腹腔镜与开腹结肠癌根治术短期疗效对比研究

目的 比较腹腔镜与开腹结肠癌根治术的短期治疗效果.方法 回顾性分析结肠癌行根治性手术治疗患者96例,其中行腹腔镜下结肠癌根治术(腹腔镜组)58例,行开腹结肠癌根治术(开腹组)38例.比较2组患者的手术时间、术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后排气时间、卧床时间、术后住院时间、术后切口感染等.结果 腹腔镜组手术时间明显长于开腹组[(124.5±31.6) min vs(96.3±21.7) min,P＜0.01],术中出血量明显少于开腹组[(54.28±16.1) mL vs(154.33±42.41) mL,P＜0.01],术后肛门排气时间明显短于开腹组[(48.31±12.42)hvs(68.12±15.74)h,P＜0.01],术后住院时间明显短于开腹组[(9.15±2.37)d vs(12.63±3.28)d,P＜0.01],术后卧床时间短于开腹组[(39.21±9.07)hvs(57.33±12.32)h,P＜0.01];腹腔镜组与开腹组的术后并发症差异无统计学意义[10.34％(6/58)vs 13.16％(5/38),P＞0.05],复发率差异无统计学意义[5.17％(3/58)vs5.26％(2/38),P＞0.05],淋巴结清扫数目差异无统计学意义[(21.1±4.2)枚vs(20.8±3.9)枚,P＞0.05].结论 腹腔镜结肠癌根治术在淋巴结廓清扫方面可达到与开腹手术相当的根治切除效果,且手术安全有效,具有创伤小、术后恢复快、术后住院时间短等优点.     

腹腔镜辅助肝左外叶切除治疗肝胆管结石的临床研究

目的:探讨腹腔镜辅助肝左外叶切除治疗肝胆管结石的临床疗效.方法:2008年1月～2011年10月我院为27例肝胆管结石患者行肝左外叶切除术,其中腹腔镜辅助手术12例,开腹手术15例,观察比较两组间手术切口、手术时间、术中出血、术后住院时间、术后并发症的差异.结果:腹腔镜组手术切口明显短于开腹组[(6.1±0.8)cm VS(19.5±2.9)cm,P＜0.05],术后住院时间明显短于开腹组[(9.8±2.1)d VS(12.9±2.8)d,P＜0.01];腹腔镜组手术时间长于开腹组为[(252.1±61.3) min VS(179.3±31.7)min,P＜0.01];腹腔镜组术中出血和术后并发症与开腹组无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论:腹腔镜辅助肝左外叶切除治疗肝胆管结石是安全和可行的.     

腹腔镜与开腹保留输卵管手术治疗输卵管妊娠的临床疗效比较

目的:比较腹腔镜与开腹保留输卵管手术治疗输卵管妊娠的临床效果。方法:对102例保守手术治疗输卵管妊娠的临床资料进行回顾性分析,其中腹腔镜手术治疗52例(腔镜组),开腹手术治疗50例(开腹组),两组病例均采取输卵管开窗术,并在输卵管系膜局部注射50mg甲氨喋呤,观察两组手术效果。结果:腔镜组术中出血量[(82.38±20.88)ml]与开腹组出血量[(82.38±20.88)ml]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腔镜组腹部手术切口长度[(2.44±0.36)cm]明显小于开腹组[(7.62±0.98)cm],两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腔镜组术后曲马多镇痛用量[(253.85±122.41)mg]明显要少于开腹组[(528.00±152.92)mg],其差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腔镜组患者术后首次肛门排气时间[(23.04±4.27)h]与开腹组[(29.64±5.28)h]比较,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);腹腔镜组首次下床活动时间[(10.44±1.86)h]与开腹组[(27.97±3.11)h]比较,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腔镜组住院时间[(4.83±1.46)d]明显短于开腹组[(8.36±2.35)d],差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);腔镜组住院费用[(4.26±0.77)万元]明显高于开腹组[(2.79±0.410)万元],两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腔镜组患者恢复日常工作所需时间[(13.75±2.19)d]明显短于开腹组[(18.64±5.47)d],差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);腔镜组患者术后3个月输卵管通畅率78.85%明显高于开腹组66.00%,两者差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的手术时间、手术并发症发生率、血β-HCG降至正常时间、月经恢复时间及1.5年内同侧重复异位妊娠发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜和开腹保留输卵管手术均能有效治疗输卵管妊娠,但腹腔镜手术具有显著的微创效果,且能提高输卵管通畅率,非常适合有生育要求的女性。     

