孟鲁司特联合沙丁胺醇气雾剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效及对炎症因子的影响

目的探讨孟鲁司特联合沙丁胺醇气雾剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效及对炎症因子的影响。方法选取2015年1月-2016年1月渭南市妇幼保健院儿科收治的咳嗽变异性哮喘患者120例,随机平均分配为观察组和对照组,对照组仅给予沙丁胺醇气雾剂治疗,观察组给予孟鲁司特联合沙丁胺醇气雾剂治疗。比较两组患者的临床疗效、患者肺功能恢复情况以及血清中炎症因子变化情况。结果治疗2个月后,对照组和观察组的有效率分别为73.3%和96.7%,观察组的有效率明显高于对照组,两组比较差异显著（P<0.05）。治疗前,两组患者FEV1、FEV1/FVC等肺功能相关的指标无统计学差异。治疗后,两组患者FEV1、FEV1/FVC均显著升高,与治疗前比较差异显著（P<0.05）;且观察组明显高于对照组,两组比较差异显著（P<0.05）。治疗前,两组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α水平无显著差异;治疗后,两组患者IL-6、TNF-α水平均显著降低,与治疗前比较差异显著（P<0.05）;且观察组患者治疗血清IL-6、TNF-α水平显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论采用孟鲁司特联合沙丁胺醇气雾剂治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘安全有效,可显著改善患者肺功能并降低炎症因子水平。     

寒喘祖帕颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效及其对气道炎症水平、免疫球蛋白及白三烯水平的影响

目的 研究寒喘祖帕颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿的效果。方法 选取2017年1月-2019年12月唐山市丰润区人民医院收治的200例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿作为研究对象，根据就诊顺序将患儿分别纳入对照组与观察组，各100例。对照组睡前口服孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片，5 mg/次，1次/d。观察组在对照组的基础上口服寒喘祖帕颗粒，6 g/次，2次/d。两组患儿疗程均为4周。观察两组患者的临床疗效，同时比较两组治疗前后的咳嗽症状评分、中医证候积分、生活质量评分（LCQ）、血清中嗜酸性粒细胞阳离子蛋白（ECP）、白细胞介素（IL）-2、IL-4、IL-13、巨噬细胞炎性蛋白-1α（MIP-1α）、白三烯B4（LTB4）和免疫球蛋白E（IgE）水平。结果 治疗后，观察组总有效率为91.00%，显著高于对照组的74.00%，差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组日间与夜间咳嗽评分均显著降低（P<0.05）；且观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组各项中医证候积分与总分均显著降低（P<0.05）；且观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组生理积分、心理积分、社会积分与总分均显著升高（P<0.05）；治疗后，观察组生理积分、心理积分、社会积分与总分均显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后，两组血清ECP、IL-4、IL-13、MIP-1α、IgE和LTB4水平均显著降低，IL-2水平显著升高（P<0.05）；且观察组血清ECP、IL-2、IL-4、IL-13、MIP-1α、IgE和LTB4水平显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 采用寒喘祖帕颗粒联合孟鲁司特钠治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘，疗效值得肯定，能够有效改善患儿咳嗽症状，提高生活质量，并可抑制气道炎症，降低血清IgE、LTB4水平，具有较好临床应用价值。     

布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂与孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效比较

目的 比较布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂与孟鲁司特钠治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效。方法 以2012年1月-2016年5月西安交通大学第二附属医院儿科收治的100例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿为研究对象,根据随机数字表法分为观察组和对照组,每组50例。观察组患儿给予布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗,对照组患儿给予孟鲁司特钠治疗。比较两组治疗后临床疗效、咳嗽积分、肺功能[一秒用力呼气量（FEV1）、用力肺活量（FVC）、最大呼气峰流速（PEF）,计算FEV1/FVC、PEF/预计值*100%（PEF pred%）]、血清中肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）、血液总IgE及全血嗜酸性粒细胞计数（EOS）,不良反应及半年复发率。结果 观察组的总有效率为80.00%,显著高于对照组的64.00%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组的咳嗽积分较治疗前显著降低,FEV1、FEV1/FVC及PEF pred%均较治疗前显著升高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组治疗后的咳嗽积分显著低于对照组,FEV1/FVC及PEF pred%显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组的TNF-α、总IgE及EOS均较治疗前显著降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组的TNF-α、总IgE及EOS显著低于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组的总不良反应发生率和治疗后半年内复发率比较,差异均无统计学意义。结论 布地奈德福莫特罗粉吸入剂治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床疗效显著优于孟鲁司特钠,对患儿的咳嗽、肺功能、血清TNF-α、总IgE及EOS的改善效果更佳。     

