局麻下改良和单纯疝环充填式疝修补术在无张力腹股沟疝修补中的对比研究

目的 对比分析局麻下改良和单纯疝环充填式疝修补术两种无张力腹股沟疝修补术的手术效果,探讨个体化的疝修补方法.方法 采用疝环填充式修补术(Rutkow术式)和改良术式(Millikan术式)对各50例腹股沟疝进行治疗并将两组随机对比研究.结果 Millikan组手术平均时间(33±8.6) min,术后并发切口感染及阴囊积液各1例,平均3.6d出院;Rutkow组平均手术时间(28±6.5)min,术后并发尿潴留,切口感染,阴囊积液者分别为1,2,1例,平均4.6d出院;两组手术时间、术后平均住院日、并发症发生率及复发率比较,均无统计学差异(P＞0.05),但Rutkow组术后8h和24 h疼痛程度显著高于Millikan组(P＜0.05).结论 局麻下改良疝环充填式无张力修补术(Millikan手术)更符合腹股沟管解剖和生理,具有术后舒适度较高的优点.     

传统、改良疝环充填式和普理灵疝装置在无张力腹股沟疝修补中的对比研究

目的 为临床合理选用无张力疝修补方式提供依据.方法 采用临床上应用较广的疝环填充式修补术(Rutkow术式)、改良术式(Millikan术式)和普理灵疝装置(PHS)对315例单侧腹股沟疝进行治疗并做随机对比研究.结果 Rutkow、Millikan和PHS三组手术时间平均为36 min、39 min和45 min,平均住院时间分别为3.5 d、1.5 d和1.3 d,术后并发症发生率为10.7%(12/112)、3.8%(4/104)和5.0%(5/99),Rutkow组住院时间及并发症发生率都高于其它两组.与Rutkow组相比,PHS组手术时间较长(P=0.043),但住院时间短(P＝0.007),术后并发症发生少(P＝0.008);而Millikan组手术时间较PHS组短(P＝0.048),在住院时间和术后并发症方面两组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05).术后随访4～36个月,306例获有效随访,共有3例出现复发,复发率<1%(3/306),其中Rutkow组有2例,Millikan组有1例,PHS组至今尚未出现.结论 三种无张力腹股沟疝修补术式均取到了较好的临床效果,但各有优缺点,需"个体化"选择.     

Millikan网塞应用于腹股沟疝修补术48例分析

目的 探讨Millikan网塞疝修补术在腹股沟疝中的应用效果.方法 回顾性分析2005年1月至2010年2月我院应用Millikan网塞疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝48例患者临床资料.结果 手术时间25～60 min,平均加min,45例(93.8%)于术后3 d恢复正常活动,3例(6.2%)在7 d内恢复正常活动.尿潴留1例(2.1%),术后疼痛、异物感6例(12.5%).随访7～24个月,平均15个月,无复发.结论 Millikan网塞疝修补术是一种安全、可靠、创伤小的手术方式.     

腹壁、腹膜、肠系膜、腹膜后

腹腔镜在dHL腹股沟嵌顿疝手术中的应用；腹膜外平片法无张力疝修补术在复杂腹股沟疝中的应用;腹腔镜下腹股沟疝修补术的并发症及其防治方法;Millikan与Rutkow术式治疗腹股沟疝的比较；择期腹股沟疝无张力修补术围手术期预防性抗生素的合理性；疝环充填式无张力修补术治疗438例腹股沟疝；     

Millikan网塞无张力疝修补术治疗腹股沟疝32例体会

目的 探索一种更合理的腹股沟疝修补手术方式.方法 采集我院于2008年1月至2010年1月完成的Millikan网塞无张力疝修补术患者的资料进行总结分析.结果 本组32例共35侧疝,其中急诊疝修补术2例.术后近期尿潴留2例(6.25%),无切口感染、血肿、睾丸炎等并发症;住院时间3~5 d,平均3.5 d.随访2个月至2年,无复发及慢性疼痛发生.结论 Millikan网塞无张力疝修补术是一种操作简便、安全、符合无张力疝修补原则的术式,适用于各型腹股沟疝的修补.     

