熊果酸联合顺铂对卵巢癌干细胞的增殖、凋亡、侵袭和迁移的影响

目的:观察熊果酸（ursolic acid,UA）联合顺铂(DDP)对卵巢癌干细胞增殖、凋亡、侵袭及迁移能力的影响及其作用机制。方法:通过体外无血清悬浮培养人卵巢癌SKOV3干细胞并进行细胞鉴定。实验分为SKOV3干细胞组、熊果酸组、熊果酸联合顺铂组。MTT法检测干细胞的增殖,Transwell实验检测干细胞侵袭与迁移能力,采用Annexin V/PI双染法流式细胞术检测干细胞凋亡。Real-time PCR检测上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）相关标记分子Vimentin、N-cadherin、E-cadherin、Fibronectin、Twist的mRNA表达情况,Western-blot检测E-cadherin、Vimentin、Twist蛋白表达情况。结果:熊果酸对SKOV3干细胞增殖有显著抑制作用,呈剂量依赖性（P＜0.05）;流式细胞术显示熊果酸组、熊果酸联合顺铂组均可提高SKOV3干细胞的凋亡率,与SKOV3干细胞组相比有统计学差异（P＜0.05）;熊果酸组、熊果酸联合顺铂组可有效抑制SKOV3干细胞的侵袭和迁移能力（P＜0.05）;Real-time PCR测定熊果酸组、熊果酸联合顺铂组作用SKOV3干细胞后EMT基因表达水平,结果显示Fibronectin、Twist、Vimentin、N-cadherin表达降低,E-cadherin表达升高（P＜0.05）;Western-blot结果显示熊果酸组、熊果酸联合顺铂组可上调E-cadherin蛋白的表达,下调Vimentin、Twist蛋白的表达;与熊果酸组相比,熊果酸联合顺铂组对干细胞凋亡率更高,迁移和侵袭能力更低,E-cadherin表达更高,Vimentin和Twist表达更低,以上差异均有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论:熊果酸对卵巢癌干细胞有抑制增殖、侵袭和迁移,诱导凋亡的作用,联合顺铂作用效果更优,其机制可能与逆转EMT有关。     

柠檬酸合成酶对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞上皮间质转化的影响

目的:探讨柠檬酸合成酶（citrate synthase,CS）对上皮性卵巢癌（epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC）细胞SKOV3上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transformation,EMT）及生物学行为的影响。方法:利用Lipofectamine 2000体外瞬时转染化学法合成的CS siRNA,通过实时荧光定量PCR（quantitative real-time PCR,qRT-PCR)和Western blot检测转染效率;Transwell实验检测转染前后SKOV3细胞侵袭和迁移能力的变化;Western blot检测转染前后上皮标记分子E-cadherin、间质标记分子Vimentin蛋白水平和Wnt通路关键分子β-catenin蛋白水平,实时荧光定量PCR检测转染前后EMT相关转录因子Slug、Snail和Twist的mRNA水平。结果:siRNA干扰序列显著降低SKOV3细胞中CS表达;CS低表达显著抑制SKOV3细胞的侵袭和迁移能力,促进上皮标记分子E-cadherin表达,抑制间质标记分子Vimentin表达,降低Wnt通路关键分子β-catenin表达;EMT相关转录因子Snail和Twist表达显著降低(P＜0.001,P＜0.01),Slug表达下降不显著(P＞0.05)。结论:CS低表达显著抑制卵巢癌SKOV3细胞EMT,其机制可能是通过降低Snail和Twist转录因子实现的,为卵巢癌的转移治疗提供初步的实验及理论基础。     

