37种滇产中草药体外抗菌活性筛选

目的测定37种云南中草药的80%乙醇提取物的体外抗菌活性。方法用回流和冷浸(11种)2种提取方法制备37种云南中草药醇提物,用琼脂扩散法进行体外抑菌试验;用微量稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度(MIC)、最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果 37种云南中草药的醇提物中,有33种对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、白假丝酵母菌有不同程度的抑制活性;其中山乌龟、云南勾儿茶等14种中草药对标准金黄色葡萄球菌有较强的抑菌活性,抑菌圈为15～20 mm;对耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈为8～23 mm,MIC为128～512μg·mL-1,MBC为128～>1024μg·mL-1。结论山乌龟、云南勾儿茶、算盘子等6种中草药对金黄色葡萄球菌和耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌均具显著抑菌效果,部分中草药对铜绿假单胞菌和大肠埃希菌也有一定的抑菌效果,呈现一定的广谱抗菌活性。     

慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对7种致病菌体外抗菌作用的初步研究

目的 观察慢性盆腔炎灌肠液的体外抗菌作用。方法 用平皿二倍稀释法测定慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、化脓性链球菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌、伤寒沙门杆菌、福氏志贺杆菌7种细菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）及最低杀菌浓度（MBC）。结果 慢性盆腔炎灌肠液对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌有较明显的抑菌活性,对化脓性链球菌、伤寒沙门杆菌、福氏志贺杆菌有一定的抑菌活性,对铜绿假单胞菌、凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌的体外抑菌活性不明显。结论 慢性盆腔炎灌肠液具有一定的体外抑菌活性,现时的药物浓度为最适合的药物浓度。     

黄芩茎叶活性部位抗菌作用的研究

目的研究黄芩茎叶活性部位(SLSBGAF)的抗菌作用。方法体外试验观察黄芩茎叶活性部位对金黄色葡萄球菌、葡萄球菌、肺炎链球菌、甲型溶血性链球菌、乙型溶血性链球菌、大肠埃希菌、绿脓假单胞菌、变形杆菌、伤寒沙门菌、甲型副伤寒沙门菌、乙型副伤寒沙门菌、福氏志贺菌、卡它布郎汉姆菌等13种38株细菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC);体内试验观察黄芩茎叶活性部位对金黄色葡萄球菌感染所致小鼠死亡的保护作用。结果黄芩茎叶活性部位对所试13种38株细菌中的36株表现了不同程度的抑菌作用,对31个菌株表现了不同程度的杀菌作用。其中对金黄色葡萄球菌抗菌活性较强,抑菌浓度范围0.24~1.88g.L-1,MIC50为0.94g·L-1,MBC可达0.94g·L-1;54.3、108.5、217mg·kg-1黄芩茎叶活性部位体内给药,24、48h2个时间点的小鼠死亡率均低于感染对照组,其中217mg·kg-1组与感染对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.01),108.5mg·kg-1组24h与感染对照组比较差异有显著性(P<0.05)。结论黄芩茎叶活性部位有明显的抗菌作用,提示可用于有关细菌感染疾病的临床治疗。     

丹皮酚体外抑菌作用研究

摘要目的研究牡丹皮中丹皮酚体外抑菌性能。方法采用药敏纸片法和试管二倍稀释法测定牡丹皮中丹皮酚对大肠埃希菌、变形杆菌、伤寒杆菌、乙型副伤寒杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌等6种细菌的抑菌作用。结果丹皮酚对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和表皮葡萄球菌的抑菌作用最强,最低抑菌浓度（MIC）均为62.5 mg·mL－1;对伤寒杆菌和乙型副伤寒杆菌的抑菌作用其次,MIC均为125.0 mg·mL－1;对变形杆菌抑菌作用最弱,MIC为250.0 mg·mL－1。结论丹皮酚对6种细菌均有明显的抑制作用,其中对金黄色葡萄球菌敏感性较强。     