腹股沟疝网塞修补术与前入路腹膜前修补术前瞻性对照研究(附67例报告)

目的比较两种开放式无张力疝修补术的疗效。方法采用前瞻性随机对照方法,将67例69侧腹股沟疝分为两组:网塞修补组(34例)采用网塞行Rutkow术式,前入路腹膜前修补组(33例)采用15 cm×15 cm预裁剪聚丙烯平片行前入路腹膜前无张力疝修补术。结果均获随访,网塞修补组平均随访7.9个月,前入路腹膜前修补组随访8.1个月。两组平均手术时间、平均住院时间、恢复日常生活时间、切口并发症及阴囊积液发生率比较无显著性差异(P>0.05)。前入路腹膜前修补组平均费用明显少于网塞修补组,术后复发率、腹股沟区疼痛不适、异物感发生率也明显降低(P<0.05)。结论采用预裁剪补片行前入路腹膜前无张力腹股沟疝修补,可明显减少手术费用,降低术后疼痛不适、异物感的发生率,改善疗效,操作简便,安全经济,具有推广价值。     

Shouldice术式和改良Millikan网塞法治疗Ⅱ型腹股沟疝的前瞻性研究

目的对比研究Shouldice术式和改良Millikan网塞法治疗Ⅱ型腹股沟疝的临床效果．探讨Ⅱ型疝修补的最佳术式。方法103例Ⅱ型腹股沟疝病例分为Shouldice术式（A,n=57）组和改良Millikan补片（B,n=46）组。对比观察住院期间及术后12个月随访期各相关指标。结果A和B组随访率分别为93％和96．7％。术后疼痛持续时间、伤口感染、阴囊血肿、阴囊水肿和发热的发生率两组无差异（P〉0．05）：两组间切口长度、出血量、手术时间、平均下床活动及住院时间影响术后康复的因素,以及两组间疝复发率、恢复正常步速时间和提重物时间均无差异（P〉0．05）;但是A组平均住院费用明显低于B组（P=0．000）。结论Shouldice术式在治疗Ⅱ型腹股沟疝．不但可以取得与Millikan网塞修补一样的临床效果,而且具有经济上的绝对优势,是治疗腹股沟疝的一项可靠方法。     

Millikan手术治疗腹股沟疝的临床应用价值

目的 评估Millikan手术治疗腹股沟疝的临床应用价值. 方法 用Millikan方法局麻下修补腹股沟疝52例,以同期行疝环充填式修补术的50例作为对照,观察两组手术效果、并发症、术后复发情况及生活质量等指标. 结果 Millikan方法同疝环充填式修补法在手术时间、麻醉药用量以及围手术期并发症发生率方面比较无差异(P＞0.05).术后住院期间Millikan组镇痛药使用率明显低于 对照组(38.5％ vs.70.0％,P＜0.01).所有病例至少随访1年以上,两组均无复发.Millikan组慢性疼痛3月内仅1例,3月后消失;对照组术后3月慢性疼痛9例,超过1年5例.Millikan组1例有异物感,3月后消失;对照组3月时8例有明显异物感,其中5例时间超过了1年.两组术后慢性疼痛和异物感比较均有统计学差异(P＜0.05). 结论 Millikan术式安全可靠,疗效确切,术后慢性疼痛轻,异物感更少,生活质量更佳.     