ROR1对人肺癌A549细胞上皮-间质转化的影响

目的 探讨受体酪氨酸激酶样孤儿受体-1（receptor tyrosine kinase-like orphan receptor,ROR1）诱导人肺癌A549细胞上皮-间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition, EMT）的作用及可能机制。方法 构建ROR1慢病毒表达载体,感染A549细胞筛选稳定过表达ROR1的A549细胞,采用划痕实验、Transwell实验检测A549细胞的侵袭和迁移能力; real-time PCR、Western blot分别检测ROR1、EMT相关标志物的表达。结果 过表达ROR1能够促进A549细胞向间质样细胞表型转化,Western blot结果显示Vimentin、N-cadherin表达上调, E-cadherin表达下调;划痕实验、Transwell结果显示细胞侵袭迁移能力显著增强（P=0.0023）;Western blot结果显示过表达ROR1能够上调EMT转录因子Snail的表达,干扰Snail能够逆转ROR1诱导的EMT,即下调Vimentin、N-cadherin表达,上调E-cadherin表达;划痕实验、Transwell结果显示干扰Snail显著降低细胞侵袭迁移能力（P=0.013）;进一步研究发现ROR1通过激活AKT信号而促进Snail的表达。结论 ROR1能够促进人肺癌A549细胞EMT转化,其机制可能与ROR1调控AKT/Snail信号有关。     

siRNA沉默LOX基因对鼻咽癌细胞侵袭及迁移能力的影响

目的:探讨RNAi干扰赖氨酰氧化酶基因(LOX)后对鼻咽癌细胞5-8F侵袭及迁移能力的影响。方法:设计并构建针对LOX基因的RNAi片段,脂质体介导siRNA-LOX-01（siRNA-LOX-01 组）和siRNA-LOX-02（siRNA-LOX-02组）转染5-8F细胞,同时设非特异性干扰片段为对照组。应用实时荧光定量PCR、免疫印迹试验检测转染后各组LOX的mRNA和蛋白表达及上皮间质转化（EMT）相关指标E-cadherin、N-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail、Slug、MMP9 等的表达变化;细胞黏附实验、基底膜侵袭实验和细胞划痕实验分别研究LOX基因沉默后对5-8F细胞侵袭及迁移能力的影响。结果:与对照组相比,siRNA-LOX-01组和siRNA-LOX-02组LOX表达在mRNA 及蛋白水平下降,细胞的迁移速率变慢,穿膜细胞数减少,细胞黏附率增加(均P<0.05),E-cadherin的表达增加,N-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail、Slug及MMP9的表达减少。结论:干扰LOX能明显抑制鼻咽癌细胞的侵袭及迁移能力,作用机制可能与N-cadherin、Vimentin、Snail、Slug及MMP9蛋白表达下调有关,LOX有望成为治疗鼻咽癌的有效靶点。     

miR-139-5p通过靶向Notch1抑制上皮性卵巢癌细胞的增殖与侵袭

目的：探讨miR-139-5p靶向Notch1抑制上皮性卵巢癌（epithelial ovarian cancer,EOC）细胞增殖和侵袭的作用机制。方法：选取2018年1月至2018年12月在河南省南阳市中心医院妇科手术切除的24例EOC患者的癌和相应的癌旁组织标本,以及人卵巢癌细胞系SKOV3、ES2、HEY-T30和人卵巢上皮细胞株IOSE80,用qPCR检测EOC组织和细胞系中miR-139-5p和Notch1 mRNA的表达。将过表达miR-139-5p载体、重组质粒pLV-Notch1转染至SKOV3细胞,并设置空白对照组（Ctrl组）和阴性对照组（NC组）,用双荧光素酶报告基因实验验证miR-139-5p与Notch1 3’-UTR靶向关系,用CCK-8、Transwell、划痕愈合实验分别检测细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力,用Western blotting检测细胞中增殖和迁移相关蛋白的表达。结果：与癌旁组织和IOSE80细胞比较,EOC组织和细胞系中miR-139-5p表达显著降低、Notch1 mRNA表达显著升高（均P<0.01）。双荧光素酶报告基因实验结果证实,Notch1是miR-139-5p的靶基因。与NC组比较,miR-139-5p mimic组3 d时SKOV3细胞的增殖、侵袭、迁移能力和Notch1、NICD、Cyclin D1、Cyclin A1、Snail1、β-catenin及N-cadherin表达水平均明显降低（均P<0.01）,E-cadherin表达水平明显升高（P<0.01）;同时过表达Notch1可逆转miR-139-5p抑制SKOV3细胞增殖、侵袭与迁移的作用。结论：miR-139-5p可靶向Notch1抑制EOC细胞的增殖、侵袭和迁移能力,可能与其下调NICD、Cyclin D1、Cyclin A1、Snail1、β-catenin、N-cadherin而上调E-cadherin的表达水平有关。     

