胸腰椎爆裂骨折模型中硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术的生物力学性能

[目的]评价硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术的生物力学性能并探讨用于胸腰椎爆裂骨折的可行性. [方法]16具新鲜小牛胸腰椎标本分为4组,每组4具,A、B、C 3组(实验组)标本在制成爆裂骨折模型后分别实施3种骨水泥(CSC、CPC、PMMA)椎体成形术,D组为无骨折对照组.测量爆裂骨折前、后、复位后及椎体成形术后的椎体前缘高度;测量达到完全填充时的3种骨水泥的注射量;生物力学检测比较4组标本间的极限抗压强度及刚度差别. [结果](1)实验组12具标本均形成胸腰椎爆裂骨折模型,平均撞击能量为66.2 J;(2)CSC、CPC、PMMA的注射量分别为:4.4 ml±0.8 ml、3.7 ml±0.7 ml、4.0 ml±0.6 ml,组间无差别(P>0.05);(3)3种骨水泥均能有效充填爆裂骨折椎体复位后遗留的骨缺损,显著恢复伤椎高度(P<0.01);(4)A、B、C、D组的极限抗压强度分别为:1 659 N±154 N、1 011 N±142 N、2 821 N±897 N及2 439 N±525 N.PMMA能够完全恢复骨折椎的抗压强度,CSC、CPC均只能部分恢复骨折椎的强度,但CSC优于CPC(P<0.01);(5)4组椎体的刚度分别为:140 N/mm±40 N/mm、148 N/mm±33 N/mm、236 N/mm±97 N/mm、224 N/mm±38 N/mm.CSC的刚度低于完整椎体(62.5%,P<0.05),但与PMMA、CPC差异无统计学意义(P>0.05). [结论]经CSC椎体成形术的骨折椎的强度优于CPC,刚度与PMMA、CPC相当.将CSC椎体成形术作为一种辅助治疗方式用于胸腰椎爆裂骨折能满足力学要求、手术安全可行.     

硫酸钙骨水泥在骨折椎体成形术中的力学性能

目的评价硫酸钙骨水泥在胸腰椎压缩性骨折椎体成形术中的生物力学性能。方法采集15具新鲜成年小牛胸腰椎标本,制成T11~L1脊柱功能单位,随机分为A、B、C三组各5具,正常完整标本组（A组）,后路复位椎弓根钉固定组（B组）,后路复位椎弓根钉固定结合硫酸钙椎体成形组（C组）。B、C组标本制成T12椎体屈曲压缩性骨折模型,分别采用后路复位椎弓根钉固定及后路复位椎弓根钉固定结合硫酸钙椎体成形。三组标本在WE-10型万能材料试验机上加载不同级别载荷,检测脊柱功能单位的载荷-应变关系、载荷-位移关系、强度、刚度等生物力学性能,试验数据进行统计学处理,并进行组间比较。结果胸腰椎功能单位抗压强度,A、B、C三组分别为（2488±224）N、（3 368±310）N、（4 283±404）N,B、C之间相差21%,差异有统计学意义（t=1.422,P〈0.05）;A、C之间相差42%,差异有统计学意义（t=1.814,P〈0.05）。胸腰椎功能单位刚度,A、B、C三组分别为（400±32）N/mm、（455±42）N/mm、（638±61）N/mm,B、C之间相差29%,差异有统计学意义（t=1.792,P〈0.05）;A、C之间相差37%,差异有统计学意义（t=2.628,P〈0.05）。结论经后路椎弓根螺钉固定结合硫酸钙椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的生物力学性能优越,术后不但强度大、刚度高,而且承载能力大,椎体高度恢复满意;术后的胸腰椎稳定,极大地分担内固定物的应力负荷,进而降低螺钉的松动、折断发生率及术后椎体高度的丢失。     