手助腹腔镜与开腹全直肠系膜切除术治疗直肠癌的临床对比

目的 探讨手助腹腔镜(HALS)直肠癌全直肠系膜切除(TME)根治术的安全性及临床效果.方法 将住院的55例直肠癌患者,分HALS组(22例)和开腹组(33例)进行TME根治术,并对其临床效果进行对比分析.结果 HALS组和开腹组手术均顺利完成,两组平均手术时间差异无显著性[(164.09±43.61)min vs (153.18±43.24)min,P=0.365];两组清扫淋巴结数量差异无显著性[(10.64±2.63)个vs(11.33±3.22)个,P=0.402];两组手术并发症发生率相近(3/22 vs 5/33,P=0.876)及局部复发率相近(1/22 vs 2/33,P=0.808).HALS组术中出血量明显少于开腹组[(82.27±31.95)ml vs(207.24±76.46)ml,P=0.000];肠道功能恢复时间明显早于开腹组[(52.91±12.09)h vs(72.55±10.96)h,P=0.000],术后住院时间明显短于开腹组[(8.73±2.47)d vs(12.76±2.15)d,P=0.000].结论 HALS直肠癌TME根治术具有安全、创伤小、术后恢复快,并可达到开腹手术同样的肿瘤根治效果,值得临床推广应用.     

TLC与HALS治疗急诊梗阻性左半结肠癌或直肠癌的可行性和安全性研究

目的:对分期手术-结肠襻式造口术(TLC)后10～14 d行手助腹腔镜手术(HALS)与开腹手术用于急性梗阻性左半结肠癌或直肠癌切除治疗的安全性以及可行性进行评价.方法:选取2012年3月～2014年3月间于我院接受治疗的45例急诊梗阻性左半结肠癌或直肠癌切除患者,分为结肠襻式造口术后手助腹腔镜的手术(TLC-HALS)组(23例)及开腹组(22例),对两组患者术后的排气时间、下床活动时间、淋巴结清扫个数、术后疼痛时间、围手术期的应急指标和术后短期的并发症情况进行比较分析.结果:两组患者术后排气时间、下床活动时间及淋巴结的清扫个数差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);而术后的疼痛时间TCL-HALS组患者显著短于开腹组患者,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).TLC-HALS组术后的应激指标均出现急剧增高,并且于术后1d达最高水平,与术前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后3d则出现进行性降低,与术前仍有差异(P＜0.05),术后7d各项指标与术前对比已无显著差异(P＞0.05).传统开腹组患者炎症介质的整体水平同样上升,且峰值出现在术后1d,与术前差异有统计学意义(P＜0.01),术后3d数值下降,然而较TLC-HALS组下降稍慢,总体上差异仍具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),术后7d时白细胞和C反应蛋白(CRP)水平稍高于正常值(P＜0.05),两组术后短期并发症无显著差异(P＞0.05).结论:TLC-HALS手术相比传统的开腹手术,创伤更小、术后恢复更迅速,值得进一步推广和应用.     

腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹手术治疗胆结石的临床疗效观察

目的:比较腹腔镜胆囊切除术与开腹胆囊切除术治疗胆结石的临床效果。方法:选取本院接受胆囊切除的50例胆结石患者,随机分为观察组(腹腔镜胆囊切除术)和对照组(开腹胆囊切除术)各25例,对比两组手术效果。结果:观察组术中出血量[(41.58±10.78)mL]、手术时间[(51.59±5.12)min]、肛门排气时间[(11.21±4.32)h]和住院时间[(5.71±2.61)d]均低于对照组术中出血量[(68.54±16.47)mL]、手术时间[(76.18±10.48)min]、肛门排气时间[(24.62±8.37)h]和住院时间[(9.63±1.82)d](P0.05)。观察组并发症发生率12.00%显著低于对照组32.00%(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜胆囊切除治疗胆结石具有创伤小、术后恢复快、并发症少优点,值得临床推广。     

后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术与开放手术的疗效比较

目的:比较后腹腔镜肾癌根治性切除术与开放手术的临床疗效.方法:53例限期行肾肿瘤切除手术的患者分成2组,后腹腔镜组(n=27)和开放手术组(n=26).对两组患者的手术时间、术中失血、止痛剂使用、术后禁食和住院时间等进行统计分析.并对患者长期随访,比较两组的生存率、切口愈合情况及转移情况.结果:两组手术均获成功,后腹腔镜组和开放手术组患者性别构成、肿瘤临床分期、年龄和肿块大小程度具有可比性.后腹腔镜组平均手术时间为(66.66±10.37) min,开放手术组为(69.08±11.22) min,两组间无显著差异.后腹腔镜组住院时间(d)明显少于开放手术组(6.92±0.96 vs 11.42±1.57,P＜0.05);开放手术组术后禁食时间(d)明显多于后腹腔镜组(2±0.68 vs 1±0.36,P＜0.05);术中失血(ml)后腹腔镜组明显少于开放手术组(72.03±19.37 vs 154.4±20.42,P＜0.01);后腹腔镜组术后2人次用止痛剂,开放手术组术后20人次应用哌替啶止痛,两组有显著差异(P＜0.01);后腹腔镜组术后无切口感染,开放手术组术后1例切口感染.随访6～12个月,两组均无肿瘤复发.结论:与传统的根治性肾癌切除术相比,后腹腔镜肾癌根治术具有手术时间短、出血少、住院时间短、康复快、并发症少等优点.     