参菊洗剂体外抑菌作用

目的：研究参菊洗剂的体外抑菌作用。方法采用琼脂扩散纸片法测定抑菌圈直径,采用液体培养液连续稀释法测定最低抑菌浓度( MIC),采用琼脂培养液平板法测定最低杀菌浓度( MBC),并与市售某妇科洗液比较抑菌作用。结果参菊洗剂对5种病原菌株的抑菌作用明显优于相同浓度的市售某妇科洗液,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);参菊洗剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白念珠菌的MIC分别为33.75,67.5,67.5,67.5,33.75 mg·mL-1;参菊洗剂对金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草芽孢杆菌、白念珠菌的MBC分别为33.75,67.5,67.5,135,33.75 mg·mL-1。结论参菊洗剂具有较明显的抑菌和杀菌作用。     

葎草水提液的体外抑菌作用研究

目的:研究葎草水提液的体外抑菌效果。方法:采用倍比稀释法和96孔板微量肉汤稀释法对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、铜绿假单胞菌进行体外抑菌试验,测定其抑菌圈直径、最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果:该药对试验菌株呈现不同程度的敏感,大肠埃希菌的MIC和MBC值浓度同为31.25 mg·ml-1;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC和MBC值浓度同为3.91 mg·ml-1;对铜绿假单胞菌的MIC和MBC值分别为125 mg·ml-1和250 mg·ml-1。结论:以水煎液为研究对象,考察葎草的体外抑菌效果更贴近临床应用形式,为葎草相关制剂的深入研究提供参考。     

复方大青叶注射液体外抑菌作用及抗内毒素作用的研究

目的研究复方大青叶注射液体外抑菌作用及抗内毒素作用。方法体外抑菌作用采用液体培养基连续稀释法测定复方大青叶的最小抑菌浓度(MIC);抗内毒素作用采用细菌内毒素检查法。结果体外抑菌实验结果表明复方大青叶注射液对被测微生物的最小抑菌浓度为:金黄色葡萄球菌,MIC62 g.L-1;藤黄微球菌,MIC62 g.L-1;枯草芽孢杆菌,MIC62 g.L-1;大肠埃希菌,MIC125 g.L-1;变形杆菌,MIC125 g.L-1;新型隐球菌,MIC62 g.L-1;白假丝酵母菌,MIC125 g.L-1;啤酒酵母菌,MIC125 g.L-1。抗内毒素结果:复方大青叶注射液62 g.L-1即具有抗内毒素作用。结论复方大青叶注射液体外具有广谱抗菌作用,不仅对革兰阳性细菌有较强的抑菌作用,而且对某些真菌也有较强的抑菌作用;复方大青叶注射液有较强的抗内毒素活性。     

二种壳聚糖络合物抗真菌活性的研究

目的研究碘原子壳聚糖络合物络合碘和氯原子壳聚糖络合物对于白假丝酵母菌,热带假丝菌红色毛癣菌须发毛癣菌的抑菌及杀菌效果。方法常量稀释法MIC及MBC。结果对于4种临床常见的真菌均能有效杀灭。结论这两种壳聚糖络合物对真菌有良好的杀菌和抑菌效果。     

黄芩苷与盐酸小檗碱自沉淀理化性质及抑菌作用机制研究

目的 以黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱产生的自沉淀为研究对象,探究其理化性质,对其抑菌作用及其机制展开研究,为中药自沉淀现象产生的物质深入研究提供参考。方法 采用差示热量扫描法、红外光谱扫描和紫外光谱扫描测定黄芩苷和盐酸小檗碱的自沉淀理化性质;采用牛津杯法探索黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱及自沉淀对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌活性;采用二倍稀释法进一步研究黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱、自沉淀对大肠埃希菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)和最小杀菌浓度(MBC),并通过测定菌体的生长曲线、胞外核酸相对含量、胞外可溶性蛋白质含量和电导率研究黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱及自沉淀对大肠埃希菌、金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌机制,分析对比黄芩苷、盐酸小檗碱反应前后抑菌作用机制是否发生改变。结果 差示热量扫描法结果显示盐酸小檗碱与黄芩苷反应前后存在热量变化,该自沉淀是一种不同于盐酸小檗碱、黄芩苷的新物质或复合物,其官能团、紫外吸收均发生了变化。盐酸小檗碱对大肠埃希菌的MIC为0.9375 mg/mL,MBC为7.5 mg/mL;对金黄色葡萄球菌的MIC为0.9375 mg/mL,MBC为7.5 mg/mL。黄芩苷对大肠埃希菌的MIC为1.8...     

