Salvianolic acid A prevented cerebrovascular endothelial injury caused by acute ischemic stroke through inhibiting the Src signaling pathway

Stroke is an acute cerebrovascular disease caused by ruptured or blocked blood vessels.For the prevention of ischemic stroke,the coagulation state of blood and cerebrovascular protection should be considered.Our previous study has shown that salvianolic acid A(SAA),which is a water-soluble component from the root of Salvia Miltiorrhiza Bge,prevents thrombosis with a mild inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation.In this study we investigated the preventive effects of SAA on cerebrovascular endothelial injury caused by ischemia in vivo and oxygen-glucose deprivation(OGD)in vitro,and explored the underlying mechanisms.An autologous thrombus stroke model was established in SD rats by electrocoagulation.SAA(10 mg/kg)was orally administered twice a day for 5 days before the operation.The rats were sacrificed at 24 h after the operation.We showed that pretreatment with SAA significantly improved the neurological deficits,intracerebral hemorrhage,BBB disruption,and vascular endothelial dysfunction as compared with model group.In human brain microvascular endothelial cells(HBMECs),pretreatment with SAA(10μM)significantly inhibited OGD-induced cell viability reduction and degradation of tight junction proteins(ZO-1,occludin,claudin-5).Furthermore,we found that SAA inhibited the upregulation of Src signaling pathway in vivo and vitro and reversed the increased expression of matrix metalloproteinases(MMPs)after ischemic stroke.In conclusion,our results suggest that SAA protects cerebrovascular endothelial cells against ischemia and OGD injury via suppressing Src signaling pathway.These findings show that pretreatment with SAA is a potential therapeutic strategy for the prevention of ischemic stroke.     

老年人鼻出血38例分析

鼻出血是病理条件下人体最多见的出血[1],是耳鼻喉科最常见的急症,老年人常患高血压、动脉硬化及伴各个器官不同程度的功能衰退,而且多数患者恐惧死亡引起精神紧张,了解老年人生理及心理特点,提高防范,快速有效施治非常必要,现将我院2004年1月～2006年12月诊治的严重老年人鼻出血38例总结如下。     

2007年1～11月全国医药行业经济运行情况分析

通过参考2007年1～11月医药行业统计数据，对全国医药行业经济运行情况进行了分析。结果显示，全国医药行业生产、销售保持快速增长，但产销率下降，出口增速减缓。虽然成本费用在提升，但经济效益出现了大幅度提升。     

狂犬病诊治进展

人类的狂犬病是一种中枢神经系统病毒感染性疾病,常由患狂犬病动物的唾液污染伤口而传染;一旦出现症状,病人基本上100%死亡,从狂犬病后康复的病例极为罕见,仅有3例报道。临床表现为特有的恐水怕风、咽肌痉挛、进行性瘫痪等。狂犬病在87个国家有流行,主要流行于东南亚、非洲及拉     

"心希望工程"为社区群众带来佳音大型冠心病社区健康干预全面启动

冠心病在社区中是老年人群最常见的慢性疾病之一,如何来采取行动,以减慢和抑制这一慢性病上升的趋势已成为当务之急. 由中国医师协会和上海和黄药业共同发起的"心希望工程",自2007年3月正式启动以来,已在北京、上海以及浙江、江苏、广东、辽宁、山东等地的大、中城市取得了良好的社会反响.     

上医股份以最快的速度送出抗震救灾急救药品

5月12日,四川省汶川地区发生强烈地震以后,作为国家战备药品储备基地、军队战备药材代储企业的上海市医药股份有限公司,在国家重大突发事件面前,表现出高度的社会责任感,迅速启动了药品应急供应绿色通道,截至5月13日下午4点,已经送出第一批急救药品887件,并向上海市红十字会捐赠急救药品(价值人民币87.48万元).     

"入籍的中国女婿"——马海德大夫两三事

乔治·海德姆有了中国名儿 乔治·海德姆1910年9月生于美国纽约州水牛城一个阿拉伯移民家庭,祖籍黎巴嫩.他的父亲是个工人.乔治·海德姆靠奖学金资助完成了学业.1933年,23岁的他毕业于瑞士日内瓦医科大学,并获博士学位.受时代的影响,他毕业后就来到中国,结识了宋庆龄等人,因此得以在1936年和斯诺一起来到陕北.     

苯扎溴铵溶液的稳定性观察

目的:评价在常温和0℃下存放的苯扎溴铵(新沽尔灭)的杀茵效果.方法:采用厂家3个批号的苯扎溴铵,分别于常温和0℃下存放24 h.稀释成1:50浓度后,将3种标准菌株置于其中,分别在作用5,10,15,30,60,120 min后取出药液,倾入培养基,置35℃培养箱培养48 h,观察菌株的存活情况.结果:经两种温度、不同时间的菌株培养结果观察,苯扎溴铵的杀菌效果一致,均能快速杀灭3种标准菌株.结论:苯扎溴铵消毒液保存在0℃下,不影响其杀菌效力,只要在保质期内,结冰的消毒液仍可使用,其性能稳定.     