腹膜前间隙修补术在女性腹股沟疝治疗中的价值

目的探讨腹膜前间隙疝修补术在治疗女性腹股沟疝中预防股疝的疗效。方法回顾分析江苏大学附属人民医院2010年1月至2013年11月,行开放式腹股沟疝修补的成年1 338例患者临床资料,其中男1 216例,女性1 22例,术式包括Lichtenstein、Rutkow及Gilbert。比较3手术方式男女组疝修补术后继发股疝的情况。结果 Lichtenstein、Rutkow术后女性组继发股疝高于男性组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);Gilbert组术后女性无继发股疝,较Lichtenstein、Rutkow手术,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论腹膜间隙修补术为全耻骨肌孔修补,在降低女性腹股沟疝修补术后继发股疝的发生具有临床价值。     

运用改良网塞补片行腹膜前间隙腹股沟疝修补的前瞻性对照研究

目的 评价改变外形的网塞补片在腹股沟疝的腹膜前间隙修补中的安全性和有效性.方法 对2008年12月至2010年5月收治的134例原发腹股沟疝患者,138个疝,分2组,实验组67例(70侧)疝,采用北京天助畅运的网塞补片行Rutkow术,对照组67例(68侧)疝,采用外形改良的北京天助畅运网塞补片对腹股沟疝进行腹膜前间隙的修补.结果 127例得到随访,随访率95%.随访时间2～18个月,平均9.2个月.其中实验组随访64例,平均随访(9±4)个月;对照组随访63例,平均随访(9±5)个月.两组手术时间比较(P=0.080)、术中出血量比较(P=0.116)、术后住院时间比较(P=0.318)、术后总并发症比较(P=0.697)差异无统计学意义;术后实验组疼痛要轻于对照组,术后第2天疼痛分数差异有统计学意义(P=0.048).两组在随访期内均无复发.结论 运用改良的网塞补片行腹膜前间隙修补治疗腹股沟疝与传统的一样安全有效,在舒适性上更具优势.     

Vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction during major abdominal surgery

Background : We investigated the vasopressor hormone response following mesenteric traction (MT) with hypotension due to prostacyclin (PGI₂) release in patients undergoing abdominal surgery with a combined general and epidural anesthesia. Methods : In a prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled study we administered 400 mg ibuprofen (i.v.) in 42 patients scheduled for abdominal surgery. General anesthesia was combined with epidural anesthesia (T4-L1). Before as well as 5, 15, 30, 45, and 90 min after MT we recorded plasma osmolality, hemodynamics and measured 6-keto-PGFlα (stabile metabolite of PGI₂), TXB₂ (stabile metabolite of thromboxane A₂) active renin, and arginine vasopressin (AVP) plasma concentrations by radioimmunoassay. Catecholamine levels were assessed by high-pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC) with electrochemical detection. Results : Following MT, arterial hypotension occurred along with a substantial PGI₂ release. This was completely abolished by ibuprofen administration. Although plasma levels of 6-keto-PGF_1α (1133 (708) vs. 60 (3) ng/L, median (median absolute deviation), P=0.0001, placebo vs. ibuprofen) remained significantly elevated, blood pressure was restored within 30 min after MT in the placebo group. At the same point in time plasma concentrations of TXB² (164 (87) vs. 58 (1) ng/L, P=0.0001), epinephrine (46 (33) vs. 14 (6) ng/L, P=0.001), AVP (41 ± (18) vs. 12 (7) ng/L, P=0.0004), and active renin (27 (12) vs. 12 (4) ng/L, P = 0.001) were significantly higher in placebo-treated patients. Conclusion : Under combined general and epidural anesthesia arterial hypotension following MT due to endogenous PGI₂ release is associated with enhanced release of AVP, active renin, epinephrine and thromboxane A₂, presumably contributing to hemodynamic stability within 30 min after MT.     