沉默SDC1通过ERK信号通路促进胆囊癌细胞的侵袭和迁移

目的:观察沉默黏结蛋白聚糖1（syndecan-1,SDC1）对胆囊癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力的影响,并探讨其分子机制。方法:采用RNA干扰技术敲低胆囊癌细胞系GBC-SD中SDC1的表达,Western blot和qRT-PCR验证转染效果;Transwell侵袭实验、划痕愈合实验检测细胞侵袭和迁移能力;Western blot分析ERK1/2、p-ERK1/2、Snail、E-cadherin和N-cadherin蛋白表达。结果:成功构建SDC1低表达的胆囊癌细胞系;转染后各组细胞SDC1 蛋白和mRNA表达水平显著低于shNC组（P＜0.05）;与BC组和NC组相比,shSDC1组细胞侵袭和迁移能力明显提高（P＜0.01）;与BC组和NC组相比,shSDC1组细胞p-ERK1/2、Snail、N-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著上调,而E-cadherin蛋白表达水平显著降低。结论:沉默SDC1可能通过ERK信号通路促进胆囊癌细胞的侵袭和迁移。     

咪达唑仑通过下调miR-4295表达抑制卵巢癌SKOV3细胞恶性生物学行为的机制

目的:探讨咪达唑仑(midazolam, MDZ)对卵巢癌SKOV3细胞恶性生物学行为的影响及其可能作用机制。方法:体外培养人卵巢癌SKOV3细胞并分为Con组、L-MDZ组、M-MDZ组、H-MDZ组、anti-miR-NC组、anti-miR-4295组、H-MDA+miR-NC组、H-MDA+miR-4295组;CCK-8法、平板克隆形成实验检测细胞增殖;划痕实验与Transwell实验分别检测细胞迁移及侵袭;qRT-PCR法检测卵巢癌组织、正常卵巢组织与SKOV3细胞中miR-4295的表达量;Western blot法检测E-cadherin、N-cadherin蛋白表达量。结果:与Con组比较,L-MDZ组、M-MDZ组、H-MDZ组细胞增殖抑制率和E-cadherin蛋白水平升高(P<0.05),细胞克隆形成数和侵袭细胞数减少(P<0.05),miR-4295的表达量、划痕愈合率和N-cadherin蛋白水平降低(P<0.05),且呈剂量依赖性;与正常卵巢组织比较,卵巢癌组织中miR-4295的表达量升高(P<0.05);与anti-miR-NC组...     

LSD1调控Foxo3a对卵巢癌细胞增殖和迁移的影响

 目的 探讨赖氨酸特异性去甲基化酶1（LSD1）如何通过调控转录因子Foxo3a影响卵巢癌细胞增殖和迁移。方法 实验组A：取诱导型稳定干扰LSD1表达的人卵巢癌HO8910细胞株（HO8910-LSD1-shRNA）分为观察组和对照组,蛋白质印迹法检测LSD1和Foxo3a蛋白表达水平;实验组B：将HO8910-LSD1-shRNA细胞分为对照组、Dox组、A6730组和联合组,CCK-8检测各组细胞增殖抑制率,Transwell小室检测各组细胞迁移能力,蛋白质印迹法检测EMT相关蛋白表达。结果 在实验组A中,观察组LSD1蛋白水平随Dox浓度增加逐渐下降,而Foxo3a蛋白表达水平逐渐升高。在实验组B中,与对照组比较,Dox组、A6730组和联合组细胞增殖抑制率、细胞迁移率均显著减少（均P<0.05）;联合组较Dox组,细胞增殖抑制率、细胞迁移率均显著减少（均P<0.05）。与对照组比较,Dox组、A6730组和联合组E-cadherin蛋白表达水平明显升高,而N-cadherin和Snail蛋白水平降低。与Dox组和A6730组比较,联合组E-cadherin表达量增加,而N-cadherin及Snail表达量减少。结论 敲低LSD1基因表达可以上调转录因子Foxo3a蛋白水平,从而抑制卵巢癌HO8910细胞增殖和转移。     

