蝙蝠葛碱对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌舒张作用的研究

目的:研究蝙蝠葛碱(Dauricine,Dau)对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用及机制。方法:取豚鼠气管制成气管片,运用离体器官实验的方法,记录蝙蝠葛碱对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用和在不同通道及受体阻滞剂孵育的条件下对豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用的变化。结果:蝙蝠葛碱对离体气管平滑肌有明显的舒张作用,在60～120μmol/L的浓度之间舒张效果具有明显的浓度依赖性(P<0.05)。硝苯地平+Dau组在80～160μmol/L浓度下舒张离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用较Dau组弱(P<0.05)。普萘洛尔+Dau组在60～120μmol/L浓度下舒张离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用较Dau组弱(P<0.05),在120～160μmol/L浓度下舒张离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用与Dau组相近(P>0.05)。结论:蝙蝠葛碱对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌有明显的舒张作用,其机制可能是通过阻断Ca2+通道和激动气管平滑肌上的β2受体有关。     

异甘草素的抗哮喘活性及其机制

目的观察异甘草素(ISL)对豚鼠离体和在体气管平滑肌的松弛作用,并对其作用机制进行探讨。方法采用豚鼠离体气管螺旋条法、喷雾致喘法和改良肺溢流法观察ISL对豚鼠气管平滑肌的舒张作用。结果ISL对乙酰胆碱、氯化钾、组胺诱发的气管收缩有明显的舒张作用;ChTX和ODQ预孵育明显减少了ISL对离体气管平滑肌的舒张作用;ISL可显著延长豚鼠引喘潜伏期和对抗组胺所致豚鼠肺溢流量的增加。结论ISL对豚鼠气道平滑肌具有明显的舒张作用,其机制很可能通过激活鸟苷酸环化酶,提高细胞中cGMP水平,开放Ca~(2 )激活的钾通道。     

复方地龙汤对变态反应性哮喘的影响

目的：探讨复方地龙汤抗动物变态反应性哮喘的作用。方法：采用组胺喷雾致豚鼠哮喘法：致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌过敏性收缩实验法；离体气管片法：肺支气管灌流法进行试验。结果：复方地龙汤水煎液对喷入组胺致喘的豚鼠。能使其哮喘潜伏期延长（P〈0．01）；能使致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌过敏性收缩有非常显著的抑制作用（P〈0．01）；在抗组胺实验中，对给予组胺后的豚鼠离体气管片有非常显著的舒张作用（P〈0．01）；使肺支气管灌流速度加快，灌流量增加（P〈0．01）。结论：复方地龙汤求煎液对由各种过敏递质引起的哮喘．有显著的抑制作用。这可能是因为其对在体、离体气管平滑肌均有松弛作用．并拮抗组胺等过敏递质对气道的炎性反应和具有激动体内β-受体和免疫系统。从而发挥其作用的。     

牡荆素抗豚鼠哮喘活性研究

目的研究牡荆素对豚鼠在体和离体气管平滑肌的舒张作用，并对其作用机制进行探讨。方法建立豚鼠哮喘模型，采用豚鼠离体气管条法，观察牡荆素对豚鼠气管平滑肌的舒张作用。结果牡荆素在测试剂量范围内灌胃给药1h后，能够显著延长豚鼠引喘潜伏期，组间差值比较，差异均有统计学意义（P〈O．05）；对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌基础张力无明显影响；对乙酰胆碱、氯化钾、组胺诱发的气管收缩具有明显的舒张作用；同时，吲哚美辛预孵育能够明显减少牡荆素对离体气管条的舒张作用。结论牡荆素具有明显的平喘和舒张气管平滑肌作用．其作用机制可能与促进前列腺素合成有关。     

川芎嗪注射液对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌作用机制探讨

目的 :研究川芎嗪对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用及机制。方法 :取豚鼠气管制成气管片 ,用体外实验方法分别记录川芎嗪对豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用以及在钙通道和不同受体阻断剂孵育的条件下对豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用的变化。结果 :川芎嗪对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌有明显的舒张作用 (P <0 .0 1) ,呈剂量依赖性 (10 -5.5～ 10 -3 mol·L-1) ,其作用可以被普萘洛尔 (心得安 )所拮抗 ;其与硝苯地平有协同舒张气管平滑肌的作用 ;M受体阻滞剂阿托品对川芎嗪的作用无明显影响。结论 :川芎嗪对离体豚鼠气管平滑肌有明显的舒张作用 ,其机制很可能是通过作用于气管平滑肌上的 β2 受体 ,抑制细胞外Ca2 的内流而导致气管平滑肌的舒张。     