A Teaspoon Pump for Pumping Blood with High Hydraulic Efficiency and Low Hemolysis Potential

Abstract: Virtually all blood pumps contain some kind of rubbing, sliding, closely moving machinery surfaces that are exposed to the blood being pumped. These valves, internal bearings, magnetic bearing position sensors, and shaft seals cause most of the problems with blood pumps. The original teaspoon pump design prevented the rubbing, sliding machinery surfaces from contacting the blood. However, the hydraulic efficiency was low because the blood was able to "slip around" the rotating impeller so that the blood itself never rotated fast enough to develop adequate pressure. An improved teaspoon blood pump has been designed and tested and has shown acceptable hydraulic performance and low hemolysis potential. The new pump uses a nonrotating "swinging" hose as the pump impeller. The fluid enters the pump through the center of the swinging hose; therefore, there can be no fluid slip between the revolving blood and the revolving impeller. The new pump uses an impeller that is comparable to a flexible garden hose. If the free end of the hose were swung around in a circle like half of a jump rope, the fluid inside the hose would rotate and develop pressure even though the hose impeller itself did not "rotate"; therefore, no rotating shaft seal or internal bearings are required.     

Microspheres Based Detoxification System: A New Method in Convective Blood Purification

Abstract: A variety of protein-bound or hydrophobic substances, accumulating as a result of pathologic conditions such as exogenous or endogenous intoxications, are removed poorly by conventional detoxification methods because of low accessibility (hemodialysis), insufficient adsorption capabilities (hemosorption), low efficiency (peritoneal dialysis), or economic limitations (high-volume plasmapheresis). Combining advantages of existing methods with microspheric technology, a module-based system was designed. Major operating parameters of the latter can be modified to allow for adjustment to individual clinical situations. An extracorporeal blood circuit including a plasmafilter is combined with a secondary high-velocity plasma circuit driven by a centrifugal pump. Different microspheric adsorbers can be combined in one circuit or applied in sequence. Thus, a prolonged treatment can be tailored using specially designed selective adsorber materials. Comparing this system with existing methods (high-flux hemodialysis, molecular adsorbent recycling system), results from our in vitro studies and animal experiments demonstrate the superior efficiency of substance removal.     

A comparison of the inhibitory effects of four volatile anaesthetics on the metabolism of chlorzoxazone, a substrate for CYP2E1, in rabbits

Background: Halothane inhibits in vitro and in vivo activity of cytochrome P-450 (CYP) 2E1. There are several fluorinated volatile anaesthetics besides halothane, and most of them are defluorinated by CYP2E1. It is unclear whether other fluorinated anaesthetics inhibit the in vivo activity of CYP2E1.
Methods: We compared the inhibitory effects of therapeutic concentrations of four inhalational anaesthetics, halothane, enflurane, isoflurane, and sevoflurane, on chlorzoxazone metabolism in rabbits receiving artificial ventilation.
Results: All four inhalational anaesthetics decreased arterial blood pressure and increased plasma chlorzoxazone concentration. However, no significant differences in the plasma chlorzoxazone concentration were found between the four anaesthetics. The estimated chlorzoxazone clearance increased after beginning inhalation with all four agents, but no significant difference in clearance was noted between agents.
Conclusions: At therapeutic concentrations, the in vivo inhibitory effect on chlorzoxazone metabolism was similar for all four inhalational anaesthetics examined, even though their chemical characteristics and extent of hepatic metabolism differ considerably.     

Tissue perfusion in relation to cardiac output during continuous positive-pressure ventilation and administration of propranolol or verapamil

Background : Our objective was to determine whether administration of propranolol or verapamil modifies the hemodynamic adaptation to continuous positive-pressure ventilation (CPPV), in particular the regional distribution of cardiac output (CO).
Methods : General hemodynamics and regional blood flows assessed by microsphere technique (15 (μm) were recorded in 16 anesthetized pigs during spontaneous breathing (SB) and CPPV with 8 cm H₂O end-expiratory pressure (CPPV8) before and after intravenous administration of propranolol (0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.15 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8) or verapamil (0.1 mg · kg⁻¹ followed by 0.3 mg · kg⁻¹ · h⁻¹, n=8).
Results : CPPV8 depressed CO by 25% without shifts in its relative distribution with the exception of a noteworthy increase in adrenal perfusion. Propranolol increased arterial blood pressure, and due to a fall in heart rate, CO dropped by 25%. The kidneys and, to a lesser extent, the splanchic region and central nervous system received increased fractions of the remaining CO at the expense of skeletal muscle flow. Similar patterns were seen during SB and CPPV8 such that the combination of propranolol and CPPV8 depressed CO by 50%. The circulatory effects of verapamil were less evident but myocardial perfusion tended to increase.
Conclusions : The combination of propranolol or verapamil with CPPV does not result in any specific hemodynamic interaction in anesthetized pigs, except that the combined effect of propranolol and CPPV may severely reduce CO.     

