丹酚酸B预处理对心肌缺血/再灌注损伤能量代谢的影响

目的 观察丹酚酸B预处理对大鼠心肌缺血/再灌注损伤（MI/RI）能量代谢的作用。方法 通过结扎冠状动脉30min再灌注2 h建立大鼠MI/RI模型,随机分为4组：假手术组、模型组及丹酚酸B高、低（20、10 mg/kg）组,于建立模型前7 d开始ip给药,每天1次;再灌注结束后,采用比色法测定血清乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）、肌酸激酶（CK）活力,染色法测定心肌梗死面积（MIA）,定磷法测定心肌组织Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性。结果 与模型组（42.60%）比较,丹酚酸B高、低剂量组的MIA分别缩小至35.93%和37.21%,差异显著（P<0.05）;与模型组比较,丹酚酸B高、低剂量组血清CK、LDH活力均显著降低（P<0.05、0.01）;与模型组比较,丹酚酸B高、低剂量组心肌组织Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶、Ca²⁺-Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性均显著升高（P<0.05、0.01）。结论 丹酚酸B预处理可保护MI/RI所致心肌损伤,作用途径可能与改善心肌组织的能量代谢相关。     

中药大黄的生化学研究ⅩⅫ蒽醌衍生物对兔肾髓质Na+-K+-ATP酶活性的抑制和利尿作用

家兔实验表明:大黄素、大黄酸以30 mg/kg的剂量灌胃给药,2～4h后尿量、排Na⁺和K⁺量达最高峰,比对照组明显增多。而芦荟大黄素和大黄酚的作用较弱。大黄素、大黄酸和芦荟大黄素对免肾髓质Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性有较强的竞争性抑制作用。     

人参二醇皂甙和三醇皂甙对兔纹状体ATP酶的影响

本文报道用体外给药法,观察了PDS和PTS对纹状体ATP酶(Na⁺、K⁺-ATP酶,Ca²⁺-ATP酶及M²⁺-ATP酶)的影响。结果发现PDS和PTS对Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶都有明显的抑制作用,且随PDS和PTS浓度的高低,其抑制作用增强或减弱;对Ca²⁺-ATP酶,PDS在10^-5g/ml时有激活作用,当浓度增高到10^-3g/mL时则转为抑制,而PTS仅为抑制效应;对于Mg²⁺-ATP酶能被PDS所兴奋,而被PTS所抑制。此结果表明PDS和PTS对中枢神经系统的作用,可能与其影响脑内ATP酶有密切的内在联系。     

四肽FMRFa对大鼠心室肌Na+/Ca2+交换的抑制

目的　研究四肽FMRFa对大鼠单个心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换的作用。方法　用膜片钳全细胞记录法测定成年大鼠心室肌细胞Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换电流(I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺)和其他离子通道电流。结果　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺呈浓度依赖性抑制,100μmol·L^-1浓度时抑制内向和外向I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺密度分别达60.1%和56.5%,对内向电流及外向电流的IC₅₀分别为20μmol·L^-1和34μmol·L^-1。FMRFa5μmol·L^-1抑制I_Na⁺/Ca²⁺内向和外向电流密度分别为38.7%和34.9%,但FMRFa5μmol·L^-1及20μmol·L^-1对L型钙电流、钠电流、瞬时外向电流和内向整流钾电流均无显著抑制作用。结论　FMRFa对大鼠心室肌细胞是一个特异性Na⁺/Ca²⁺交换抑制剂。     

前胡香豆素对肾型高血压大鼠左室肥厚及心肌胞内钙、Na+,K+-ATP酶和Ca2+,Mg2+-ATP酶活性的影响

目的研究前胡香豆素组分对肾型高血压左室肥厚的预防和逆转作用及机制。方法用两肾一夹肾型高血压左室肥厚大鼠(RHR)模型,测定前胡香豆素组分对其血压、左室湿重、心肌细胞面积、胞内静息钙及胞膜和线粒体ATP酶活性的影响。结果前胡香豆素组分(30 mg·kg^-1·d^-1,ig)预防组及逆转组大鼠血压、左室湿重/体重均较肥厚组明显降低;左室心肌细胞面积、胞内静息钙均较肥厚组降低;对KCl致钙浓度升高亦明显低于肥厚组;两组均可增加心肌细胞膜及线粒体Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶和Ca²⁺,Mg²⁺-ATP酶活性。结论前胡香豆素组分可预防及逆转RHR左室肥厚,减少心肌细胞内钙含量,增加ATP酶活性。     