清肺消炎丸体外抗菌活性研究

目的观察清肺消炎丸对9种肺炎常见病原菌的体外抗菌作用。方法采用琼脂稀释法,测定清肺消炎丸对9种药敏质控菌株的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)及最低杀菌浓度(MBC)。结果清肺消炎丸对肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌的MIC分别为6.25、25、25、50mg/mL,相应的MBC分别为12.5、25、50、50mg/mL;对大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、肺炎克雷伯菌、变形杆菌及白色念珠菌均无明显体外抑菌活性。结论清肺消炎丸对肺炎链球菌、化脓性链球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、流感嗜血杆菌具有体外抗菌作用,其中对链球菌的抗菌活性较高。     

五倍子的体外抑菌作用研究

目的探讨五倍子的体外抑菌作用。方法用K—B纸片扩散法。100％五倍子浸出液滤纸片对金黄色葡萄球菌、白色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌、伤寒杆菌、铜绿假单胞菌、变形杆菌、甲型链球菌、乙型链球菌抑菌作用进行了研究。结果五倍子对以上细菌均有明显的抑菌作用。结论五倍子在体外有明显抑菌作用。     

Light induced antimicrobial properties of a brominated boron difluoride (BF(2)) chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethene photosensitizer

Herein we describe a new antimicrobial photodynamic therapeutic (PDT) agent based upon the brominated BF(2) chelated tetraarylazadipyrromethene photosensitizer class. Bis-ammonium salt substitution of the photosensitizer promoted a rapid 10 min uptake into Gram-positive and -negative bacterial strains and pathogenic yeasts. A photosensitizer and light dose response analysis for methicillin-sensitive S. aureus showed an impressive antibacterial efficacy with 1, 2, and 5 μg/mL 6. Specifically, light activation with a dose of 16 J/cm(2) and 5 μg/mL 6 resulted in a 6.8 and 3.4 log(10) reduction of S. aureus and a clinically defined methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) strain, respectively. Encouragingly, a broad spectrum pathogen response (using 5 μg/mL 6 and 75 J/cm(2)) was observed with 3.6 and 5.7 log(10) decreases in viable cell numbers achievable for Gram-negative bacterium E. coli and the pathogenic yeast C. albicans, respectively. The photophysical and cell eradicating characteristics of this bis-cationic PDT agent suggest that it has broad potential in antimicrobial therapeutics.     

Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils of Lantana camara,Ageratum houstonianum and Eupatorium adenophorum

Essential oils have applications in folk medicine, food preservation, and as feed additives. The essential oils of Lantana camara Linn. (Verbenaceae), Ageratum houstonianum Mill. (Asteraceae) and Eupatorium adenophorum Spreng. (Asteraceae) were analyzed by Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS). In L. camara oil, of the total identified (83.91%) volatile constituents, five constituents [3,7,11-trimethyl-1,6,10-dodecatriene (28.86%), β-caryophyllene (12.28%), zingiberene (7.63%), γ-curcumene (7.50%) and α-humulene (3.99%)] represented the major ones. In A. houstonianum oil, among the total identified volatile constituents (94.51%), three [precocene-II (52.64%), precocene-I (22.45%) and β-caryophyllene (9.66%)] represented the major ones. In E. adenophorum oil, of the total identified volatile constituents (84.95%), six [1-napthalenol (17.50%), α-bisabolol (9.53%), bornyl acetate (8.98%), β-bisabolene (6.16%), germacrene-D (5.74%) and α- phellandrene (3.85%)] represented the major ones. The antibacterial activity expressed as Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) (μg/mL) was determined by the broth dilution method. The essential oil of E. adenophorum had antibacterial activity against Arthrobacter protophormiae, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Rhodococcus rhodochrous, and Staphylococcus aureus with MBC values of 200, 100, 100, 12.5, and 200, respectively. The essential oil of A. houstonianum showed antibacterial activity against M. luteus and R. rhodochrous with MBC of 100 and 12.5, but not against A. protophormiae, E. coli, and S. aureus. The essential oil of L. camara showed antibacterial activity against A. protophormiae, M. luteus, R. rhodochrous and S. aureus with MBC of 50, 25, 12.5, and 200, respectively, but not against E. coli. MBC was lowest for R. rhodochrous for all the three essential oils.     