参松养心胶囊联合胺碘酮治疗心力衰竭合并心律失常的疗效观察

目的 探讨参松养心胶囊联合胺碘酮对心力衰竭合并心律失常的治疗效果、心率变异性及NT-proBNP的影响。方法 选择2015年1月—2019年1月周口市中心医院接受治疗的600例心力衰竭并心律失常患者作为研究对象。根据入院的顺序,将患者随机分为对照组（n=300例）和观察组（n=300例）。对照组患者口服盐酸胺碘酮片,第1周0.2 g/次,3次/d,第2周改为0.2 g/次,2次/d,第3周改为0.1 g/次,1次/d。观察组患者在对照组的基础上口服参松养心胶囊,1.2 g/次,3次/d。两组均连续治疗2个月。观察两组患者的治疗效果,同时比较治疗前后两组的心功能指标、24 h动态心电图变化、心率变异性及N末端B型利钠肽原（NT-proBNP）水平。结果 治疗后,观察组治疗总有效率为94.33%,显著高于对照组的79.33%（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者各心功能指标和NT-proBNP水平较治疗前均明显改善（P<0.05）,且观察组显著优于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者室性期前收缩发生频率及ST段压低持续时间较治疗前均显著降低（P<0.05）,且观察组显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。治疗后,两组患者各心率变异性指标较治疗前均显著升高（P<0.05）,且观察组显著高于对照组（P<0.05）。结论 参松养心胶囊联合胺碘酮可有效的改善心力衰竭合并心律失常患者的心功能与心电图,降低NT-proBNP水平,提高心率变异性,临床疗效显著,具有较高临床推广应用价值。     

孟鲁斯特联合布地奈德治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的疗效及对肺功能的影响

目的 探讨孟鲁斯特联合布地奈德治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）患儿的临床疗效及对肺功能的影响。方法 选取2014年3月-2017年3月渭南市第一医院收治的CVA患儿280例,按照治疗方式分为对照组和观察组,各140例。对照组在常规治疗的基础上给予患儿布地奈德治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予孟鲁斯特治疗,两组均治疗60 d。比较两组的临床疗效,治疗前后肺功能指标呼气流量峰值（PEF）、1s用力呼吸容积（FEV1）及一秒率（FEV1/FVC）,比较两组不良反应的发生情况。结果 治疗后,观察组临床疗效的总有效率是94.29%,显著高于对照组的77.14%,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患儿治疗前的肺功能指标比较无明显差异,两组治疗后以上检测指标较治疗前均显著提高,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;治疗后,观察组PEF、FEV1、FEV1/FVC水平均显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患儿在治疗期间均无严重不良反应的发生,不良反应发生情况无显著差异。结论 孟鲁斯特联合布地奈德治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘比单用布地奈德治疗的临床效果好,可有效改善患儿的肺功能,值得临床推广。     

孟鲁司特联合布地奈德治疗哮喘患儿的临床研究

目的 研究孟鲁司特联合布地奈德治疗哮喘患儿的临床疗效。方法 选取2013年5月-2015年5月儿科收集治疗的100例哮喘患儿作为研究对象,按照随机奇偶数字法分为治疗组和对照组,各50例;对照组患儿行布地奈德雾化治疗,治疗组患儿加用孟鲁司特治疗;分析比较两组治疗情况、肺功能改善、不良反应等。结果 两组肺功能比较,组内治疗后优于治疗前,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗后治疗组高于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;治疗组憋醒天数、咳嗽评分、哮喘评分均短于对照组,差异显著（P<0.05）;不良反应率比较：治疗组14.0%低于对照组30.0%,差异显著（P<0.05）。结论 孟鲁司特联合布地奈德对哮喘患儿的治疗可明显改善患儿肺功能,控制哮喘症状,且无严重不良反应,具有较高的临床应用价值。     

止喘灵口服液治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘（风热袭肺证）的疗效观察

目的 探讨止喘灵口服液治疗儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘（风热袭肺证）的临床疗效。方法 选取2021年11月—2022年12月在南京中医药大学附属医院儿科门诊就诊的60例咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿,按随机数字表法将患儿分为对照组（33例）和治疗组（27例）。对照组2岁≤患儿年龄＜5岁患儿温开水冲服孟鲁司特钠颗粒,4 mg/次,每晚1次;5岁≤患儿年龄＜14岁患儿咀嚼后吞咽孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片,5 mg/次,每晚1次。治疗组口服止喘灵口服液,2岁≤患儿年龄＜3岁,3 mL/次;3岁≤患儿年龄＜9岁,6 mL/次;≥10岁者,10 mL/次,3次/d。两组均治疗2周。观察两组的临床疗效,比较两组主要症状评分、次要症状评分和中医证候总评分。结果 治疗后,治疗组患者控显率是63.0%,显著高于对照组的21.2%（P＜0.05）;治疗组总有效率是96.3%,对照组是90.9%,两组总有效率比较差异无统计学意义。治疗后,两组咳嗽程度评分、咳嗽频率评分、主症总评分均较同组治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后,治疗组主要症状评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗后,两组口渴评分、咽痛评分、流涕评分、鼻塞评分、总评分均显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗后,治疗组口渴评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。两组治疗1、2周中医证候总评分均较同组治疗前显著降低（P＜0.05）;治疗组治疗1、2周中医证候总评分显著低于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论 止喘灵口服液治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘疗效显著,能够显著改善患儿的咳嗽症状,可应用于儿童咳嗽变异性哮喘风热袭肺证,该药药味精简,服用方便,安全性好。     

