血压患者降压效果、肾功能及血尿酸的影响。方法选取2020年1月至2021年6月深圳大学总医院心血管内科、肾内科门诊及住院部收治的新发高血压患者92例,采用随机数字表法分为阿利沙坦酯组(n=45)和贝尼地平组(n=47)。贝尼地平组患者给予贝尼地平治疗,阿利沙坦酯组患者给予阿利沙坦酯治疗。比较两组患者治疗前及治疗12周后24 h平均血压(包括24 h平均收缩压和24 h平均舒张压)、肾功能指标(包括血肌酐、血β₂-微量蛋白、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿总蛋白/尿肌酐比值)及血尿酸,并观察两组患者治疗期间不良反应发生情况。结果两组患者治疗前及治疗12周后24 h平均收缩压、24 h平均舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗12周后,两组患者24 h平均收缩压和24 h平均舒张压分别低于本组治疗前(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗前及治疗12周后血肌酐、血β₂-微量蛋白、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿总蛋白/尿肌酐比值、血尿酸比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗12周后,两组患者血肌酐、血β₂-微量蛋白、尿微量白蛋白/尿肌酐比值、尿总蛋白/尿肌酐比值、血尿酸分别低于本组治疗前(P<0.05)。两组患者治疗期间均未出现明显不良反应。结论阿利沙坦酯与贝尼地平对轻中度高血压患者的降压效果及肾功能的改善效果相似,但对于轻中度高血压合并高尿酸血症患者推荐使用阿利沙坦酯。     

辛伐他汀对血压影响的临床观察

目的：观察辛伐他汀对高血压病人血压的影响。方法：42例高血压伴高血脂病人作自身前、后对照，在服用氨氯地平控制血压的基础上，加用辛伐他汀调脂治疗12周。观察用药前、后24小时动态血压的变化。结果：12周后，患的总胆固醇、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇和甘油三酯水平显降低，而高密度脂蛋白胆固醇水平升高不显。在调脂治疗后血压略有降低，但不显。结论：辛伐他汀调脂疗效确切，对血压有轻度影响。     

左旋氨氯地平和氨氯地平治疗轻中度高血压的临床观察

目的评价左旋氨氯地平和氨氯地平治疗轻中度高血压的疗效与不良反应。方法选择门诊轻中度高血压患者108例,随机分为3组,每组36例,接受氨氯地平5 mg/d(A组)、左旋氨氯地平2.5 mg/d(B组)、左旋氨氯地平5 mg/d(C组),共治疗8周,观察降压效果和不良反应。结果 3组治疗后收缩压和舒张压较治疗前明显下降(P<0.05)。与A、B组比较,C组血压变化值更高(P<0.01),血压达标率高(P<0.05)。3组治疗后红细胞计数、血红蛋白较治疗前明显增高(P<0.05);B组血K~+明显降低(P<0.05)。结论左旋氨氯地平能有效降低轻中度高血压患者的血压,不良反应低于氨氨地平,左旋氨氯地平2.5 mg治疗后血K+下降。     

琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片治疗轻中度原发性高血压的临床研究

目的观察选择性β1受体阻滞剂琥珀酸美托洛尔缓释片(Betaloc ZOK,简称倍他洛克缓释片)治疗轻中度原发性高血压的疗效和安全性。方法30例轻中度原发性高血压患者服用倍他洛克缓释片47.5~95 mg/d 8周。治疗前后测量坐位血压,监测肝肾功能、血糖、血脂,记录药物不良反应。结果治疗8周后,收缩压和舒张压分别下降(13.70±17.70)mm Hg和(11.03±9.85)mm Hg(P均<0.001),26/30例患者血压<140/90 mm Hg,降压达标率为86.7%。心率、肝功能和血糖、血脂指标治疗前后差异无统计学意义。血肌酐显著下降[(0.92±0.2)mg/dlvs.(0.79±0.20)mg/dl,P<0.001]。结论倍他洛克缓释片能有效治疗轻中度原发性高血压,无明显不良反应,患者依从性良好。     

马尼地平治疗轻中度高血压患者的疗效观察

目的评价盐酸马尼地平治疗原发性轻中度高血压患者的降压疗效。方法选择门诊原发性轻中度高血压患者180例,随机分为试验组(90例)和对照组(90例),试验组给予盐酸马尼地平和苯磺酸氨氯地平模拟剂,对照组给予苯磺酸氨氯地平和盐酸马尼地平模拟剂,比较2组患者基线和治疗期末的血压和心率。2组患者中各选择24例在双盲治疗期开始和结束时进行24 h动态血压监测,比较2组24h、昼间、夜间血压平均值和谷峰比值及平滑指数。结果试验组与对照组治疗期末舒张压和收缩压下降值比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与基线比较,2组治疗期末收缩压和舒张压明显降低(P<0.01)。24 h动态血压监测分析,2组间治疗期末24 h、昼间及夜间收缩压和舒张压下降值差异无统计学意义(P>0).05);与基线比较,试验组和对照组治疗期末收缩压和舒张压明显降低(P<0.05,P<0.01);试验组谷峰比值较对照组明显降低(P<0.05),而平滑指数和不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论盐酸马尼地平治疗原发性轻中度高血压患者疗效可靠,不良反应较轻。     

An open-label preliminary trial of sertraline for treatment of major depression after acute myocardial infarction (the SADHAT Trial). Sertraline Anti-Depressant Heart Attack Trial.

BACKGROUND: Depression occurs frequently in patients with acute myocardial infarction and is associated with increased mortality rates. It is not known whether serotonin reuptake inhibitors would be safe and effective for patients with depression after myocardial infarction and whether such treatment would reduce mortality rates. METHODS AND RESULTS: We conducted a multicenter, open-label, pilot study of sertraline treatment in patients with major depressive disorder identified 5 to 30 days after admission for acute myocardial infarction. Outcome measures included cardiovascular and hemostatic function, adverse events, and mood ratings. Twenty-six patients were enrolled in the study. During treatment there were no significant changes in heart rate, blood pressure, cardiac conduction, or left ventricular ejection fraction, and there was a trend toward reduced ventricular ectopic activity. There were no changes in coagulation measures. Bleeding time increased in 12 patients, decreased in 4 patients, and was unchanged in 2 patients. Three (12%) patients withdrew from treatment prematurely because of adverse events. Significant improvements in mood ratings occurred over the course of treatment. CONCLUSIONS: Sertraline treatment was associated with clinical improvement and was well tolerated in >85% of the patients in this open-label treatment trial for patients with major depression after myocardial infarction. These results encourage further controlled trials to establish the effects of treatment for this high-risk population.