青少年婚前性行为与妊娠的社会医学研究

对南京市12954例人工流产资料作了描述性分析，对783名大学生性文明调查，探讨社会文化观念对性行为的影响，对620例婚前检查者和172例青少年人流者，作了生殖健康危险因素的研究．结果表明，青少年人流有逐年上升和低龄化趋势，性知识和性社会文化观念对婚前性行为与妊娠有重要影响。     

青少年妊娠与婚前性行为危险模式探讨

采用多状态Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ回归分析法，对婚前检查者６２０例和青少年人工流产者１７２便的生殖健康危险模式进行了分析研究，结果表明，本人和男友的文化职业、家庭教育、恋爱年龄、恋爱时间是青少年婚前性行为与妊娠的危险因素。     

832例城市育龄妇女人工流产状况及其影响因素分析

目的探索保护妇女生殖健康的措施,减少意外非意愿性妊娠对妇女健康的影响。方法对2008年1月至8月在曲靖市妇幼保健院行人工流产的832例城市妇女进行调查分析。结果人流妇女年龄以20-25岁者居多（59.14%）,文化程度以初、高中居多（74.88%）,职业以商业、服务业者最多（57.81%）,未产妇占65.14%,因避孕失败造成意外妊娠所致的人工流产比例最高,占48.52%。两次以上人流史占67.67%,人流次数最多高达9次,年龄最小14岁,最大48岁。结论妊娠次数、婚姻状况、文化程度、生育次数、初次性生活年龄等因素是影响妇女人工流产的重要危险因素。加强育龄妇女、青年生殖健康教育、减少婚前性行为、促进避孕措施普及以减少意外非意愿性妊娠的发生,从而降低人工流产率,对保护妇女的生殖健康有重要意义。     

女性青少年婚前性行为和妊娠影响因素的两种Logistic回归分析

目的：研究青少年婚前性行为及妊娠的影响因素。方法：采用二分类和多分类Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型对影响因素进行分析。结果：本人文化程度、恋爱年龄、对性问题的态度等对婚前性行为和妊娠的发生有重要影响。结论：对青少年进行性教育已是当务之急，重点应是性知识的传授和性道德的培养     

女性青少年婚前性行为和妊娠影响因素的两种Logistic回归分析

目的：研究青少年婚前性行为及妊娠的影响因素。方法：采用二分类和多分类Ｌｏｇｉｓｔｉｃ模型对影响因素进行分析。结果：本人文化程度、恋爱年龄、对性问题的态度等对婚前性行为和妊娠的发生有重要影响。结论：对青少年进行性教育已是当务之急，重点应是性知识的传授和性道德的培养。     

未婚女青年人工流产的心理社会危险因素探讨

采用问卷调查及面谈对１２０例行人工流产的未婚女青年的心理社会危险因素进行分析，结果表明：恋人，文化程度低，工人及无业者是未婚性行为及妊娠，未婚人流的高危人群，将性行为看作是忠于爱情，在恋爱中一时冲动及对性行为的好奇是导致未婚性行为，妊娠的危险因素。提出应加强青少年树立正确的恋爱观教育。还应对他们加强性知识的宣传教育及健康教育，提高自我文化道德修养，以减少或避免婚前性行为的发生。     

未婚妊娠行人工流产术患者的心理状态及心理干预

随着生活水平和价值观念的不断变化，婚前性行为比例有逐年上升的趋势。据统计，未婚行人工流产术占人工流产孕妇的8％-10％，婚前性行为及由此引起的未婚妊娠和人工流产已成为青少年的一个重要生殖健康问题。由于我国传统的伦理道德观念的束缚，使未婚先孕者面临来自社会与家庭巨大压力和歧视，心理负担过重。有研究发现，适宜的心理干预对减轻未婚妊娠人工流产患者的痛苦，可缩短手术时间，对预防或避免人工流产综合征等起到重要作用。     

十堰城区青少年婚前性观念的现状

随着生活水平的提高及全球信息化,青少年的青春期明显提前,其意外妊娠等生殖健康问题也更加突出。对青少年妊娠的研究发现,性观念是决定青少年性行为与妊娠的重要因素。为了解青少年对婚前性行为的看法,以采取有效措施尽量减少青少年婚前性行为,提高青少年的生殖健康水平,本文对十堰市城区青少年婚前性观念进行了调查及分析。     

婚前性行为对生殖健康的影响

目的　探讨婚前性行为对生殖健康的影响。方法　调查 42 9例异位妊娠和 5 87例不孕症行腹腔镜检查患者中婚前性行为的发生率 ,分析婚前性行为与受教育程度、初次性交年龄、初次性交时是否采取避孕措施等的关系。结果　异位妊娠患者中婚前性行为发生率为 72 7% ,不孕症患者发生率为 5 6 9% ,总的婚前性行为发生率为 63 6%。婚前性行为与受教育程度无关 (P >0 0 5 )。有婚前性行为组初次性交年龄及初次性交时采取避孕措施率显著低于无婚前性行为组 (P <0 0 5 )。有婚前性行为组、无婚前性行为组的人工流产次数分别为 3 4± 1 9和 1 8± 1 1,差异有显著性 (P <0 0 5 )。不孕症患者腹腔镜下盆腔粘连、输卵管肿胀和积水、完全性输卵管阻塞发生率有婚前性行为组显著高于无婚前性行为组 ,无婚前性行为组原发性不孕症发生率高 ,而有婚前性行为组继发性不孕症发生率高。结论　婚前性行为与意外妊娠、人工流产、生殖道感染、异位妊娠、婚后发生不孕等密切相关 ,严重影响生殖健康     

1000例妇女婚前检查调查

本文对自贡地区１９９４年１１月至１９９５年６月１０００名妇女婚前检查（婚检）资料进行分析，资料显示：有婚前性行为者４２０例，占婚检妇女的４２．００％，其中初婚妇女３０２例，其发率为（３０２／８８２）３４．２４％，正在怀孕的发生率为５．６０％，查出的妇科疾病以阴道炎发病率最高，占婚检妇女的１１．２０％，另检得乙肝表面抗原阳性８４例。本组资料揭示了加强法制教育强化性道德观念和加强妇女保健工作的必要性和     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.