Evaluation of the Antimicrobial Activity of Ammoniacum Gum from Dorema ammoniacum

Antimicrobial activity of the dichloromethane-methanol (1 : 1) extract of ammoniacum gum (from Dorema ammoniacum D. Don) was evaluated against 14 microorganisms which included seven Gram-positive bacteria (Bacillus cereus, Bacillus pumilus, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus luteus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus faecalis), four Gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aereuginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae and Bordetella bronchiseptica), one yeast (Saccharomyces cereviseae) and two fungi (Aspergillus niger and Candida albicans). The extract of ammoniacum gum exhibited a of broad spectrum antimicrobial activity by inhibiting all the seven Gram-positive bacterium, one Gramnegative bacterium, one yeast and one fungus, with a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of 40µg/ml. To overcome the solubility problem often faced when herbal extracts are added to aqueous medium, we employed a modified broth method where the broth cultures were agitated at 150 rpm in an orbital shaking incubator. This method reduced the MIC of the extract considerably, to 5-20µg/ml, against B. bronchiseptica, S. aureus and S. epidermidis.     

药用植物扛板归抗菌活性研究

目的 研究扛板归提取物的体外抗菌活性,确定其抗菌谱及最低抑菌浓度（MIC）.方法 扛板归采用几种有机溶剂提取,研究其不同溶剂提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌和变形杆菌的抗菌活性.结果 扛板归75% 乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌、枯草杆菌、绿脓杆菌和变形杆菌均有较强的抑制作用,其MIC分别为5.0×10-2、10.0×10-2、10.0×10-2、5.0×10-2 mg/mL.此外,扛板归乙酸乙酯提取物和正丁醇提取物对枯草杆菌和绿脓杆菌均有较强的抑制作用.结论 扛板归具有较强的抗菌活性,可以作为新的抗菌中药进行更深入地研究.     

Antibacterial activity of polyphenols of garcinia indica

The aim of present work is to study the antibacterial activity of polyphenols isolated from the ethyl acetate soluble of methanol extract of stem bark of Garcinia indica against Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonella typhi and Escherichia coli by paper disc method. The results showed good antibacterial activity against S. aureus at higher concentrations, moderate at lower concentrations, against S. typhi moderate at higher concentrations but no activity against E. coli even at higher concentration for flavononylflavone. With proauthocyanin S. Aureus, S. Typhi and E. coli showed good antibacterial activity at higher concentration only.     

Synthesis and antimicrobial activities of some new tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione derivatives of amoxicillin

A number of 6-[2-(dihydro-5-substituted-6-thioxo-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-3( 4H)-yl)-2-(4-hydroxyphenyl)acetamido]penicillanic acids has been synthesized as prodrugs by incorporating the amine group of amoxicillin trihydrate into tetrahydro-2H-1,3,5-thiadiazine-2-thione ring. The compounds have been prepared by the reaction of various alkyl or aralkyl amines with potassium hydroxide, carbon disulfide, formaldehyde and amoxicillin trihydrate. The structures of the compounds have been elucidated by UV, IR, 1H-NMR spectra and elementary analysis. The in vitro activity of these compounds against gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus faecalis), gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and yeast-like fungi (Candida albicans, C. parapsilosis, C. stellatoidea, C. pseudotropicalis) was investigated by the tube dilution method and compared with the activity of amoxicillin trihydrate. By this way their minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) and minimal fungicidal concentration (MFC) values were determined. Compound I and Compound VII were significantly more effective than amoxicillin trihydrate against S. aureus (MBC: 6.25 micrograms/ml). Compound VI and Compound XI were effective against S. faecalis (MBC: 6.25 micrograms/ml) and Compound I and Compound VI were effective against E. coli (MBC: 12.5 micrograms/ml). All of the compounds and amoxicillin trihydrate were ineffective against P. aeruginosa (MIC: greater than 100 micrograms/ml). Compound IX and Compound X were the most active derivatives against yeast-like fungi; the MFC values for these compounds ranged between 6.25 and 37.5 micrograms/ml.     