可吸收球囊椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的实验研究

[目的]探讨结合短节段椎弓根螺钉系统撑开复位内固定的可吸收球囊椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折的生物力学性能变化。[方法]采集6具新鲜固定湿润成人尸体胸腰椎标本，制成T11-L1，L2～4、L1～3节段标本10个，用自由落体撞击试验造成中间椎体爆裂型骨折，行APF椎弓根螺钉撑开复位，经椎弓根于伤椎椎体内置入可吸收高分子材料-DL-乳酸与ε-己内酯（70：30）的共聚物（PDLLA-CL）制作的可吸收球囊，注入自固化磷酸钙骨水泥行可吸收球囊椎体成形术。分别于骨折前、骨折撑开复位椎体成形术后，用万能材料试验机测定中间椎体在前屈、后伸、侧屈状态下应力-应变、轴向刚度变化及扭转应力下刚度的变化。[结果]伤椎经可吸收球囊椎体成形术治疗后，抗压强度均有所增加，前屈为8％，后伸15％，侧屈9．8％，其中以后伸时增加显著（P〈0．05）。治疗后的轴向刚度普遍得到提高，与骨折前相比，前屈增加11％，后伸增加8％，侧屈增加3％。治疗后椎体在扭转应力下刚度小于骨折前，但两者差异不明显（P〉0．05）。[结论]（1）结合短节段椎弓根螺钉系统撑开复位内固定的可吸收球囊椎体成形术，有助于伤椎的重建，术后脊柱的生物力学特性接近骨折前水平；（2）可吸收球囊椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折，在避免骨水泥渗漏可能导致的潜在危险之前提下，从本质上恢复胸腰椎爆裂型骨折伤椎椎体结构的完整性，恢复其高度，从而恢复和维持脊柱的生理弧度，防止继发性脊柱后凸畸形变引起的迟发性腰背痛及脊髓、神经损伤，以从根本上解决单纯用经椎弓根内固定器治疗胸腰椎爆裂型骨折遗留的并发症，为临床治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折提供了一个新的方法。     

经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨椎体成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折

目的 探讨经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨椎体成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床效果. 方法 自2005年11月至2008年12月对32例胸腰椎爆裂性骨折患者采用经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨成形术结合钉棒内固定治疗.观察术前、术后2 d及术后6个月随访的后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值和椎管横截面积侵占率的改善情况. 结果所有患者未出现切口感染,无神经损伤及加重.所有患者获得6～24个月(平均14.2个月)随访.后凸Cobb角、伤椎前缘高度比值及椎管横截面积术后即刻与术前比较差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),术后6个月随访时与术后即刻比较差异均尢统计学意义(P>0.05).本组患者无螺钉松动或断裂,植骨融合率100%.结论 经伤椎椎弓根硫酸钙人工骨成形术结合内固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折手术操作简单,提供了伤椎前中柱支撑和固定,能够有效地恢复并维持伤椎的高度.     

釆用微创椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎爆裂骨折

目的 观察胸腰椎爆裂骨折采用微创椎体成形术治疗的安全性和有效性.方法 回顾分析12例胸腰段椎体爆裂骨折采用微创椎体成形术治疗,其中4例为单纯的椎体成形术(PVP),8例为后凸椎体成形术(PKP).根据疼痛视觉模拟评分VAS评分法评估疼痛缓解的疗效,根据骨水泥进入椎管的比率及神经并发症评估安全性.结果 术后VAS 评分同术前相比都有明显下降(P＜0.05),PVP组有2例骨水泥渗漏,PKP组有1例骨水泥渗漏以及1例术后心梗,但均无神经系统并发症.结论 椎体成形术及椎体后凸成形术都能有效缓解骨质疏松性椎体压缩骨折患者的疼痛,但有一定的骨水泥渗漏危险.微创椎体成形术可能为胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗提供了一个新的选择.     

后路椎弓根钉固定结合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术治疗新鲜胸腰椎压缩性骨折

目的探讨后路椎弓根钉固定结合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术治疗新鲜胸腰椎压缩性骨折的临床疗效。方法选择性对70例新鲜胸腰椎压缩性骨折患者采用后路复位椎弓根钉内固定结合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术治疗。分别于术前、术后1周及随访终末观测脊柱后突角、椎体前后缘高度压缩率变化;观察内固定稳定状况及神经损伤的恢复情况。结果 8例发生骨水泥渗漏。57例获得平均17个月随访,1例发生内固定断裂。脊柱后凸角、椎体前后缘高度压缩率:末次随访与术前比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);与术后1周比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后神经功能按Frankel分级评定:E级54例,D级3例。结论后路椎弓根钉固定结合硫酸钙骨水泥椎体成形术治疗新鲜胸腰椎压缩性骨折,可有效恢复脊柱单元的生物力学稳定性,进而避免后突矫正度丢失、内固定松动断裂等并发症的发生及促进神经功能的恢复。     