柴胡皂甙和甘草甜素抑制Na+,K+-ATP酶活性的构效关系

研究在离体条件下各种单体柴胡皂甙和甘草甜素抑制Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶活性的构效关系。实验结果表明,各种柴胡皂甙抑制Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶活性的作用强度依次为:b₁>d>b₂>b₄>a>b₃>e>c。柴胡皂甙化学结构中的C₂₃-OH,C₁₆-OH及C₁₁和C₁₃的共轭双烯可能对其抑制活性起重要作用。甘草甜素(GL),甘草次酸(GA)和生胃酮(18-β-甘草次酸半琥珀酸双钠盐,CX)抑制Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶活性的作用强度依次为GA≥CX>GL。研究还证明,柴胡皂甙d对Na⁺,K⁺-ATP酶的抑制为非竟争性抑制。     

重组人生长激素联合头孢曲松治疗新生儿败血症的临床研究

目的 探讨注射用重组人生长激素联合注射用头孢曲松钠治疗患儿新生儿败血症的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年5月—2021年1月许昌市中心医院收治的86例新生儿败血症患儿作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将86例患儿分为对照组和治疗组,每组各43例。对照组患儿微泵静脉滴注注射用头孢曲松钠20 mg/kg,1次/d。治疗组在对照组治疗的基础上腹部肌注注射用重组人生长激素,剂量0.1 IU/kg,1次/2 d。两组患儿连续治疗8 d。观察两组患儿的临床疗效,比较两组患儿症状体征改善时间,以及血清中C反应蛋白（CRP）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、降钙素原（PCT）、CD4⁺/CD16⁺、CD3⁺、CD4⁺水平。结果 治疗后,治疗组的总有效率（95.35%）高于对照组（81.40%）,组间差异有显著性（P<0.05）。治疗后,治疗组的体温恢复时间、拒奶消失时间、住院时间均明显短于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组的血清CRP、IL-6、PCT水平明显降低（P<0.05）;且治疗组的血清CRP、IL-6、PCT水平低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,治疗组的CD4⁺/CD16⁺较治疗前显著降低,CD3⁺、CD4⁺较治疗前显著升高（P<0.05）;治疗组患者的CD4⁺/CD16⁺明显低于对照组,CD3⁺、CD4⁺高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 注射用重组人生长激素联合注射用头孢曲松钠可提高新生儿败血症的疗效,有助于改善临床症状,降低炎症反应,改善患儿的免疫功能,药物安全性良好。     

D-半乳糖衰老模型观察的新指标

目的　观察D-半乳糖衰老模型与正常小鼠之间衰老指标的差别。方法　采用D 半乳糖sc造成衰老小鼠模型,测定脑组织Ca²⁺含量、Ca²⁺-ATP酶(钙泵)、Na⁺-ATP酶(钠泵)、NO和AngII胰岛素(ISN)活性。结果　D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠与对照组比较脑组织Ca²⁺含量(P<0.01)、NO水平(P<0.05)明显增加;Ca²⁺-ATP酶、Na⁺-ATP酶活性下降(P<0.01) ,胰岛素、AngII水平明显下降(P<0.01) ,Zn²⁺/Cu²⁺比值有显著性差异。结论　D-半乳糖衰老模型小鼠与正常小鼠之间在组织Ca²⁺含量、Ca²⁺-ATP酶(钙泵)、Na⁺-ATP酶(钠泵)、NO、AngII和胰岛素活性有显著性差异,Zn²⁺/Cu²⁺比值下降,可作为抗衰老药物研究的模型。     

毒毛旋花子苷元对豚鼠心室肌细胞内钙浓度的影响

观察毒毛旋花子苷元(strophanthidin, Str)对分离豚鼠心室肌细胞内游离钙浓度(［Ca²⁺］_i)的影响。酶解分离豚鼠心室肌细胞, 用Fluo 3-AM负载, 激光共聚焦显微镜法测定单个豚鼠心室肌细胞［Ca²⁺］_i的荧光密度。Str可浓度依赖性地升高［Ca²⁺］_i, Str (10 μmol·L^-1)在［Ca²⁺］_i升高达峰值时, 可使细胞挛缩, 而Str (1和10 nmol·L^-1)对细胞形态无影响。TTX、 尼索地平或升高细胞外钙可影响Str (1和100 nmol·L^-1)对［Ca²⁺］_i的升高作用,而对Str (10 μmol·L^-1)无明显影响。在外液中加入ryanodine或去除细胞外钙, 则3个检测浓度的Str升高［Ca²⁺］_i作用均被明显抑制。在无K⁺、 无Na⁺液中, 10 μmol·L^-1 Str升高［Ca²⁺］_i的作用减弱, 而Str (1和100 nmol·L^-1)升高［Ca²⁺］_i的作用无明显影响。加入TTX、 尼索地平或增加细胞外的钙离子浓度, 则3个检测浓度Str的作用均受到影响。提示低浓度Str对［Ca²⁺］_i的升高作用与抑制Na⁺、K⁺-ATP酶活性无关, 而与促进L-型钙通道和TTX敏感性钠通道的“slip-mode”钙电导有关; 高浓度Str升高［Ca²⁺］_i的作用则是抑制Na⁺、K⁺-ATP酶的结果。此外, Str对［Ca²⁺］_i的升高作用还与直接作用于ryanodine受体促进内钙释放有关。     