缺氧微环境下HIF-1α对胰腺癌细胞上皮间质转化及侵袭迁移的影响

目的:探讨缺氧微环境下缺氧诱导因子-1α（hypoxia inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α）对胰腺癌细胞上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）及侵袭迁移的影响。方法:首先比较缺氧和常氧培养的胰腺癌细胞形态和体外侵袭迁移能力,以及HIF-1α和EMT相关因子的表达水平。然后通过HIF-1α抑制剂YC-1和siRNA基因沉默分别从蛋白和mRNA水平抑制HIF-1α的表达,检测缺氧培养的胰腺癌细胞体外侵袭迁移能力,以及EMT相关基因的表达水平。结果:形态学和分子水平证实缺氧诱导人胰腺癌细胞株AsPC-1、Capan-2、Panc-1的EMT改变,增强其体外侵袭和迁移能力。缺氧上调HIF-1α、Snail、N-cadherin的表达,下调E-cadherin的表达。抑制HIF-1α的表达后,Snail和N-cadherin表达下调,E-cadherin表达上调,并且体外侵袭迁移能力降低。结论:HIF-1α介导EMT在缺氧促进胰腺癌细胞侵袭迁移中发挥重要作用。     

下调叉头框转录因子3a促进鼻咽癌侵袭转移

目的 探讨下调叉头框转录因子3a（FOXO3a）对促进鼻咽癌侵袭转移的影响。方法 慢病毒shRNA和空载病毒液Mock shRNA按复感染指数（multiplicity of infection,MOI）为50转染鼻咽癌CNE2和HNE1细胞,构建低表达FOXO3a的稳定转染细胞。采用Western blot、Real-time PCR检测其转染效率。划痕实验和Transwell 实验检测下调FOXO3a对诱导鼻咽癌细胞侵袭转移的影响。Western blot检测上皮间质转化（epithelial-mesenchymal transition,EMT）相关蛋白 E-cadherin、Vimentin、N-cadherin、Twist和Snail的表达,免疫荧光检测EMT相关蛋白定位。Western blot和Real-time PCR检测基质金属蛋白酶MMP2和MMP9的表达。结果 成功构建低表达FOXO3a稳定转染鼻咽癌CNE2和HNE1细胞。划痕实验和Transwell 实验结果显示,与空载体转染鼻咽癌细胞比较,低表达FOXO3a稳定转染鼻咽癌细胞的侵袭和转移能力增强,EMT相关蛋白E-cadherin表达下调,而Vimentin、N-cadherin、Twist和Snail表达显著升高,MMP2和MMP9表达亦升高。结论 下调FOXO3a可促进鼻咽癌的侵袭转移。     

HPIP promotes epithelial-mesenchymal transition and cisplatin resistance in ovarian cancer cells through PI3K/AKT pathway activation

Purpose

Hematopoietic PBX interacting protein (HPIP), a scaffold protein, is known to regulate the proliferation, migration and invasion in different cancer cell types. The aim of this study was to assess the role of HPIP in ovarian cancer cell migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), and to unravel the mechanism by which it regulates these processes.

Methods

HPIP expression was assessed by immunohistochemistry of tissue microarrays containing primary ovarian tumor samples of different grades. OAW42, an ovarian carcinoma-derived cell line exhibiting a high HPIP expression, was used to study the role of HPIP in cell migration, invasion and EMT. HPIP knockdown in these cells was achieved using a small hairpin RNA (shRNA) approach. Cell migration and invasion were assessed using scratch wound and transwell invasion assays, respectively. The extent of EMT was assessed by determining the expression levels of Snail, Vimentin and E-cadherin using Western blotting. The effect of HPIP expression on AKT and MAPK activation was also investigated by Western blotting. Cell viabilities in response to cisplatin treatment were assessed using a MTT assay, whereas apoptosis was assessed by determining caspase-3 and PARP cleavage in ovarian carcinoma-derived SKOV3 cells.

