应用双侧耳廓复合组织修复鼻翼缺损

探讨应用双侧耳廓复合组织修复较大鼻翼缺损的可行性及手术方法。沿鼻翼缺损的上方瘢痕缘作弧形切口,设计鼻翼内侧面衬里,于两侧耳廓中上部切取楔形全层复合组织瓣游离移植于受区,以修复缺损外侧面。结果：临床应用双侧耳廓复合修复较大鼻翼缺损６例,均取得了满意的效果,结论：这种手术方法是可行的;并为修复较大鼻翼缺损提供了简便,安全,可靠的方法。     

耳廓复合组织瓣在鼻翼部分缺损修复中的应用

目的 探讨耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼单、双侧较大面积缺损的可行性。方法:在8例病例中,采用宽度为1.5～2.2cm耳廓复合组织瓣游离移植的方法修复较大面积的鼻翼缺损,其中3例为双侧缺损。结果:应用此法行鼻冀单、双侧缺损的修复,手术效果满意。结论:在鼻翼缺损修复中,将游离耳廓复合组织瓣宽度由常规小于1cm扩大至1.5～2.2cm是可能的,且可同时应用双侧组织瓣修复双侧鼻翼缺损,故对于鼻翼较大面积单、双侧缺损,此手术方式不失为一种较理想的修复方法,值得推广。     

耳廓复合组织瓣的三种术式修复鼻翼缺损的临床评价

目的根据患者鼻翼缺损的形态、自身条件和面容，选择一种简易、理想的耳廓复合组织瓣术式，使修复的鼻翼饱满，鼻孔对称，从而获得比较完美的鼻形。方法通过对5年来32例鼻翼缺损修复中的26例进行随访，比较不同耳廓复合组织移植术式的优缺点、术中注意点，找出各种鼻翼缺损的合适术式。结果3种耳廓复合组织瓣术式修复鼻翼缺损的随访优良率，差异不具有显著性意义。结论3种耳廓复合组织瓣术式修复鼻翼缺损外形均良好，重要的是选择好手术适应证。游离耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损术式简便易行，面部不增加新的瘢痕；眶上动脉供血的反流轴型岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损的术式，修复鼻翼缺损范围大，但受血管条件限制；吻合血管的游离耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损，修复后鼻槛及外侧壁形态好，但操作难度大。     

耳廓复合组织瓣游离移植修复先天性鼻翼缺损

目的：探讨用自体耳廓游离组织瓣修复先天性鼻翼缺损的方法和效果。方法：切取同侧耳廓全层楔形复合组织瓣,插入鼻翼缺损区,牢固固定,供区拉拢缝合。结果：自2006年以来,应用该方法修复先天性鼻翼缺损畸形8例,缺损最大面积1.6cm×1.4cm,最小面积1.3cm×1.1cm。均取得了良好的效果,随访1～4年,耳廓组织瓣收缩小于10%。结论：应用自体耳廓复合组织瓣游离移植修复先天性鼻翼缺损可以较好地恢复鼻翼形态,仔细地形成鼻侧衬里,阶梯状耳廓复合组织瓣的形成,局部良好的固定是手术成功的关键。     

耳廓复合组织移植修补鼻翼缺损

目的：总结耳廓复合组织移植修复鼻翼缺损的方法和经验,特别是术中和术后的处理要点。方法：将包括软骨在内的耳廓复合组织游离移植用于修复鼻翼缺损。结果：本组42例均取得较好效果。修复的鼻翼弧度自然、形态满意。本文对术中和术后的处理要点和经验进行了讨论、总结。结论：耳廓复合组织游离移植修复鼻翼缺损的方法简单易行、成功率高,有较好的临床应用与推广价值。     

应用耳廓复合组织游离移植修复急性鼻翼缺损的护理体会

各种原因导致的鼻缺损都会严重影响美观,给患者带来心理负担,而在整形外科急诊中,外伤性鼻翼缺损并不少见。修复鼻翼全层组织缺损的手术方法很多[1-3],可以应用各种皮瓣再造鼻翼,也可以用耳廓复合组织游离移植修复鼻翼缺损。本文就应用耳廓复合组织游离移植修复急性鼻翼缺损的护理体会总结如下。     