注射型磷酸钙骨水泥和PMMA在椎体成形术中的生物力学研究

目的模仿椎体成形术观察注射型磷酸钙骨水泥(calcium phosphate cement CPC)/聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(polymethylmethacrylate,PMMA)植入椎体后的生物力学改变.方法将PMMA和CPC通过手术植入到犬椎体,经过8周和16周后分别取材,行X线、CT检查,并测定不同时间椎体的轴向抗压强度和抗扭转强度.结果(1)植入早期,PMMA的抗压强度明显高于正常椎体和CPC(P＜0.01),CPC的抗压强度明显低于正常椎体和PMMA(P＜0.01).术后8周显示,PMMA的抗压强度有所下降(P＜0.01=0.009),CPC的抗压强度有所上升(P＜0.05=0.034),但与正常椎体相比仍差别显著.术后16周显示PMMA抗压强度继续下降(P＞0.05=0.710),CPC的抗压强度继续上升(P＞0.05=0.648),与正常椎体相比无显著性差异.(2)植入早期,PMMA的抗扭转强度明显高于正常椎体和CPC(P＜0.05=0.03),CPC的抗扭强度明显低于正常椎体和PMMA(P＜0.05=0.02).术后8周显示,PMMA的抗扭强度有所下降,但与正常椎体相比仍差别显著(P＜0.05=0.045),CPC的抗压强度有所上升与正常椎体相比差异不显著(P＞0.05=0.078).术后16周显示PMMA抗压强度继续下降(P＞0.05=0.137),CPC的抗压强度继续上升,与正常椎体相比无显著性差异(P＞0.05=0.847).结论磷酸钙骨水泥是椎体成形术中治疗椎体压缩性骨折和胸腰椎爆裂骨折一种比较理想的材料,注入到椎体后,其生物力学强度有逐渐增强的趋势,而PMMA是机械固定,其生物力学强度有逐渐减弱的趋势.     

骨填充网袋椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折的比较

目的探讨骨填充网袋椎体成形术与经皮椎体后凸成形术(percutaneous kyphoplasty,PKP)治疗骨质疏松性椎体爆裂骨折(osteoporotic vertebral burst fracture,OVBF)的疗效差异。方法回顾性分析我科2015年1月~2017年12月58例OVBF,骨填充网袋椎体成形术组22例,PKP组36例。比较2组手术时间、骨水泥灌注量、骨水泥渗漏率、疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Score,VAS)、Oswestry功能障碍指数(Oswestry Disability Index,ODI)、伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角。结果骨填充网袋椎体成形术组手术时间和骨水泥注入量与PKP组比较无明显差异(P>0.05)。骨填充网袋椎体成形术组骨水泥渗漏2例(9.1%),明显少于PKP组骨水泥渗漏14例(38.9%)(χ^2=4.670,P=0.031),均无神经脊髓症。58例术后随访12~36个月,平均24.4月。2组间VAS评分、ODI比较差异无显著性(P>0.05),组间和时间无交互作用(P>0.05)。2组患者术后1 d、末次随访VAS评分、ODI均明显小于术前(P均=0.000),且末次随访时较术后1 d进一步降低(P均=0.000)。2组间伤椎前缘高度、伤椎后凸Cobb角差异无显著性(P>0.05),组间和时间无交互作用(P>0.05)。2组患者术后1 d、末次随访时伤椎前缘高度显著高于术前(P均=0.000),末次随访时较术后1 d无明显丢失(P=0.144)。2组患者术后1 d及末次随访时伤椎后凸Cobb角明显小于术前(P均=0.000),末次随访时较术后1 d无明显变化(P=0.288)。骨填充网袋椎体成形术组1例手术椎体再骨折,2例非手术椎体骨折,PKP组4例非手术椎骨折,2组比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论骨填充网袋椎体成形术和PKP治疗OVBF均可缓解患者的临床症状,部分恢复伤椎高度,矫正伤体后凸畸形,但骨填充网袋椎体成形术能有效降低骨水泥渗漏。     