一动,一热,一冷,一烤霍英东勇斗癌魔4法宝

杰出的社会活动家、著名爱国人士、香港知名实业家、全国政协副主席霍英东先生于2006年10月28日在北京逝世,享年83岁.霍英东先生生前与癌症斗争了23年多,他的精神值得大家学习.霍英东先生是香港著名的大企业家,他热爱祖国,乐善好施,经常慷慨捐资救灾或为国家、社会、民众办好事和实事.     

布洛芬对乙酰氨基酚退热疗效对比

长期以来,发热是儿科关注的问题,发热程度有助于判断病情,儿童多因与病情不成比例,轻微疾病即可出现发烧,父母常常不了解这一现象而引起不必要的恐慌,随意应用退热药即成为儿科普遍的现象[1].采用安全有效的退热药物值得临床探讨.     

Role of glutathione in reduction of arsenate and of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase in disposition of arsenite in rats

Arsenate (AsV), the environmentally prevalent form of arsenic, is converted sequentially in the body to arsenite (AsIII), monomethylarsonic acid (MMAsV), monomethylarsonous acid (MMAsIII), and dimethylarsinic acid (DMAsV) and some trimethylated metabolites. Although the biliary excretion of arsenic in rats is known to be glutathione (GSH)-dependent, involving transport of arsenic-GSH conjugates, the role of GSH in the reduction of AsV to the more toxic AsIII in vivo has not been defined. Therefore, we studied how the fate of AsV is influenced by buthionine sulfoximine (BSO), which depletes GSH in tissues. Control and BSO-treated rats were given AsV (50 micromol/kg, i.v.) and arsenic metabolites in bile, urine, blood and tissues were analysed by HPLC-HG-AFS. BSO increased retention of AsV in blood and tissues and decreased appearance of AsIII in blood, bile (by 96%) and urine (by 63%). The biliary excretion of MMAsIII was also nearly abolished, the appearance of MMAsIII and MMAsV in the blood was delayed and the renal concentrations of these monomethylated arsenicals were decreased by BSO. Interestingly, appearance of DMAsV in blood and urine remained unchanged and the concentrations of this metabolite in the kidneys and muscle were even increased in response to BSO. To test the role of gamma-glutamyltranspeptidase (GGT) in arsenic disposition, the effect of the of the GGT inhibitor acivicin was investigated in rats injected with AsIII (50 micromol/kg, i.v.). Acivicin lowered the hepatic and renal GGT activities and increased the biliary as well as urinary excretion of GSH, but failed to alter the disposition (i.e. blood and tissue concentrations, biliary and urinary excretion) of AsIII and its metabolites. In conclusion, shortage of GSH decreases not only the hepatobiliary transport of arsenic, but also reduction of AsV and the formation of monomethylated arsenic, while not hindering the production of dimethylated arsenic. While GSH plays an important role in the disposition and toxicity of arsenic, GGT, which hydrolyses GSH and GSH conjugates, apparently does not influence the fate of the GSH-reactive trivalent arsenicals in rats.     

微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用研究进展

本文综述了微透析取样技术在中药体内分析中的应用,介绍微透析取样技术的原理、组成、探针类型、特点,重点阐述了微透析取样技术在测定脑、血液、皮肤等组织器官中中药有效成分浓度的应用实例。表明微透析取样技术在中药药效研究中具有广阔的前景。     

应用PASS系统分析我院2010年住院医嘱

目的:了解我院2010年住院患者的合理用药情况,探讨如何利用合理用药监测系统( PASS)提高合理用药水平.方法:利用PASS对我院2010年15 966例住院患者的1 184 997条用药医嘱进行监测,以黑色警示医嘱为依据,收集不合理用药信息,并对监测结果进行统计、分析.结果:不合理用药医嘱50 261条,发生率为4.24％.绝对禁止黑色医嘱5441条,主要为药物相互作用(66.54％)、注射液体外配伍(17.86％)、用法用量(15.46％)、儿童警告(1.14％).结论:应用PASS系统能有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药情况,有利于提高临床合理用药水平,但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善.     

应用PASS系统对我院2008年住院医嘱的分析

目的监测分析2008年我院住院患者用药情况。方法将PASS系统嵌入医生工作站、临床药学工作站等子系统,构建合理用药计算机网络系统,对住院医嘱进行及时监测,将监测结果向医生反馈,并对其进行统计、分析。结果2008年共监测医嘱3 620 241条,不合理医嘱908条,占0.02%。不合理医嘱中,配伍禁忌(381条)占41.96%,用法用量(381条)占41.96%,药物相互作用(108条)占11.89%,儿童用药(38条)占4.19%。经与医生沟通后,更改不合理医嘱856条,占94.27%。结论PASS系统可有效监测医嘱中的不合理用药,通过与医生交流,大大减少药物不良事件的发生,值得临床推广应用,也为临床药师开展工作带来了极大的便利。但PASS系统尚存在局限性,有待进一步完善。     

Role of desacetylation in the detoxification of cephalothin in renal cells in culture