硫酸寡糖对豚鼠气管平滑肌的作用

目的 观察硫酸寡糖对组胺(His)、乙酰胆碱(Ach)引起的正常豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩的影响、对卵白蛋白(OVA)致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌受到OVA攻击时引起收缩的影响及对吸入His引起的正常整体豚鼠哮喘的影响。方法 采用豚鼠离体气管片法、致敏豚鼠离体气管Schultz-Dale法和整体动物引喘法。结果 硫酸寡糖能显著抑制His引起的正常豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩,但对Ach引起的正常豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩无显著抑制作用;能显著抑制OVA诱发的致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌的收缩;能显著延长His引喘潜伏期,使抽搐动物数减少。结论 硫酸寡糖具有抗His、抗过敏和平喘作用。     

地龙汤对豚鼠气道变态反应的影响

目的:探讨地龙汤对动物气道过敏反应的影响。方法:采用组胺喷雾致豚鼠过敏性哮喘法;致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌过敏性收缩实验法;抗组胺药实验法进行试验。结果:地龙汤水煎液能使致敏豚鼠离体气管平滑肌过敏性收缩有显著的抑制作用(P<0.01);在抗组胺实验中,对给予组胺后的豚鼠离体气管片有显著的舒张作用(P<0.01)和使肺支气管灌流速度加快,灌流量增加(P<0.01);对喷入组胺致喘的豚鼠,能使其哮喘潜伏期延长(P<0.01)。结论:地龙汤水煎液对气道变态反应性炎症有抗变态反应的作用,对组胺所致过敏性哮喘有阻抗作用。     

蒙药紫花高乌头醇提物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌的作用及机制

目的观察蒙药紫花高乌头醇提物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌张力的影响,探讨紫花高乌头醇提物的平喘机制。方法用离体气管环法观察紫花高乌头醇提物高、中、低3种不同剂量作用于由乙酰胆碱(Ach)预收缩的豚鼠离体气管平滑肌,观察其对平滑肌张力的影响及对Ach诱发的离体气管平滑肌收缩的量效曲线的影响。结果蒙药紫花高乌头醇提物可舒张由Ach诱发的豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩,且舒张作用随剂量增加而加强。紫花高乌头醇提物能使Ach诱发的豚鼠离体气管平滑肌收缩效应的量效曲线右移,最大效能降低。结论蒙药紫花高乌头醇提物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌有舒张作用,可能与非竞争性拮抗Ach的收缩作用有关。     

薯蓣皂苷元衍生物的制备及对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌的作用

目的 研究薯蓣皂苷元及其衍生物的制备及对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌的作用.方法 采用酰化和还原的方法合成衍生物;药理学实验在豚鼠离体气管模型上进行.结果 合成了11个薯蓣皂苷元衍生物(化合物Ⅰ～Ⅺ);薯蓣皂苷元及其衍生物对豚鼠离体气管平滑肌都有不同程度的舒张作用.结论 经1HNMR、13CNMR鉴定了所合成衍生物的结构;首次发现薯蓣皂苷元对离体豚鼠气管条有舒张作用,其3位的结构修饰可以提高其活性.     

白屈菜总生物碱对豚鼠的平喘作用

目的:观察白屈菜总生物碱的平喘作用。方法:采用磷酸组织胺-氯化乙酰胆碱、卵蛋白引喘诱发豚鼠喘息模型,观察药物对出现喘息性抽搐的潜伏期及抽搐跌倒动物数的影响;采用豚鼠离体肺支气管灌流和离体完整豚鼠气管毛细管试验,测定药物对气管张力的影响。结果:TACM可明显延长引喘潜伏期(P<0.05),减少抽搐跌倒动物数;明显增加肺支气管的灌流量(P<0.05);松弛离体完整气管平滑肌,并可抑制组织胺收缩气管平滑肌效应。结论:TACM有显著的平喘作用。     