CD4+CD25+调节性T淋巴细胞在儿童传染性单核细胞增多症的变化及作用

目的 观察儿童传染性单核细胞增多症（IM）治疗前后外周血T淋巴细胞亚群和CD4⁺CD25⁺调节性T淋巴细胞（Treg细胞）比例变化,分析Treg对IM的影响。方法 选取2017年1月至2018年5月安徽医科大学第二附属医院儿科收治的IM患儿60例作为观察组,以同期于本院儿童保健门诊行体检的40例健康儿童作为对照组,采用流式细胞术检测观察组治疗前、后及对照组的外周血T细胞亚群（CD3⁺T细胞、CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞、CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞比例,CD4/CD8比值）、CD4⁺CD25⁺调节性T淋巴细胞比例,对比分析两组患者机体细胞免疫功能的变化。结果 观察组治疗前CD3⁺T细胞比例、CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞比例显著高于对照组;CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞比例、CD4/CD8比值低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。观察组治疗后CD3⁺T细胞比例、CD3⁺CD8⁺T细胞比例均低于观察组治疗前;CD3⁺CD4⁺T细胞比例、CD4/CD8比值高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义（P <0.05）。观察组治疗前外周血Treg细胞比例低于正常对照组,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）;而观察组治疗后外周血Treg细胞比例高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）。结论 IM患儿存在T细胞亚群比例的变化,Treg细胞水平的降低,可能参与IM患儿疾病的发生发展过程。     

Influence of Haplophyllum tuberculatum on the Cardiovascular System

The aqueous extract of H. tuberculatum significantly decreased the contractility and the heart rate but did not affect the flow rate of isolated perfused rabbit heart. This effect was not blocked by atropine; however, the muscarinic antagonist blocked the fall in blood pressure seen when the extract was administered to anaesthetized cats. The extract also stimulated rabbit aortic strip, rat vas deferens, and rat anococcygeus muscles. These adrenergic effects were largely reduced by phentolamine. The extract may contain a mixture of pharmacologically active ingredients that necessiate its separation.     

Influence of kaempferol,a flavonoid compound,on membrane-bound ATPases in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats

Abstract

Context: Kaempferol is a flavonoid found in many edible plants (e.g. tea, cabbage, beans, tomato, strawberries, and grapes) and in plants or botanical products commonly used in traditional medicine. Numerous preclinical studies have shown that kaempferol have a wide range of pharmacological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, cardioprotective, neuroprotective, and antidiabetic activities.

Objective: The present study investigates the effect of kaempferol on membrane-bound ATPases in erythrocytes and in liver, kidney, and heart of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats.

Materials and methods: Diabetes was induced into adult male albino rats of the Wistar strain, by intraperitoneal administration of STZ (40?mg/kg body weight (BW)). Kaempferol (100?mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600?µg/kg BW) was administered orally once daily for 45?d to normal and STZ-induced diabetic rats. The effects of kaempferol on membrane-bound ATPases (total ATPase, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-ATPase, and Mg²⁺-ATPase) activity in erythrocytes and in liver, kidney, and heart were determined.

Results: In our study, diabetic rats had significantly (p?<?0.05) decreased activities of total ATPases, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase, Ca²⁺-ATPase, and Mg²⁺-ATPase in erythrocytes and tissues. Oral administration of kaempferol (100?mg/kg BW) or glibenclamide (600?µg/kg BW) for a period of 45?d resulted in significant (p?<?0.05) reversal of these enzymes' activities to near normal in erythrocytes and tissues when compared with diabetic control rats.

Discussion and conclusion: Thus, obtained results indicate that administration of kaempferol has the potential to restore deranged activity of membrane-bound ATPases in STZ-induced diabetic rats. Further detailed investigation is necessary to discover kaempferol’s action mechanism.     