治疗子宫肌瘤3种手术方式的临床疗效比较

比较经开腹、腹腔镜、射频消融3种途径治疗子宫肌瘤的临床疗效及安全性。方法回顾性分析射频消融治疗子宫肌瘤55例(射频消融组)、经腹式子宫肌瘤剔除术52例(开腹组)、经腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术(腹腔镜组)20例患者的临床资料,比较3组的手术时间、术中出血量、术后排气时间、术后起床活动时间及住院时间。结果射频消融组手术时间为(67.5±31.5)min,明显短于开腹组[(94.5±21.3)min]及腹腔镜组[(131.5±49.2)min](P<0.05);射频消融组术中出血量为(52.4±90.5)mL,明显少于开腹组[(151.6±90.8)mL]及腹腔镜组[(140.6±96.8)mL(P<0.05);射频消融组术后排气时间为[(6.1±2.8)h],明显短于开腹组[(32.4±11.8)h]及腹腔镜组[(28.1±12.8)h](P<0.05);射频消融组术后起床活动时间为(4.2±1.4)h,明显早于开腹组[(24.1±3.8)h]及腹腔镜组[(12.1±2.1)h](P<0.05);射频消融组住院时间为(5.1±2.8)d,明显短于开腹组[(8.9±1.2)d](P<0.05),与腹腔镜组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论射频消融较腹式及腹腔镜下子宫肌瘤剔除术创伤小,术中出血少,并发症少,恢复快。     

腹腔镜微创手术对卵巢良性肿瘤的卵巢功能与免疫功能的保护作用

目的探讨腹腔镜微创手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤卵巢功能与免疫功能的保护作用。方法选择2012年1月至2015年9月北京市海淀医院接诊的108例卵巢良性肿瘤的患者为研究对象。采用随机数字法将患者分为腹腔镜组(52例)和开腹手术组(56例)。腹腔镜组患者行腹腔镜微创手术治疗;开腹手术组行传统开腹手术治疗。比较两组患者的术后排气时间、住院时间、下床活动时间、手术出血量、并发症发生情况以及卵巢功能[雌二醇、黄体生成素(LH)、促卵泡激素(FSH)]和免疫功能[免疫球蛋白(Ig)G、Ig A、Ig E]的恢复情况。结果腹腔镜组患者术中出血量、术后排气时间、住院时间、下床活动时间、住院费用均显著少于开腹手术组[(10.8±2.8)m L比(48.3±5.5)m L、(1.0±0.3)d比(1.9±0.4)d、(5.2±0.7)d比(8.0±0.9)d、(1.2±0.3)d比(1.9±0.9)d、(4 220±221)元比(6 078±200)元](P<0.05);腹腔镜组术后镇痛率和并发症发生率低于开腹手术组(P<0.05);治疗后两组患者雌二醇水平较治疗前降低,LH、FSH水平较治疗前升高(P<0.05);治疗后腹腔镜组雌二醇水平低于开腹手术组[(60.0±3.6)mmol/L比(66.6±4.8)mmol/L],LH、FSH水平高于开腹手术组[(17.0±1.1)U/L比(11.4±1.1)U/L、(20.0±1.6)U/L比(12.7±1.5)U/L](P<0.05);治疗后腹腔镜组Ig G、Ig A高于开腹手术组(13.1±1.8)g/L比(10.8±1.7)g/L、(1.9±0.1)g/L比(1.4±0.3)g/L,Ig E低于开腹手术组[(121±28)g/L比(145±27)g/L,P<0.05]。结论腹腔镜微创手术治疗卵巢良性肿瘤效果良好,可缩短手术时间、减少术中出血量,保护卵巢功能与免疫功能,值得在临床中推广应用。     

改良腹腔镜结肠次全切除术治疗顽固性慢运输型便秘

目的 探讨腹腔镜结肠次全切除术治疗顽固性慢运输型便秘的可行性.方法 将31例惠顽固性慢运输型便秘需手术治疗的患者分成两组,一组行改良腹腔镜结肠次全切除术(A组),另一组施行开腹结肠次全切除术(B组),比较两组的手术时间、手术切口长度、手术中出血量、手术后疼痛、肠道功能恢复时间、治疗效果、切口愈合.结果 两组手术时间、治疗效果差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);术中出血量A组较B组少、切口长度A组较B组短、镇痛药用药次数A组较B组少、肠道恢复时间A组较B组短、切口一期愈合率A组>B组(P<0.05).结论 改良腹腔镜结肠次全切除术治疗顽固性慢运输型便秘优于传统开腹结肠次全切除术,是一种值得推广应用的术式.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.     

Scientific principles and rigorous processes should be followed in developing clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine

A clinical guideline for the therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine may be defined as a written document which states a series of recommendations on therapeutic interventions of integrative medicine for a special disease or condition. The guideline may provide assistance to medical professionals in making clinical decisions aimed at improving the clinical outcome of patients and reducing the costs of medical care（~＇4~. Recommendations issued by a guideline should be based on the best available evidence in both Western and Chinese medicine. For fulfilling this purpose, the development of clinical guidelines for therapeutic interventions in the field of integrative medicine should follow scientific principles and undergo a rigorous processes.