Bariatric Surgery in Some "Central and East-European (former Eastern bloc)"Countries - Current Status and Prediction for the Next Millennium

Background: Obesity is increasing globallly, including in the formerly "Eastern Bloc" countries. Methods: A survey was made of obesity and bariatric surgery. Results: In the 8 East and Central European countries studied, with total population 300 million, roughly 43% of the population was overweight (BMI 25-30), 23% obese (BMI > 30), with about 15 million people morbidly obese (BMI > 40). From 0-10 morbidly obese individuals/100,000/year undergo bariatric surgery. Conclusion: Most countries were found to provide inadequate treatment for obesity.The majority of the morbidly obese are not treated effectively. However, health-care awareness of obesity and bariatric surgeons are slowly increasing.     

Volatile anaesthetics reduce adhesion of blood platelets under low-flow conditions in the coronary system of isolated guinea pig hearts

Background : Inhibitory effects of volatile anaesthetics on platelet aggregation have been demonstrated in several studies. However, the influence of volatile anaesthetics on intracoronary platelet adhesion has not been elucidated so far.
Methods : Isolated hearts of guinea pigs were perfused with buffer in the absence or presence of volatile anaesthetics (0.5 and 1 MAC) at constant coronary flow rates of 5 ml/min for 25 min, then 1 ml/min for 30 min and again 5 ml/min for 10 min. Before, during and after low-flow perfusion, a bolus of human platelets was applied into the coronary system. To simulate thrombogenic conditions, 0.3 U/ml human thrombin was infused during low-flow perfusion and reperfusion. The number of platelets sequestered to the endothelium was calculated from the difference between coronary in- and output of platelets. The myocardial production of lactate and consumption of pyruvate and coronary perfusion pressure were also determined.
Results : At a flow rate of 5 ml/min only about 3% of the applied platelets did not emerge from the coronary system, in any group. In contrast, 13.1±1.2% (mean±SEM) of infused platelets became adherent in low-flow perfusion in the control group without anaesthetic. The adherence was reduced with each 1 MAC isoflurane (to 6.2±1.2%), sevoflurane (to 4.4±0.9%) or halothane (to 3.2±1.5%) (each P <0.05 vs. control). Volatile anaesthetic, 0.5 MAC, did not inhibit platelet adhesion to a statistically significant extent in any case. Perfusion pressure and metabolic parameters were not statistically different between the control and the hearts exposed to anaesthetics.
Conclusion : Volatile anaesthetics in a concentration of 1 MAC can reduce the adhesion of platelets in the coronary system under reduced flow conditions. This action does not arise from vasodilation or inhibition of ischaemic stress.     

Synergistic interaction between the effects of propofol and midazolam with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity in rabbits