椎弓根螺钉固定结合硫酸钙椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的生物力学研究

目的探讨椎弓根螺钉固定结合硫酸钙椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的生物力学性能。方法15具新鲜雄性小牛胸腰椎标本制成11～L1脊柱功能单位,随机分为正常完整标本组（A组）、后路经椎弓根螺钉内固定组（B组）、椎弓根螺钉内固定结合硫酸钙椎体成形术组（C组）。3组标本在万能材料试验机上测试其生物力学性能,试验数据进行统计学处理,并进行组间比较。结果C组的椎体和椎间盘平均应变比B组低14％和12％,比A组低21％和13％;C组位移分别比B、A组减少25％和37％。胸腰椎椎体和椎间盘的强度：C组比B组高14％和24％,比A组高13％和20％;C组胸腰椎刚度比B、A分别高44％和53％。胸腰椎最大抗扭强度：C组分别比B、A组高18％和30％,扭转刚度C组分别比B、A组高30％和46％。以上数据经统计学处理,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论椎弓根螺钉固定结合硫酸钙椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎压缩性骨折的生物力学性能是优越的,不但强度、刚度大,而且术后的胸腰椎体稳定,有利于减轻内植物的应力负荷,进而降低螺钉的松动、折断发生率及术后椎体高度的丢失。     

椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎多种类型椎体骨折

目的探讨经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎多种类型骨折疗效与可行性。方法采用经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎多种类型骨折126例;按椎体骨折形态改变将骨折分为5种类型（Ⅰ型：无变形型17例;Ⅱ型：单纯压缩型29例;Ⅲ型：非后缘崩裂型47例;Ⅳ后缘崩裂形21例;Ⅴ椎管占位型12例）。结果术后48h后腰痛明显减轻可预期下床活动121例。随访6～30个月（平均10个月）,症状完全缓解（CR）117例,CR率92.86%。部分缓解（PR）9例,PR率7.14%,有效率100%（CR＋PR）。结论经皮椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎多种类型骨折是一种有效地方法。     

Biomechanical evaluation of vertebroplasty using calcium sulfate cement for thoracolumbar burst fractures

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the biomechanical performance of vertebroplasty using calcium sulfate cement for thoracolumbar burst fractures. METHODS: Sixteen bovine thoracolumbar spines (T11-L1) were divided into 4 groups (A,B,C and D). After burst-fracture model was created, 12 vertebral bodies in Groups A, B and C were augmented with calcium sulfate cement (CSC), calcium phosphate cement (CPC) and polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) bone cement, respectively. Each anterior vertebral body height was measured with a caliper at 4 time points: intact conditions (HInt), post-fracture (HFr), post-reduction (HRe) and post-vertebroplasty (HVP). The filling volume of 3 different bone cements was also measured. Each vertebral body was compressed at 0.5 mm/s using a hinged plating system on a materials testing machine to 50% of the post-vertebroplasty height to determine strength and stiffness. Difference was checked using t test or One-way ANOVA. RESULTS: The average strike energy was 66.2 J. Vertebroplasty with different cements could sustain vertebral height.The average filling volume of bone cement in 3 groups was 4.35 ml (CSC), 3.72 ml (CPC) and 3.95 ml (PMMA), respectively, and there was no statistically significant difference among them (P larger than 0.05). Vertebroplasty with PMMA completely restored strength (116%) and stiffness (105%). CSC or CPC partly recovered vertebral strength and stiffness. However, greater strength restoration was got with CSC (1659 N) as compared with CPC (1011N, P less than 0.01). Regarding stiffness, differences between CSC (140 N/mm+/-40 N/mm)and the other two bone cements (CPC:148 N/mm+/-33 N/mm, PMMA:236 N/mm+/-97 N/mm) were not significant (P larger than 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: For a burst-fracture of calf spine, use of CSC for vertebroplasty yields similar vertebral stiffness as compared with PMMA or CPC. Although augmentation with CSC partly obtains the normal strength, this treatment still can be applied in thoracolumbar burst fractures with other instrumental devices in light of its bioactivation.     