多索茶碱和茶碱缓释片对支气管哮喘的疗效和安全性比较

目的 比较多索茶碱和茶碱缓释片对稳定期哮喘患者的疗效和安全性,为临床用药提供依据。方法 前瞻性入组汉中市中心医院收治的稳定期哮喘患者100例,随机分为观察组（n=50）和对照组（n=50）。观察组给予多索茶碱400 mg,2次/d;对照组给予300 mg茶碱缓释片,2次/d。两组疗程均为6周。观察记录两组患者治疗前后的肺功能指标-1秒用力呼气量（FEV1）,用力肺活量（FVC）,FEV1/FVC（%）,最大呼气流量（PEFR）及不良反应。结果 治疗前,两组患者肺功能指标（FEV1、FVC、FEV1/FVC、PEFR）均无统计学差异;治疗6周后,与治疗前比较,两组患者肺功能FEV1、FEV1/FVC、PEFR均显著提高,但观察组和对照组患者肺功能比较没有统计学差异。对照组患者总不良反应事件发生率显著高于观察组（P<0.05）。结论 茶碱缓释片和多索茶碱均能改善轻度支气管哮喘患者肺功能,但多索茶碱安全性好于茶碱缓释片。     

孟鲁司特联合布地奈德对咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿肺功能和血清转化生长因子β1水平的影响

目的 探讨分析孟鲁司特联合布地奈德治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘（CVA）的临床疗效,及其对患儿肺功能和血清转化生长因子β1水平的影响。方法 选取2013年8月-2016年6月在西安市中心医院接受治疗的117例CVA患儿为研究对象,随机分为对照组59例和观察组58例。对照组患者给予雾化吸入布地奈德治疗,观察组在对照组的基础上给予孟鲁司特钠咀嚼片治疗,均治疗2个月。观察治疗前后两组患儿肺功能指标包括肺活量（VC）、1 s用力呼吸容积（FEV1）、FEV1/用力肺活量（FVC）、最大呼气峰流速（PEF）/预计值的百分比（PEF pred%）,以及血清转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）和炎症因子包括血清免疫球蛋白E（IgE）、血浆白细胞介素8（IL-8）、人肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）,以及临床症状积分的变化。结果 治疗2个月后,两组的症状积分均有显著降低,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组患儿症状评分显著低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组患儿的VC无明显变化,而FEV1、FEV1/FVC以及PEF pred%较治疗前均有显著升高,治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）;且观察组的该3种指标显著高于对照组,两组比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组的TGF-β1较治疗前有显著升高,IgE、IL-8、TNF-α明显降低,同组治疗前后比较差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,且观察组的TGF-β1显著低于对照组,IgE、IL-8、TNF-α明显高于对照组,比较差异具有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 孟鲁司特联合布地奈德吸入治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘的临床疗效显著,可有效改善患儿的肺功能以及TGF-β1水平,抑制炎症因子水平。     

维生素D3辅助治疗咳嗽变异性哮喘患儿的疗效观察

目的 探讨维生素D₃辅助治疗对咳嗽变异性哮喘（cough variant asthma,CVA）患儿的疗效。方法 随机分配122例CVA患儿为对照组和观察组,各61例。对照组给予丙酸氟替卡松+硫酸沙丁胺醇吸入治疗,观察组基于对照组治疗基础上给予维生素D₃,对比2组治疗前及治疗6个月后的临床症状、肺功能、T淋巴细胞亚群含量和25羟维生素D₃[25-dihydroxyvitamin D₃,25（OH）D₃]、基质金属蛋白酶9（matrix metalloproteinase 9,MMP-9）、白细胞介素-10（interleukin-10,IL-10）。结果 与治疗前比较,治疗后2组临床症状评分显著降低（P<0.05）,肺功能指标中第1秒末用力呼气量、肺活量及呼气峰流速百分比显著提高（P<0.05）,观察组变化幅度显著大于对照组;治疗后,观察组CD4⁺及CD4⁺/CD8⁺含量显著低于治疗前及对照组（P<0.05）,CD8⁺含量显著高于治疗前及对照组（P<0.05）;治疗后,2组患儿血清25（OH）D₃、IL-10水平升高（P<0.05）,MMP-9水平显著降低（P<0.05）,观察组变化幅度显著大于对照组（P<0.05）;2组患儿均未见有明显不良反应。结论 维生素D₃联合常规疗法可明显改善CVA患儿咳嗽等症状,提高肺功能,纠正T淋巴细胞亚群失衡,改善气道高反应及气道炎性反应,安全性良好。     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.