不同生境人参茎叶总皂苷对心律失常小鼠的作用比较

目的 探讨园参茎叶总皂苷(GSLS)和林下山参茎叶总皂苷(MSLS)对心律失常小鼠的改善作用.方法 将80只SPF级BALB/c小鼠随机分为正常组、模型组、园参茎叶总皂苷低(GSLS-L)、中(GSLS-M)、高(GSLS-H)剂量组、林下山参茎叶总皂苷低(MSLS-L)、中(MSLS-M)、高(MSLS-H)剂量组....     

Effect of heparin treatment on the expression and activity of different ion-motive P-type ATPase isoforms from mouse extensor digitorum longus muscle during degeneration and regeneration after Bothrops jararacussu venom injection

Ca²⁺ ions are essential to myonecrosis, a serious complication of snake envenomation, and heparin seems to counteract this effect. We investigated the effect of local injection of Bothrops jararacussu venom in mouse fast-twitch extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscle, without or with heparin, on functional/molecular alterations of two central proteins involved in intracellular Ca²⁺ homeostasis, sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca²⁺-ATPase (SERCA) and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase. EDL-specific SERCA1 isoform expression dropped significantly just after venom administration (up to 60% compared to control EDL values at days 1 and 3; p < 0.05) while SERCA2 and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α₁ isoform expression increased at the same time (3-6- and 2-3-fold, respectively; p < 0.05). Although not significant, Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase α₂ isoform followed the same trend. Except for SERCA2, all proteins reached basal levels at the 7th day. Intravenous heparin treatment did not affect these profiles. Ca²⁺-ATPase activity was also decreased during the first days after venom injection, but here heparin was effective to reinstate activity to control levels within 3 days. We also showed that B. jararacussu venom directly inhibited Ca²⁺-ATPase activity in a concentration-dependent manner. Our results indicate that EDL SERCA and Na⁺/K⁺-ATPase are importantly affected by B. jararacussu venom and heparin has protective effect on activity but not on protein expression.     

Molecular and functional characterization of the human platelet Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchanger is a bi-directional transporter that plays an important role in maintaining the concentration of cytosolic Ca(2+) ([Ca(2+) ](i) ) of quiescent platelets and increasing it during activation with some, but not all, agonists. There are two classes of Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers: K(+) -independent Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchanger (NCX) and K(+) -dependent Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchanger (NCKX). Platelets have previously been shown to express NCKX1. However, initial studies from our laboratory suggest that NCX may also play a role in platelet activation. The objective of this study was to determine if the human platelet expresses functional NCXs. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH RT-PCR, DNA sequencing and Western blot analysis were utilized to characterize the human platelet Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers. Their function during quiescence and collagen-induced activation was determined by measuring [Ca(2+) ](i) with calcium-green/fura-red in response to: changes in the Na(+) and K(+) gradient, NCX pharmacological inhibitors (CBDMB, KB-R7943 and SEA0400) and antibodies specific to extracellular epitopes of the exchangers. KEY RESULTS Human platelets express NCX1.3, NCX3.2 and NCX3.4. The NCXs operate in the Ca(2+) efflux mode in resting platelets and also during their activation with thrombin but not collagen. Collagen-induced increase in [Ca(2+) ](i) was reduced with the pharmacological inhibitors of NCX (CBDMB, KB-R7943 or SEA0400), anti-NCX1 and anti-NCX3. In contrast, anti-NCKX1 enhanced the collagen-induced increase in [Ca(2+) ](i) . CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Human platelets express K(+) -independent Na(+) /Ca(2+) exchangers NCX1.3, NCX3.2 and NCX3.4. During collagen activation, NCX1 and NCX3 transiently reverse to promote Ca(2+) influx, whereas NCKX1 continues to operate in the Ca(2+) efflux mode to reduce [Ca(2+) ](i) .     

Effects of adult-onset choline deprivation on the activities of acetylcholinesterase, (Na,K)- and Mg-ATPase in crucial rat brain regions