黄山贡菊泻下作用的实验研究

目的　观察黄山贡菊对正常小鼠和便秘小鼠大、小肠蠕动的影响 ,初步探讨其泻下作用。方法　按常规方法观察黄山贡菊对正常小鼠和便秘小鼠小肠墨汁推进作用 ,并计算百分率 ,评价对小鼠小肠蠕动的影响 ;观察 2组小鼠首次出现含墨汁粪便的潜伏期及 6h内排出含墨汁粪便的颗粒总数 ,评价对小鼠大肠蠕动的影响。结果黄山贡菊大、小剂量组均能提高正常小鼠和便秘小鼠的小肠墨汁推进百分率 ,可缩短便秘小鼠首次出现含墨汁粪便的潜伏期 ,增加 6h内排出的含墨汁粪便颗粒总数。结论　黄山贡菊对正常小鼠和便秘小鼠大、小肠蠕动均有较强促进作用 ,尤其对便秘小鼠的作用更明显 ,提示黄山贡菊具有泻下作用。     

复方胃肠安胶囊的药效学研究

目的:探讨中草药复方胃肠安胶囊(WCAC)的主要药效。方法:采用离体回肠观察WCAC对乙酰胆碱引起平滑肌收缩的影响。采用扭体法、二甲苯致耳廓肿胀及腹腔注射醋酸方法分别观察WCAC的镇痛及抗炎消肿作用。运用炭末法观察对小肠蠕动的影响。结果:WCAC明显抑制乙酰胆碱引起的回肠平滑肌收缩,缩短炭末在小肠的推进距离;能明显减少扭体次数,减轻耳廓肿胀及降低腹腔液的吸光度。结论:WCAC对痉挛状态的肠管平滑肌具有解痉作用,并减缓肠蠕动功能,且表现出明显的镇痛和抗炎消肿作用。     

Free Radical Scavenging Activities of Some Edible Fruit Seeds

Free radical scavenging activity of the seeds of some edible fruits from Turkey, namely Citrus limon (L.) Burm. (lemon), Prunus armeniaca L. (wild apricot), P. laurocerasus L. (cherry laurel), P. cerasus L. (sour cherry), Citrullus vulgaris Schrader (watermelon), and Cucumis melo L. (melon), has been investigated by using stable free radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH.) and superoxide (O 2 -) generated by xanthine/xanthine oxidase (XOD) systems. DPPH. scavenger capacity of the extracts of the aforementioned edible fruit seeds was compared with the known antioxidative substances such as tert -butyl-4-hydroxytoluene (BHT), vitamin C, quercetin and gallic acid. Radical scavenging capacity of the extracts was compared with that of gallic acid.     

复方大黄合剂对小鼠胃肠蠕动的影响及相关机制

目的 评价复方大黄合剂(compound rhubarb mixture，CRM)对小鼠胃肠蠕动的影响，并探讨其相关机制。方法 采用小肠炭推进实验观察复方大黄合剂对小鼠胃肠蠕动的影响；采用放射免疫分析法检测小鼠小肠组织胃动素(Motilin，MTL)、P物质(substance P，SP)和生长抑素(Somatostatin，SS)的水平。结果 复方大黄合剂各剂量均能促进小鼠的胃肠蠕动功能，与正常对照组相比有显差异；复方大黄合剂各剂量均能显提高小鼠小肠组织胃动素、P物质的含量，而降低生长抑素的水平。结论 复方大黄合剂能增强小鼠的胃肠蠕动功能，其机制可能与促进肠道胃动素、P物质的释放，降低肠道生长抑素水平有关。     

A new azoxyalkene from a strain of an actinomadura-like fungus

A new proximal alpha,beta-( cis)-unsaturated azoxyalkene (1) was produced by a fungal strain named A7, identified as Actinomadura sp., isolated from apricot (Prunus armeniaca) roots. Compound 1 was isolated together with the polyene macrolide fungichromine, and its structure and geometry were established mainly by UV, MS and 1H- and 13C-NMR mono-dimensional and two-dimensional experiments. Compound 1 showed a weak antibiotic activity against Rhodotorula sp.     

沙棘叶对小鼠肠蠕动和排便影响的实验研究

目的:探索沙棘叶对小鼠肠蠕动和排使功能的影响.方法:以小鼠为研究对象,采用灌胃给药,观测沙棘叶水提取浓缩液对正常小鼠肠推进运动和排便时间及数量.结果:沙棘叶水提取液低、中剂量组可明显促进小鼠的肠蠕动(p＜0.05);低、中、高剂量组可缩短小鼠的首次排便时间,增加小鼠的排使数量和排便重量(p＜0.05).结论:沙棘叶水提...     