Background: It has been shown that the depressive effects of both propofol and midazolam on consciousness are synergistic with opioids, but the nature of their interactions on other physiological systems, e. g. respiration, has not been fully investigated. The present study examined the effect of propofol and midazolam alone and in combination with fentanyl on phrenic nerve activity (PNA) and whether such interactions are additive or synergistic. Methods: PNA was recorded in 27 anaesthetised and artificially ventilated rabbits. In three groups, propofol, fentanyl and midazolam were administered intravenously in incremental doses to construct dose-response curves for the depressant effects of each one on PNA. In another two groups, the effect of pretreatment with either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. on the effects of propofol and fentanyl respectively on PNA were studied. Results: Propofol and fentanyl caused a dose-dependent depression of PNA with complete abolition at the highest total doses of 16 mg · kg^?1 i. v. and 32 μg · kg^?1 i. v., respectively. In contrast, midazolam in incremental doses to a total of 0.8 mg · kg^?1 reduced mean PNA by 63%, but approximately 12% of PNA remained at a total dose as high as 6.4 mg · kg^?1. The mean ED₅₀s, calculated from dose-response curves, were 5.4 mg · kg^?1, 3.9 μg · kg^?1 and 0.4 mg · kg^?1 for propofol, fentanyl and midazolam, respectively. Initial doses of either fentanyl 1 μg · kg^?1 i. v. or midazolam 0.05 mg · kg^?1 i. v. acted synergistically with subsequent doses of either propofol or fentanyl to abolish PNA at total doses of 8 mg · kg^?1 and 8 μg · kg^?1, respectively. Conclusion: Fentanyl has a synergistic interaction with both propofol and midazolam on PNA and hence potentially on respiration.     

Influence of dopexamine hydrochloride on haemodynamics and regulators of circulation in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery

Background: Catecholaminergic support is often used to improve haemodynamics in patients undergoing major abdominal surgery. Dopexamine is a synthetic vasoactive catecholamine with beneficial microcirculatory properties. Methods: The influence of perioperative administration of dopexamine on cardiorespiratory data and important regulators of macro- and microcirculation were studied in 30 patients undergoing Whipple pancreaticduodenectomy. The patients received randomized and blinded either 2 μg · kg^?1 · min^?1 of dopexamine (n=15) or placebo (n=15, control group). The infusion was started after induction of anaesthesia and continued until the morning of the first postoperative day. Endothelin-1 (ET-1), vasopressin, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP), and catecholamine plasma levels were measured from arterial blood samples. Measurements were carried out after induction of anaesthesia, 2 h after onset of surgery, at the end of surgery, 2 h after surgery, and on the morning of the first postoperative day. Results: Cardiac index (CI) increased significantly in the dopexamine group (from 2.61±0.41 to 4.57±0.78 1 · min^?1 · m^?2) and remained elevated until the morning of the first postoperative day. Oxygen delivery index (DO₂I) and oxygen consumption index (VO₂I) were also significantly increased in the dopexamine group (DO₂I: from 416±91 to 717±110 ml/m² · m²; VO₂I: from 98±25 to 157±22 ml/m² · m²), being significantly higher than in the control group. pHi remained stable only in the dopexamine patients, indicating adequate splanchnic perfusion. Vasopressive regulators of circulation increased significantly only in the untreated control patients (vasopressin: from 4.37±1.1 to 35.9±12.1 pg/ml; ET-1: from 2.88±0.91 to 6.91±1.20 pg/ml). Conclusion: Patients undergoing major abdominal surgery may profit from prophylactic perioperative administration of dopexamine hydrochloride in the form of improved haemodynamics and oxygenation as well as beneficial influence on important regulators of organ blood flow.     

Systemic analgesia adapted to the children's condition

A concept of balanced analgesia using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), paracetamol (acetaminophen), opioids, and corticosteroids can also be used in patients with pre-existing illnesses. NSAIDs are the most effective treatment for acute pain of moderate intensity in children; however, these drugs should be avoided in patients at increased risk for serious side effects, e.g. patients with renal impairment, bleeding tendency, or extreme prematurity. NSAIDs can be given with minimal risks to the younger child with mild to moderate asthma, and, in these patients, the use of steroids can be encouraged; in addition to their antiemetic and analgesic action, a beneficial effect on asthma symptoms can be expected. In the non-intubated child with cerebral trauma, exaggerated sedation caused by opioids and increased bleeding tendency caused by NSAIDs must be avoided. In neonates and small infants, the oral administration of sucrose or glucose is helpful to minimize pain reaction during short uncomfortable interventions.