Choline (Ch) plays an important role in brain neurotransmission, while Ch-deprivation (CD) has been linked to various pathophysiological states. Prolonged ingestion of Ch-deficient diet (CDD) is known to produce CD causing a reduction of rat brain acetylcholine (ACh) levels, as well as memory and growth disorders. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of a 2-month adult-onset CD on the activities of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), (Na⁺,K⁺)- and Mg²⁺-ATPase in crucial brain regions of male rats. Adult rats were divided into two groups (control and CD). The CD group was fed with CDD for 2-months. At the end of the second month, rats were sacrificed by decapitation and the brain regions were rapidly removed. Enzyme activities were measured spectrophotometrically in the homogenated frontal cortex, hippocampus, hypothalamus, cerebellum, and pons. In CD rats, AChE activity was found statistically significantly increased in the hippocampus and the cerebellum (+28%, P < 0.001 and +46%, P < 0.001, respectively, as compared to control), while it was found unaltered in the other three regions (frontal cortex, hypothalamus and pons). (Na⁺,K⁺)-ATPase activity was found increased by CD in the frontal cortex (+30%, P < 0.001), decreased in both hippocampus and hypothalamus (−68%, P < 0.001 and −51%, P < 0.001, respectively), and unaltered in both cerebellum and pons. No statistically significant changes were observed in the activities of Mg²⁺-ATPase in the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus, while statistically significant increases were recorded in the hippocampus (+21%, P < 0.01), the cerebellum (+85%, P < 0.001) and the pons (+19%, P < 0.05), as compared to control levels. Our data suggest that adult-onset CD can have significant effects on the examined brain parameters in the examined crucial brain regions, as well as that CD is a metabolic disorder towards which different and brain region specific neurophysiological responses seem to occur. Following a 2-month adult-onset CD, the activity of AChE was found to be increased in the hippocampus and the cerebellum and unaltered in the other three regions (frontal cortex, hypothalamus and pons), while Na⁺,K⁺-ATPase activity was found to be increased in the frontal cortex, decreased in both hippocampus and hypothalamus, and unaltered in both cerebellum and pons. Moreover, Mg²⁺-ATPase activity was found to be unaltered in the frontal cortex and the hypothalamus, and increased in the hippocampus, the cerebellum and the pons. The observed differentially affected activities of AChE, (Na⁺,K⁺)-ATPase and Mg²⁺-ATPase (induced by CD) could result in modulations of cholinergic neurotransmission, neural excitability, metabolic energy production, Mg²⁺ homeostasis and protein synthesis (that might have a variety of neurophysiological consequences depending on the brain region in which they seem to occur).     

Specific activity and sensitivity to strophanthin of the Na+ + K+-activated ATPase in rats and guinea-pigs with hypoadrenalism

Summary In adrenalectomised rats and in guinea-pigs pretreated with metyrapone the specific activity of the Na⁺ + K⁺-stimulated ATPase of heart and kidney is significantly diminished, whereas the activity of the Mg⁺⁺-ATPase remains unchanged. The specific activity of the Na⁺ + K⁺-stimulated ATPase from brain tissue is not influenced by either adrenalectomy or by treatment with metyrapone.The sensitivity of the Na⁺ + K⁺-stimulated ATPase of heart, brain and kidney to k-strophanthin remains unchanged by adrenalectomy or by treatment with metyrapone.Supported by the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (SFB 30, Kardiologie).     

阿米洛利对大鼠压力超负荷性心肌肥厚的抑制作用

目的　观察钠氢交换体(NHE)抑制剂阿米洛利(Ami)对压力超负荷左室肥厚(LVH)大鼠心功能、心肌细胞内游离钙浓度([Ca²⁺]_i)及心肌细胞膜Na⁺ 、K⁺-ATP酶活性的影响。方法　①同步记录离体工作心脏LVSP、LVEDP、±dp/dt_max及T值;②测定Fura-2/A负载后的单个心室肌细胞的[Ca²⁺]_i;③光电比     

Cholinergic regulation of Na+-K+-ATPase activity in rat parotid gland: changes after castration

In this study, we investigated the different signalling pathways involved in muscarinic acetylcholine M(3) receptor-dependent modulation of Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase in parotid glands from normal and castrated rats. Carbachol inhibited the enzyme activity in parotid glands from control rats while it stimulated the enzyme activity in castrated rats. The inhibition of Ca(2+) calmodulin by trifluoperazine abolished the inhibitory effect of carbachol in control rats, while the inhibition of protein kinase C by staurosporine stimulated Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase. In castrated rats, trifluoperazine inhibited the carbachol-stimulant effect while staurosporine had no effect. Results indicate that in control glands the activation of a phospholipid-Ca(2+) calmodulin-dependent protein kinase C is responsible for the inhibitory effect of carbachol on Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase activity. In castrated rats, the activation of the enzyme by carbachol is regulated by its Ca(2+) calmodulin-stimulating action, and not by activation of protein kinase C. The activation of the Na(+)-K(+)-ATPase observed in castrated rats resulted in a decrease in carbachol-induced net K(+) efflux and thereby could decrease salivary fluid production.