Results

We found that HPIP is highly expressed in high-grade primary ovarian tumors. In addition, we found that HPIP promotes the migration, invasion and EMT in OAW42 cells and induces EMT in these cells via activation of the PI3K/AKT pathway. The latter was found to lead to stabilization of the Snail protein and to repression of E-cadherin expression through inactivation of GSK-3β. We also found that HPIP expression confers cisplatin resistance to SKOV3 cells after prolonged exposure and that its subsequent knockdown decreases the viability of these cells and increases caspase-3 activation and PARP proteolysis in these cells following cisplatin treatment.

Conclusions

From these results we conclude that HPIP expression is associated with high-grade ovarian tumors and may promote their migration, invasion and EMT, a process that is associated with metastasis. In addition, we conclude that HPIP may serve as a potential therapeutic target for cisplatin resistant ovarian tumors.

     

外源性AKT1增强上皮性卵巢癌细胞侵袭和迁移能力的机制

探讨AKT1基因对上皮性卵巢癌SKOV3细胞迁移和侵袭能力的影响及相关分子机制。方法 针对AKT1基因,设计并构建shRNA质粒和真核表达质粒,双向调节SKOV3细胞中AKT1的表达,运用RT-PCR和western blot检测转染效率。运用Wound healing和Transwell-Matrigel方法检测转染前后细胞迁移和侵袭能力的变化。RT-PCR法检测与细胞运动侵袭相关分子CXCR4、VEGF、MMP-2、MMP-9和uPA在mRNA水平的表达变化。结果 成功构建AKT1基因的真核表达质粒pEF-1α-AKT1和靶向抑制AKT1基因的shRNA表达质粒pRNAT-AKT1。转染上皮性卵巢癌SKOV3细胞后,能有效调控p-AKT表达。参照未转染组和空载体转染组,外源性AKT1促进细胞迁移和侵袭,CXCR4、VEGF、MMP-2和uPA的mRNA表达水平升高。shRNA靶向抑制AKT1基因的表达可抑制细胞迁移和侵袭,CXCR4、VEGF、MMP-2和uPA的mRNA表达水平下降。结论 AKT1可能通过调控CXCR4、VEGF、MMP-2和uPA的转录水平来影响细胞侵袭和运动能力。     

人滋养层细胞表面抗原2的表达在卵巢癌侵袭转移中的作用及其机制

目的探讨人滋养层细胞表面抗原2(Trop2)在卵巢癌侵袭和转移中的作用及其分子机制。方法通过对Cancer Cell Line Encyclopedia(CCLE)和The Cancer Genome Atlas(TCGA)数据库进行数据挖掘,分析Trop2表达的临床意义。采用Western blot法检测卵巢癌细胞系A3O、A1780和SKOV3中Trop2蛋白的表达。采用Trop2-shRNA构建SKOV3-shRNA细胞模型,以定量逆转录聚合酶链反应检测SKOV3-shRNA和SKOV3-NC组细胞中SKOV3 mRNA的表达,以细胞计数盒8法检测SKOV3-shRNA组和SKOV3-NC组细胞的增殖,以流式细胞仪检测SKOV3-shRNA和SKOV3-NC组细胞的细胞周期和凋亡,以Transwell实验检测SKOV3-shRNA和SKOV3-NC组细胞的侵袭和迁移,以Western blot法检测SKOV3-shRNA和SKOV3-NC组细胞中AKT、p-AKT、β-catenin、caspase3、bcl-2、E-cadherin和vimentin蛋白的表达。结果 Trop2 mRNA在卵巢癌中高表达,其表达高低与肿瘤分期有关,也与患者预后有关。与A3O细胞比较,A1780和SKOV3细胞高表达Trop2蛋白(P<0.05)。SKOV3-NC组和SKOV3-shRNA组中Trop2 mRNA的相对表达量分别为1.18±0.24和0.42±0.08,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。SKOV3-NC组细胞的活力明显高于SKOV3-shRNA组(P<0.05)。SKOV3-NC和SKOV3-shRNA组G₀/G₁期细胞的比例分别为(38.67±4.22)%和(60.24±8.17)%,SKOV3-shRNA组细胞阻滞于G₀/G₁期(P<0.05)。SKOV3-shRNA组细胞的凋亡率为(26.32±1.81)%,明显高于SKOV3-NC组[(6.54±1.32)%,P<0.05]。SKOV3-shRNA组和SKOV3-NC组SKOV3细胞的迁移细胞数分别为(1 255.83±108.44)个/视野和(1 679.71±213.92)个/视野,侵袭细胞数分别为(242.49±52.09)个/视野和(473.54±73.11)个/视野,与SKOV3-NC组比较,SKOV3-shRNA组的迁移和侵袭细胞数均明显减少(均P<0.05)。SKOV3-shRNA细胞中p-AKT、bcl-2、vimentin、β-catenin表达下调,caspase3、E-cadherin表达上调,总AKT没有明显变化。结论 Trop2的表达与卵巢癌分期和预后有关,Trop2可通过激活AKT/β-catenin信号通路促进卵巢癌细胞增殖和转移,沉默Trop2的表达可以抑制卵巢癌进展。     