The toxicity of three cephalosporin antibiotics to rabbit kidney cells in culture was compared to their known nephrotoxic potential in vivo (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). While cephalothin is considered to be a relatively nonnephrotoxic cephalosporin when administered to many species including humans and rabbits, in several in vitro systems involving rabbit renal tissue, cephalothin was comparatively more toxic than anticipated based on in vivo data. Cephalothin is extensively desacetylated in rabbits to a less microbiologically active metabolite, desacetylcephalothin. When a microsomal S9 fraction from rabbit kidney was added to the in vitro assay in cultured rabbit renal cells, cephalothin was desacetylated and its toxicity to kidney cells was reduced. The addition of S9 in vitro provided a toxicity ranking of the cephalosporins that correlated with their known in vivo nephrotoxic potentials (cephaloridine greater than cefazolin greater than cephalothin). The in vitro detoxification of cephalothin by S9 was blocked by the coadministration of the esterase inhibitor, aminocarb. Desacetylcephalothin was relatively nontoxic to rabbit renal tissue in vitro. These results suggest that the desacetylation of cephalothin in vivo represents a previously unrecognized mechanism of detoxification of this cephalosporin antibiotic. Furthermore, this mechanism of detoxification may be applicable to other acetylated cephalosporins.     

2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药用药调查

目的:分析讨论某院抗真菌药使用的合理性,为临床安全有效地使用抗真菌药提供参考。方法:回顾性统计分析某院2009年住院患者抗真菌药用药信息。结果:2009年某院住院患者抗真菌药DDDs排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、制霉菌素和伊曲康唑;使用金额排名前3名分别为:氟康唑、米卡芬净及卡泊芬净;更换一种抗真菌药进行治疗的患者数为176人,在全部患者中占13.4%。结论:应进一步强化用药指征的意识,提高标本送检率,同时改善某些抗真菌用药不合理更换的现象,以避免耐药性发生,从而更好更长远地体现抗真菌药的治疗价值。     

Kinetics of in vitro metabolism of methoxyphenamine in rats

1. Methoxyphenamine (MP) was metabolized in vitro by rat liver preparations to O-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (O-desmethyl-MP), N-desmethylmethoxyphenamine (N-desmethyl-MP) and 5-hydroxymethoxyphenamine (5-hydroxy-MP). These metabolic pathways were inhibited by SKF 525-A and carbon monoxide, which indicates that these reactions were mediated at least partly by an NADPH-dependent cytochrome P-450 system. 2. Strain differences in the metabolism of this drug in vitro were observed in female Lewis and Dark Agouti (DA) rats, which are proposed models for human debrisoquine phenotypes. Methoxyphenamine O-demethylase and 5-hydroxylase activity in DA rats were lower than those in Lewis rats. 3. The metabolic transformation of methoxyphenamine in vitro to O-desmethyl-MP was inhibited competitively by debrisoquine and sparteine. This indicates that the cytochrome P-450 isoenzyme mediating the metabolism of MP to O-desmethyl-MP is similar to that mediating metabolism of debrisoquine and sparteine. However, no inhibition was observed with methenytoin.     

Changes in levels of dependency and predictors of mortality in elderly people in institutional care in Dunedin

The 1983 study of dependency of subjects in institutional care in Dunedin was repeated two years later. A significant increase in levels of dependency in residential homes, particularly in the Religious and Welfare sector was found. In 1983 there were 29 high dependency residents and 73 medium dependency residents in residential homes. In 1985 these numbers had increased to 55 and 86 respectively. There was no change in the number of low dependency residents. In 1983, 6 high dependency residents had been admitted to residential home care in the year prior to the study. In 1985 the number of high dependency residents recently admitted had increased to 23. There had also been a significant increase in the dependency of patients in Religious and Welfare continuing care hospitals. Of the 933 subjects in institutional care in 1983 who were able to be followed, 354 (37.9%) died in the following 2 years. Mortality rate was higher for those in hospital care (48.1%) than for those in residential home care (29.6%). Mortality rates were higher in more dependent subjects and this was evident for each measure of dependency.     

Study of potential in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity in hepatocytes of quinolone antibiotics

The genotoxicity of quinolone antibiotics has been evaluated in hepatocytes following in vitro and in vivo exposure. Unscheduled DNA synthesis (UDS) was induced in vitro in rat hepatocytes by norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, and ciprofloxacin but not by nalidixic acid. In vivo UDS was not observed in hepatocytes isolated 4 to 24 hr after exposure of adult male F344 rats to either a single dose (30 to 190 mg/kg) or repeated doses (40 mg/kg) of ciprofloxacin. Using the 32P-postlabeling technique, no modified bases were detected in hepatocytes exposed in vitro to ciprofloxacin. In summary, UDS was induced in hepatocytes by in vitro exposure to high concentrations of norfloxacin, ofloxacin, pefloxacin, or ciprofloxacin. There was no evidence of in vitro DNA adduct formation by ciprofloxacin or in vivo DNA damage under the conditions tested. These findings suggest that ciprofloxacin is not DNA reactive, but it induces in vitro UDS as a consequence of some indirect action.