Inhibition of guinea pig intestinal peristalsis by the flavonoids quercetin, naringenin, apigenin and genistein

Flavonoids are known to relax precontracted intestinal smooth muscle and to delay intestinal transit. We therefore investigated the effects of quercetin, naringenin, apigenin and genistein on intestinal peristalsis in vitro. Peristalsis in fluid-perfused segments of the guinea pig small intestine was recorded through the intraluminal pressure changes associated with the peristaltic waves. Alterations of distension sensitivity were reflected by changes in the peristaltic pressure threshold and alterations of peristaltic performance by changes in the maximal acceleration, amplitude and residual baseline pressure of the peristaltic waves. Quercetin, naringenin, apigenin and genistein (10-300 micromol/l) depressed intestinal peristalsis in a structure- and concentration-dependent manner. The flavonoid-evoked changes in peristalsis parameters made it possible to distinguish between two patterns of peristaltic motor inhibition: a decrease in distension sensitivity and peristaltic performance (apigenin and genistein) and a decrease in distension sensitivity without a major change in peristaltic performance (quercetin and naringenin). The antiperistaltic effect of quercetin was partially prevented by apamin (0.5 micromol/l), N-nitro-L-arginine methylester (100 micromol/l) and naloxone (0.5 micromol/l), whereas the effect of genistein was hardly affected by these drugs. Peristaltic motor activity suppressed by quercetin (300 micromol/l), but not genistein (100 micromol/l), was partially restored by apamin. In contrast, neostigmine (0.3 micromol/l) caused a significant recovery of peristalsis from blockade by genistein but failed to reverse peristaltic motor blockade due to quercetin. These observations suggest that naringenin and quercetin inhibit peristalsis by facilitating inhibitory enteric pathways, whereas apigenin and genistein interfere with muscle excitation or excitation-contraction coupling.     

谓葆对小鼠肠蠕动和排便影响实验研究

目的观察谓葆对小鼠肠蠕动和排便功能的影响。方法以昆明种小鼠为研究对象,测定谓葆对正常小鼠小肠蠕动和排便指标。结果谓葆对正常小鼠的肠蠕动有促进作用,实验组与对照组差异有显著性。谓葆可缩短便秘小鼠的首次排便时间,增加便秘小鼠的排便次数和排便重量。结论谓葆对小鼠的肠道运动功能有正向的调节作用。     

Stimulant action of pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide on normal and drug-compromised peristalsis in the guinea-pig intestine.

1. Pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating peptide (PACAP) is known to influence the activity of intestinal smooth muscle. This study set out to examine the action of PACAP on normal and drug-inhibited peristalsis and to shed light on its site and mode of action. 2. Peristalsis in isolated segments of the guinea-pig small intestine was elicited by distension through a rise of the intraluminal pressure. Drug-induced motility changes were quantified by alterations of the peristaltic pressure threshold at which aborally moving peristaltic contractions were triggered. 3. PACAP (1-30 nM) stimulated normal peristalsis as deduced from a concentration-related decrease in the peristaltic pressure threshold (maximum decrease by 55%). The peptide's stimulant effect remained intact in segments pre-exposed to apamin (0.5 microM), N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (300 microM), naloxone (0.5 microM), atropine (1 microM) plus naloxone (0.5 microM) or hexamethonium (100 microM) plus naloxone (0.5 microM). 4. PACAP (10 nM) restored peristalsis blocked by morphine (10 microM), noradrenaline (1 microM) or N6-cyclopentyladenosine (0.3 microM) and partially reinstated peristalsis blocked by Rp-adenosine-3',5'-cyclic monophosphothioate triethylamine (100 microM) but failed to revive peristalsis blocked by hexamethonium (100 microM) or atropine (1 microM). The peptide's spectrum of properistaltic activity differed from that of naloxone (0.5 microM) and forskolin (0.3 microM). 5. The distension-induced ascending reflex contraction of the circular muscle was facilitated by PACAP (1-30 nM) which itself evoked transient nerve-mediated contractions of intestinal segment preparations. 6. These data show that PACAP stimulates normal peristalsis and counteracts drug-induced peristaltic arrest by a stimulant action on excitatory enteric motor pathways, presumably at the intrinsic sensory neurone level. The action of PACAP seems to involve multiple signalling mechanisms including stimulation of adenylate cyclase.