带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复较大面积鼻翼缺损15例

目的介绍带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复较大面积鼻翼缺损的新方法。方法利用眶上动脉和颞浅动脉吻合支的反流血运,形成带蒂的耳廓复合组织瓣,经由皮下隧道转移至鼻翼缺损区,Ⅰ期修复鼻翼缺损的新方法。本组共15例病人,最大面积3.0cm×3.0cm,最小面积1.0cm×1.5cm。结果本组15例病人应用带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣Ⅰ期修复鼻翼缺损,效果良好,色泽和形状均满意。结论应用带蒂的耳廓复合组织瓣可作为Ⅰ期修复鼻翼缺损的首选方法。     

鼻唇沟皮瓣和耳郭复合组织在鼻翼缺损修复中的应用

目的探讨鼻唇沟皮瓣和耳郭复合组织游离移植在鼻翼缺损修复中的应用。方法自2011年10月至2016年3月,采用鼻唇沟皮瓣或耳郭复合组织游离移植,修复鼻翼缺损32例。分析鼻翼缺损情况、修复方法、切口瘢痕、对称性、鼻翼术后形态等。结果本组患者中采用鼻唇沟皮瓣修复19例,采用耳郭复合组织修复13例。两组患者鼻翼缺损均得到良好修复,外观满意,创面周缘及供区切口瘢痕均不明显。结论鼻唇沟皮瓣和耳郭复合组织游离移植,均为鼻翼缺损修复的良好方法,缺损范围较小者应优先考虑耳郭复合组织游离移植再造鼻翼,缺损较大者则建议采用鼻唇沟皮瓣进行修复。两种手术方法各有优缺点,需结合患者实际进行选择。     

颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损

目的 探讨应用颢浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损的方法.方法 对16例鼻翼缺损患者,应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣移植修复.结果 全部病例移植的带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣完全成活,伤口一期愈合.最长随访4年,最短半年,移植的耳廓复合组织瓣的形态、颜色和质地与正常鼻翼相似,效果满意.结论 应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损,是一种理想的修复方法.     

颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损

目的 探讨应用颢浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损的方法.方法 对16例鼻翼缺损患者,应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣移植修复.结果 全部病例移植的带蒂耳廓复合组织瓣完全成活,伤口一期愈合.最长随访4年,最短半年,移植的耳廓复合组织瓣的形态、颜色和质地与正常鼻翼相似,效果满意.结论 应用颞浅动脉蒂跨耳后动脉逆行岛状耳廓复合组织瓣修复鼻翼缺损,是一种理想的修复方法.     

反流轴型岛状耳廓瓣修复大面积鼻翼缺损

目的：寻求耳廓复合组织片游离移植时面积受限之解决方法。方法：于29具成人灌注尸体标本，进行额、鼻、颞部血管解剖观测，并进行临床实践。结果：颈内动脉的血流，可自滑车上动脉、框上动脉→前额动脉吻合网→颞浅动脉额支→颞浅动脉主干→颞浅动脉耳支而营养耳廓。根据解剖结果，可设计以滑车上、眶上动脉为血管蒂的跨区供血的反流轴型耳廓复合组织岛状瓣，修复大面积鼻翼缺损，临床上已应用16例，取得满意效果，结论：来自颈内动脉的血液可经前额动脉吻合网进入颈外动脉分布的耳廓及耳前，耳后组织，提供血供，可据以设计岛状耳廓复合组织瓣，修复大面积鼻翼缺损。     

创伤性鼻部分及全部缺损的修复

目的:依据创伤性鼻缺损的形状和大小,选择相应的修复方案,并探讨各种方法修复后的效果。方法:全鼻缺损的修复采用:①前臂皮瓣 局部皮瓣;②额部扩张后皮瓣;③上臂皮管转移。鼻部分缺损的修复采用:①鼻唇沟皮瓣;②耳郭复合组织移植;③全厚皮移植等。结果:38例采用6种不同的方法均得以修复,全鼻缺损1例因鼻区与上颌窦洞穿性缺损处的感染致鼻部分坏死,经换药及再次修复愈合。鼻部分缺损经皮瓣、耳郭复合组织及全厚皮片移植修复,均全部成活外观满意。结论:鼻部分及全部缺损的程度各不相同,但只要依据损伤的大小选择相应的修复方法,就能达到较佳的鼻外形,鼻外观恢复也较为满意,但用远位的皮瓣修复后表面色泽反差明显但不影响整体效果。     

Lengthening of the short columella associated with bilateral cleft lip.