In vitro susceptibility of new generation of antibacterial antibiotics against pathogenic bacteria

Antibiotic susceptibility of ten bacteria i.e. Neisseria catarrhalis, Salmonella typhi, S. enteritidis, Haemophilus influenzae, Bacillus subtilis, Pseudomonas fluorescence, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Proteus vulgaris, Staphylococcus aureus and E. coli to twenty antibiotics i.e. cefpirom (30 mcg), ceftriaxone (30 mcg), erythromycin (15 mcg), doxycycline (30 mcg) lomefloxacin (10 mcg), sisomicin (30 mcg), vancomycin (30 mcg), augmentin (30 mcg), ampicillin (30 mcg), cotrimoxazole (25 mcg), cefotaxime (30 mcg), Chloramphenicol (30 mcg), cephalexin (30 mcg), tetracycline (30 mcg), ciprofloxacin (5 mcg), nitrofurantoin (300 mcg), nalidixic acid (30 mcg), pefloxacin (10 mcg), norfloxacin and ofloxacin (5 mcg) was studied to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of recently introduced second and third generation antibiotics. All the test strains were sensitive to pefloxacin, erythromycin, augmentin and chloramphenicol. Maximum resistance to cefpirom excluding E. coli and S. typhi and co-trimoxazole except S. typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was observed, occasional resistance was seen against ceftriaxone, vancomycin and cefotaxime.     

Studies of Antimicrobial Activities of some 4-Thiazolidinone Fused Pyrimidines, [1,5]-Benzodiazepines and their Oxygen Substituted Hydroxylamine Derivatives

Thiazolidin-4-one fused pyrimidines, [1,5]-benzodiazepines and their oxygen substituted hydroxylamine derivatives have been screened for antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activity. Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Proteus mirabilis and Salmonella typhi were used for antibacterial screening. Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans were used for antifungal screening and Plasmodium species were used for antimalarial screening. The antibacterial and antifungal activities are expressed in terms of zone of inhibition and antimalarial activity is expressed in IC(50) value. Fifteen compounds 2Xa, 2Xb, 2Xc, 2Xs, 3IV, 3Va, 3Vc, 3VIIIa, 3VIIIh, 3IXa, 3IXb, 3IXc, 3Xa, 4IXa and 4Xa were tested for antibacterial as well as antifungal activity and seven compounds 2IXb, 2Xb, 3VIIIc, 3Xc, 4IXa, 4Xa and 4IXw were tested for antimalarial activity. Streptomycin, griseofulvin and chloroquine were taken as standard drugs in antibacterial, antifungal and antimalarial activity, respectively. The compound 2Xs was found significant antimicrobial against Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans as well as compound 3Xa was significant antimicrobial against Bacillus subtilis, E. coli, Salmonella typhi, Aspergillus fumigatus and Candida albicans. The compound 2Xb showed significant antimalarial activity.     

Preliminary studies on the antibacterial activity of crude extracts and alkaloids from species of Aspidosperma

Screening tests of hydroethanolic crude extracts of six species of Aspidosperma (Apocynaceae) against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were performed. Aspidosperma ramiflorum Muell. Arg. showed good activity against Bacillus subtilis with MIC and MBC of 15.7 and 125?μg/mL, moderate activity against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MBC of 250 and 500?μg/mL, and weak activity against Escherichia coli with MIC and MBC of 1000?μg/mL. Aspidosperma pyricolum Muell. Arg. (MIC/MBC 125/250?μg/mL) and Aspidosperma olivaceum Muell. Arg. (MIC/MBC 250/?>?1000?μg/mL) displayed moderate antibacterial activity against Bacillus subtilis. Separation of the crude extract of Aspidosperma ramiflorum was performed according to the usual acid–base process, which produces alkaloid mixtures and closely related metabolites. The basic fraction was active against Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli, with MICs of 31.2, 62.5, and 250?μg/mL, respectively. The basic fractions were more active than the acid fractions, probably because they contained some active alkaloids and/or closely related metabolites absent from the other fractions, or they contained a higher concentration of these active compounds.