球囊复位终板椎体增强结合经皮椎弓根螺钉固定治疗胸腰椎爆裂性骨折北大核心CSCD

Objective: To investigate the clinical results of percutaneous balloon-assisted endplate reduction reinforced by injectable calcium sulfate cement (CSC) after fixation with percutaneous pedicle screws in the treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures. Methods: From January 2016 to December 2018, 23 patients were treated at Department of Orthopaedics, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neural impairment (LSC>6). They were 14 males and 9 females, aged from 20 to 60 years (average, 43 years). After reduction and fixation of the injured vertebrae with percutaneous pedicle screws, the collapsed endplates were reset by transpedicular balloon and reinforced by injectable CSC. Recorded were operation time, bleeding volume, fracture healing, visual analogue scale (VAS), anterior height ratio of the injured vertebra, central height ratio of the injured vertebra, sagittal cobb angle, absorption of CSC and complications. Results: The operation time averaged 110 min and the bleeding volume 75 mL. This group of patients obtained follow-up for 12 to 48 months (average, 24 months). The mean time for CSC complete absorption was 3 months postoperatively. The VAS scores for back pain at 3 days postoperation and the last follow-up (2.1±0.9 and 1.1±0.3) were significantly improved than the preoperative value (7.8±1.3);the anterior height ratios of the injured vertebra (93.22%±6.39%, 92.79%±6.41% and 92.38%±6.60%), the central height ratios of the injured vertebra (90.66%±6.28%, 89.92%±6.05% and 86.54%±6.96%) and the sagittal cobb angles (4.88°±2.35°, 5.32°±2.34° and 5.84°±2.43°) at postoperative 1 week, 3 months and the last follow-up were significantly improved than the preoperative values (51.68%±8.32%, 63.37%±9.24% and 20.77°±7.35°, respectively) (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between the 3 time points (P>0.05). Internal fixation failure or loss of cobb angle greater than 10° was found in none of the patients. Conclusions: Percutaneous balloon-assisted endplate reduction reinforced by injectable CSC combined with percutaneous pedicle screwing is a safe and minimally invasive treatment of thoracolumbar burst fractures with LSC>6, leading to effective reduction of the collapsed endplate and restoration of vertebral mechanical performance. © 2020 Chinese Medical Association     

椎弓根钉固定结合注射性硫酸钙椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折

目的探讨椎弓根钉复位固定结合注射性硫酸钙(CSC)椎体成形术治疗胸腰椎骨折的方法和疗效。方法自2004年6月～2005年6月,对21例胸腰椎骨折采用椎弓根钉复位、固定后,再通过椎弓根将伤椎塌陷终板骨块推顶复位,灌注可注射性CSC行椎体成形术的治疗方法。术后随访并评估此方法的临床疗效。结果平均每个椎体灌注CSC 5．5 mL;2例术中发生椎管内渗漏,漏出呈液态,术后患者无神经症状加重;根据影像学评估,随访时测得Cobb角、椎体前缘高度比值[分别为6．7°±8．1°,(76．7±6．9)％]与术前[分别为21．6°±6．5°,(44．9±2．1)％]比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0．05),而与术后即刻[分别为6．2°±8．9°,(78．3±7．7)％]比较,差异无统计学意义(P> 0．05)。经8～14个月(平均11．5个月)随访,无椎弓根钉失败病例。结论椎弓根钉复位、固定后采用可注射性CSC行椎体成形术操作简单,无椎管内占位及栓塞等并发症发生,安全性高,可有效恢复椎体力学性能,减少单纯椎弓根钉固定后断钉及椎体高度再丢失等并发症。     

Pedicle screw instrumentation plus augmentation vertebroplasty using calcium sulfate for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficits

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of posterior instrumentation plus vertebroplasty and posterolateral fusion using calcium sulfate for thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficits. Methods: Between July 2005 and January 2008, a total of 45 patients who had been diagnosed as having thoracolumbar burst fractures without neurologic deficits were treated with pedicle screw instrumentation plus vertebroplasty using calcium sulfate in our unit. The Cobb angles and loss rates of anterior‐middle columns height at different time intervals were measured on lateral radiographs, and the preoperative and postoperative functional outcomes were evaluated using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and Oswestry Disability Index (ODI). Results: The Cobb angles and loss rates of anterior‐middle columns height postoperatively period were restored significantly compared with those noted preoperatively. The angles and heights were well maintained for at least two years using this technique. The mean postoperative VAS (back pain) score was 2.1 ± 0.8, which was significantly better (P < 0.001) than the mean preoperative VAS score 7.9 ± 1.1. The average preoperative ODI was 66.6 ± 8.1% and this had improved significantly to 15.5 ± 4.5% by the latest follow‐up (P < 0.001). No instrumentation failure was detected in this study. The calcium sulfate had been absorbed completely by 3–6 months postoperatively. Conclusion: Pedicle screw instrumentation plus augmentation vertebroplasty with calcium sulfate is an economic, efficient and reliable technique for treating unstable thoracolumbar fractures without neurologic deficits.     

胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗和展望

胸腰椎爆裂骨折占胸腰椎骨折的50%以上,其经常导致神经损伤和脊柱后凸畸形,对于每一种类型的骨折其治疗方法各不相同,目前应用于临床的方法有保守疗法、前路手术、后路手术、前后路联合手术及微创手术,然而最佳的治疗方法仍然是不明确的,没有一种精确的分型来指导爆裂骨折的治疗及手术方式的选择。文章综述了胸腰椎爆裂骨折的治疗进展。有研究表明无神经损伤的稳定型爆裂骨折保守治疗和手术治疗并无明显差别。伴有神经损伤的不稳定型爆裂骨折早期手术减压和稳定是应当考虑的,有研究表明对于短节段固定联合各种不同方式的椎体成形术重建前柱可以明显减少内固定失败及远期脊柱后凸畸形的发生率而受到广大脊柱外科医生的推崇。按照生物力学原理及考虑到患者固定节段后相邻节段退变的发生,非融合技术已逐渐应用于临床,其远期疗效尚需进一步研究证实。     

磷酸钙骨水泥的显影性及生物力学实验研究

目的:探讨适用于经皮椎体成形术的磷酸钙骨水泥(calciumphosphatecement,CPC)与显影剂混合物比例及其生物力学性能。方法:根据加入显影剂比例不同分为4组,A组为单纯CPC,B组为CPC+10%质量百分比(wt)碘必乐,C组为CPC+20%wt碘必乐,D组为CPC+30%wt碘必乐。各组分别制成直径0.5cm、高2.5cm的圆柱体,测定各组的可注射时间、显影效果和力学特性,根据测试结果选择合适比例的混合物进行尸体椎体实验,测定椎体修复前后的强度和刚度。结果:在X线下显影的灰度值A组为2163.6±64.6,B组为1541±97.3,C组为1467.3±68.1,D组为1159.8±146.3;A组与另3组比较P<0.05,B组与C组比较P>0.05,B组与D组比较P<0.05,C组与D组比较P<0.05。可注射时间分别为5.5、23、45和67min;抗压强度分别为8.28±4.17、3.64±0.31、2.28±0.25和0.99±0.14mPa,各组间比较有显著性差异(P<0.05)。以CPC+10%wt碘必乐对尸体的压缩骨折椎体行椎体成形术,椎体修复前后的强度分别为631.99±236.62N和940.77±336.54N,椎体修复前后的刚度分别为119.230±44.882N/mm和157.32±37.37N/mm,注射前后比较均有显著性差异(P<0.05)。结论:加入10%wt碘必乐的CPC具有较好的显影性、足够的可注射时间和良好的力学特性,是经皮椎体成形术(PVP)可供选用的填充材料。     

胸腰椎爆裂型骨折的外科治疗

目的探讨胸、腰椎爆裂型骨折手术治疗方法的选择。方法采用腰椎后路短节段椎弓根螺钉内固定术治疗胸、腰椎爆裂型骨折69例,对比患者手术前后神经功能评价、影像学指标及自我满意率。结果平均随访32个月,Frankel评分平均提高1.2级;Cobb角由术前平均35°恢复至6°;椎体塌陷由术前的62%恢复至13%;19例术后CT扫描平均椎管内占位由61%恢复至32%;术后优良率(自我满意率)为72%。结论手术治疗可使患者尽早恢复日常生活,有效恢复脊柱序列及椎管容积、矫正后凸畸形,有利于胸、腰椎功能恢复。     

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折的手术治疗

胸腰椎爆裂性骨折是临床常见的脊柱损伤，多由高能量致伤力导致，如高处坠落伤，车祸伤等。由于椎体爆裂性骨折多伴有脊柱后结构的损伤，脊柱稳定性破坏较多，并大都有椎管被骨折块侵占，治疗目的主要是减压和稳定。对于胸腰椎爆裂性骨折治疗近期治疗的理念并没有大的改变，但手术方法却有一些变化。