Operations for lengthening the columella can be classified into three groups on the basis of source of material: lip, nose, or ear. When seen in profile, the middle of the lip provides one-fourth to one-third of the forward projection of the columella as compared with the level of the alar bases. Complete bilateral cleft lips usually benefit from columellar lengthening, but symmetrical, incomplete clefts rarely require it. Ancillary procedures, such as correction of a retruded maxilla by Le Fort I osteotomy or by contour build-up, can enhance the overall result. Our experience with advancement of skin from the floor of the nose and ala [15], skin from the alar margins at the tip [7], prolabial advancement flaps, fork flaps, and composite earlobe grafts is reported.     

The remucosalizing alar cartilage flap: a reconstructive option for repairing nasal septal perforations

The objective of this study is to assess the results of repairing septal perforations with a vascularized pedicled alar cartilage island flap. Using the external rhinoplasty approach, a vascularized flap of alar cartilage, harvested as a cephalic trim and pedicled on the ascending columellar branches of the superior labial artery was raised. Bilateral mucoperichondrial septal flaps were elevated and the alar flap was transposed and secured within the defect and bilaterally overlaid with temporalis fascia. Silastic sheets were placed and remained in situ until the grafts were revascularized from the peripheries of the defect as well as centrally from the alar flap. The revascularized temporalis fascia acted as a scaffold for nasal remucosalization. The alar flap also increased the long-term structural robustness of the repair. Between 1999 and 2003, 14 patients with septal perforations ranging from 10 to 31 mm underwent septal reconstruction using this technique. There were nine males and five females. The flap was successfully raised in all cases and long-term closure was maintained in 12 patients (86%). The alar cartilage flap is an effective technique for repairing septal perforations in selected patients. It provides vascularized tissue which nourishes the grafts during remucosalization, and a cartilaginous framework, which affords long-term structural support to the repair. It also obviates the need to transpose nasal mucosa and create a secondary defect. The rhinoplasty approach furthermore permits additional nasal deformities to be corrected at the same time. Presented at the British Association of Plastic Surgeons Summer Scientific Meeting, Sheffield, UK (12 July 2006).     

鼻端部软组织缺损修复29例临床报告

目的探讨鼻端部软组织缺损修复的有效方法。方法根据鼻尖、鼻翼及鼻小柱不同范围的软组织缺损，修复方法包括邻近部位皮瓣转移修复19例(鼻唇沟皮瓣9例，额部皮瓣6例，轴型鼻背旋转皮瓣4例)，耳郭组织移植10例(复合组织块游离移植7例，反流轴型耳郭复合组织瓣3例)。结果29例惠者，随访2周至6个月，修复组织在色泽、质地上与受区接近，修复效果满意。结论耳郭复合组织移植和邻近部位皮瓣转移是修复鼻端部不同范围的软组织缺损的较好方法。     

Correction of severe secondary cleft lip nasal deformity using a composite graft: current approach and review

In the case of a severe tissue deficiency with a secondary cleft lip nasal deformity, a composite graft can be useful for columellar lengthening or to create symmetrical nostrils. The current study used composite grafts to correct secondary cleft lip nasal deformities with a severe tissue deficiency or severe nostril asymmetry. A total of 19 patients who were born with complete cleft type were operated between 1995 and 1999. Of these patients, 10 were men and 9 were women, and the age distribution was 7 to 35 years old. In 9 patients with unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities and in 6 patients with bilateral cleft lip nasal deformities, columellar lengthening was performed using a composite graft taken from the helix in 14 patients and the contralateral alar rim in 1 patient. In 4 patients with severely asymmetrical nostrils resulting from a short alar rim in unilateral cleft lip nasal deformities, the ear helix was used in 2 patients, whereas in the other two patients, the alar rim of the unaffected side was transferred to the affected side to create a symmetrical nostril by reducing the length of the ala on the unaffected side. The follow-up period ranged from 1 to 3 years, and results were as follows: Four days after the graft, the composite tissue exhibited a pinkish color, and complete survival was confirmed after 7 days. The absorption rate was approximately 10% and the color mismatch became minimal with time. Composite tissue from the ear was found to be useful for full-layer reconstruction of the ala and columella because of its stiffness, thin nature, and similarity. Composite tissue from the alar rim on the contralateral side was also determined to be a good material for full-layer reconstruction of the deficient ala.     