角鲨烯环氧化酶对卵巢癌细胞生物学行为的影响及其机制探讨

目的:观察角鲨烯环氧化酶（squalene epoxidase,SQLE）对卵巢癌细胞增殖、迁移、侵袭和凋亡的影响,并从上皮间质转化(epithelial mesenchymal transformation,EMT)方向探究其可能的机制。方法:通过搜索GEPIA和Western blotting、qRT-PCR确定SQLE是否存在差异表达;Kaplan-Meier Plotter在线网站评估SQLE与卵巢癌预后的关系;构建稳定敲减SQLE的A2780细胞株和稳定过表达SQLE的ES-2细胞株,Western blotting、qRT-PCR检测敲减和过表达效率;MTT和集落克隆实验、划痕实验及Transwell小室分别用于检测细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力的变化;流式细胞术检测凋亡变化;Western blotting检测Ki67、EMT、凋亡、Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白的表达。结果:SQLE在卵巢癌组织和细胞中表达水平明显高于正常卵巢组织和细胞(P＜0.05);SQLE表达水平与卵巢癌预后明显相关(P＜0.05);敲减SQLE后细胞增殖、迁移及侵袭能力减弱(P＜0.05)、细胞凋亡增加(P＜0.05),并导致Ki67、EMT、凋亡以及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白的变化(P＜0.05),过表达SQLE时趋势则相反;XAV-939可逆转过表达SQLE的ES-2细胞中相关蛋白表达水平的变化。结论:SQLE可能通过激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路增强卵巢癌细胞的增殖、迁移及侵袭能力,抑制其凋亡,并促进上皮间质转化。     

CD44 enhances the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in association with colon cancer invasion

The metastatic process involves the migration and invasion of cancer cells throughout the body to produce secondary tumors at distant sites. Through of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cells employ developmental processes to gain migratory and invasive properties. CD44 is the transmembrane adhesion receptor for Hyaluronan (HA) and plays a central role in the remodeling and degradation of HA that leads to cell migration, as well as to cancer invasion and metastasis. CD44 is highly expressed in primary and metastatic colon cancer but lowly expressed in normal tissues. We evaluated the impact of CD44 on EMT and invasion of colon cancer cells. The functional role of CD44 in EMT was determined by the overexpression or knockdown of CD44. CD44 was overexpressed by transfection with plasmid-RT-PCR product and knockdown of CD44 by small hairpin RNA (shRNA)-mediated depletion of CD44 in SW480 colon cancer cells. Morphological changes were evaluated by confocal laser microscopy in the culture media. The expression of EMT markers (E-cadherin/N-cadherin/vimentin/fibronectin/actin/MMPs) and CD44/EGFR/PI3K-Akt signaling were evaluated using western blotting. The influence of EMT in tumor biology was assessed with proliferation, migration and invasion assays. EMT changes increased in CD44-overexpressing SW480 cells and decreased in CD44 knockdown cells. CD44 activation induced expression of EGFR and activation of phosphatidylinositol 3' kinase (PI3K)/Akt and expression of glycogen synthase kinase-3 β (GSK-3β). In terms of EMT markers, CD44 downregulated E-cadherin expression, upregulated N-cadherin, α-actin, vimentin, fibronectin and MT1-MMP, and inhibited the formation of the membrane-associated E-cadherin-β-catenin complex, which resulted in cell invasion and migration.