Repair of the Alar Groove with Combination Partial Primary Closure and Second-Intention Healing

BACKGROUND: The reconstruction of small defects of the alar groove can be a unique challenge owing to the importance of maintaining its concave structure. OBJECTIVE: To present a report of a patient with a small alar groove defect that was repaired using a combination of partial primary closure and second-intention healing. METHODS: A 73-year-old female was referred for the treatment of a basal cell carcinoma of the right nasal ala and underwent Mohs micrographic surgery with clearance of the lesion. The final defect, less than 1 cm, extended to the subcutaneous fat. Two absorbable subcutaneous sutures were placed in the defect, and the wound was then allowed to heal by second intention. RESULTS. This closure yielded a good cosmetic result, with preservation of the alar groove. CONCLUSION: A combination of primary closure and second-intention healing is a time-efficient, low-risk option for nonperforating, small alar groove defects.     

以唇动脉为蒂的唇瓣修复中度和重度唇全层缺损

目的探讨中、重度全层唇缺损的修复方法.方法在缺损一侧或两侧(若缺损较大,一侧唇瓣不够用时)设计以唇动脉为蒂的唇瓣向缺损区推进转移修复全层唇缺损.若缺损较大,单纯用缺损两侧口唇组织仍不足以修复时,可将一侧唇瓣向外侧延伸绕过口角至另一侧上或下唇(根据缺损是在下唇或上唇),形成包括上下唇组织在内的大型唇瓣向缺损区推进修复缺损.若缺损为单纯的红唇缺损,唇瓣切口应沿唇弓设计.结果临床应用于67例,其中上唇38例,下唇29例.缺损最大水平宽度3.5 cm,最小1.6 cm.单纯红唇瓣20例,红白唇瓣47例.单侧唇瓣10例,双侧57例.所有唇瓣均全部存活,伤口Ⅰ期愈合,修复后的口唇丰满,外形满意.结论唇动脉血管恒定,唇瓣血供可靠,本法不仅能用于单纯红唇缺损的修复,还可广泛用于红、白唇同时缺损的修复,因是用同类组织修复,且组织量丰富,故术后能完全恢复口唇所特有的红、白唇结构及功能,是修复中、重度全层唇缺损的理想方法.     

Treatment of nasal obstruction from nasal valve collapse with alar batten grafts

Nasal obstruction may require treatment with rhinoplasty techniques. One cause of nasal obstruction is known as nasal valve collapse. This refers to narrowness and weakness at the nasal valve, the narrowest part of the nasal airway. There are a number of surgical approaches available to treat nasal valve collapse. Selection of the appropriate surgical intervention depends on proper identification of the anatomic cause of the collapse. Alar batten grafts are especially useful for addressing nasal valve collapse caused by a weak nasal sidewall. In this report, we review the senior author's experience with the use of alar batten grafts for nasal valve collapse. Twenty-one patients had septoplasty with placement of alar batten grafts; all patients noted improvement in their nasal breathing. Seven patients underwent ear cartilage harvest with alar batten grafts, and five of them noted improvement, one noted partial improvement, one noted no improvement. Six patients underwent revision septorhinoplasty with alar batten grafting, and ten patients underwent revision septorhinoplasty with ear cartilage harvest and alar batten grafting. These patients all reported improvement in their nasal breathing postoperatively. Six patients underwent revision rhinoplasty (no septoplasty) with ear cartilage and battens. These patients hold special interest because no other intranasal procedures were performed that affected nasal breathing. All six of these patients reported significant improvement of their nasal breathing and all patients were satisfied with their postsurgical cosmetic appearance. The nasal valve area is considered to be the location of the least cross-sectional area in the nose. When narrowing of the nasal valve is a result of collapse of the nasal sidewall, alar batten grafts are a useful technique to address the patient's nasal obstruction.