5-羟色胺痛觉调制与针灸镇痛相关研究

5-羟色胺既是脑干下行抑制系统参与镇痛作用的神经递质,又是外周致痛的炎症介质。该文就近10年来对5-HT参与痛觉调制的研究以及针灸镇痛与5-HT系统的相关性研究进行简要综述。     

中缝大核的痛负反馈调制机制在电针镇痛中的作用

<正> 大量临床实践表明穴位电针可以引起明显的镇痛作用,甚至达到可以进行手术的程度。祖国医学认为针刺穴位可以通过调整阴阳,疏通经络,调和气血而达到解除疼痛和治疗疾病的作用。经络的本质是什么? 是否是千古之迷? 实际古人已在肉眼下见到了     

中缝大核的痛负反馈调制机制在电针镇痛中的作用

我们近十几年对脑内镇痛系统的主要下行抑制起源部位之一延脑中缝大核(NRM)在针刺镇痛中的作用，进行了较为系统的研究，主要结果如下：     

治偏痛胶囊治疗偏头痛的疗效及对血浆5-羟色胺的影响

目的:探讨治偏痛胶囊治疗偏头痛的疗效及对血浆5-羟色胺(5-HT)的影响.方法:将124例偏头痛患者随机分为观察组和对照组各62例.对照组采用氟桂利嗪胶囊,5 mg/次,每晚服用1次;观察组采用治偏痛胶囊,4粒/次,3次/d,口服.治疗期间若发生难以忍受疼痛,均可采用布洛芬片,0.1g/次,口服.两组疗程均为8周.观察头痛发作次数、头痛发作天数、头痛发作程度等临床症状;经颅多普勒(TCD)检测血液速度;检测血浆5-HT水平.结果:观察组总有效率(90.32％)优于对照组(77.41％)(P＜0.05);观察组证候疗效总有效率(91.93％)优于对照组(75.81％)(P＜0.05);治疗后观察组头痛发作次数、头痛发作程度及头痛发作天数均低于对照组(P＜0.01);治疗后观察组血浆5-HT水平升高,优于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组在研究期间止痛药使用量低于对照组(P＜0.01);观察组双侧大脑中动脉(MCA),大脑前动脉(ACA),大脑后动脉(PCA),椎动脉的颅内段(VA)和基底动脉(BA)的血流速度均低于对照组(P＜0.01).结论:治偏痛胶囊能降低颅内动脉平均血流速度,改善偏头痛临床症状,治疗偏头痛疗效显著,其作用机制可能与提高患者血浆5-HT含量有关.     

针刺与交感神经对外周痛感受器的调制

我们自1982年发现电针刺激“足三里”激活中把对外周痛感受器的传出抑制以来，采用单纤维分离记录技术，在感受器水平对这一传出作用的规律，途径与感受器类型进行了系统的研究，得到下述主要结果与结论：     

虫类通络法对大鼠痛阈5──羟色胺组织胺的影响

观察了虫类通络治法对模拟“久病入络”病机而造成的慢性血瘀模型大鼠痛阈，循环血液中的５─羟色胺及组织胺的影响。发现虫类通络治法能显著提高模型大鼠的运动阈、嘶叫阈及后嘶叫阈，降低循环血液中的５──羟色胺、组织胺，并能预防在造模因素作用下以上指标的异常变化，较之非虫类通络治法要优。认为这是虫类通络治法治疗痛症的机理之一。     

鹿茸影响5-羟色胺系统的初步研究

目的研究鹿茸对5-羟色胺系统的影响。方法以放射配体受体结合法检测鹿茸组分（LRE和LRw）对5-羟色胺1A受体和5-羟色胺转运体与各自配体的结合率。结果LRE可以促进5-羟色胺1A受体与其特异性激动剂[^3H]8-OH—DPAT结合，促进率达80％，并且具有量效关系，而LRW则无此作用。未见LRE和LRW两者影响5-羟色胺转运体与其特异性配体的结合。结论鹿茸组分中的LRE具有抗抑郁药样的神经保护功能，其作用机制可能是协同促进5-羟色胺1A受体与其激动剂的结合。     

针刺对实验性关节炎大鼠组织胺和5—羟色胺含量的影响

关于中枢5-羟色胺(5-HT)在针刺镇痛中的作用研究已有许多报导,血组织胺在针刺麻醉中的作用也见报导;但对于大鼠实验性关节炎时,针刺作用对其影响如何,研究甚少,我们以Freund氏完全佐剂免疫大鼠,形成变态反应性关节炎,观察针刺对血组织胺和脑内5-羟色胺含量影响。     

Antidepressant-like effect of Tagetes lucida Cav. extract in rats: involvement of the serotonergic system

It has been demonstrated that the decoction of the aerial parts of Tagetes lucida Cav. produces an antidepressant effect during the forced swimming test (FST) in rats. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different organic extracts and one aqueous extract of the aerial parts of T. lucida on the FST. In addition, the possible involvement of the serotonergic system in the antidepressant-like effect of T. lucida in the FST was evaluated, as was its potential toxicological effect. The different extracts of T. lucida (methanol, hexane, dichloromethane and aqueous, 10 and 50 mg/kg), as well as fluoxetine (FLX, 5 mg/kg), were administered per os (p.o.) to rats for 14 days. All animals were subjected to the FST. Only the aqueous extract of T. lucida at a dose of 50 mg/kg significantly reduced immobility behavior and increased swimming in the FST, similar to FLX. Later, the aqueous extract of T. lucida (50mg/kg) was administered for 1, 7 and 14 days. An antidepressant effect was observed after 7 days of treatment. To evaluate the participation of the serotoninergic system, the animals were pretreated with PCPA, an inhibitor of serotonin synthesis (100 mg/kg/day for 4 consecutive days). The animals were treated with the aqueous extract of T. lucida (50 mg/kg) and FLX (5 mg/kg) 24 h after the final injection and were then subjected to the FST. Pretreatment with PCPA inhibited the antidepressant effect of both T. lucida and FLX. Finally, T. lucida was administered p.o. and intraperitoneal route to evaluate its acute toxicological effect. The aqueous extract of T. lucida, administered p.o., did not produce lethality or any significant changes in behavior. In conclusion, the aqueous extract of T. lucida manifested an antidepressant-like effect in the FST mediated by the serotonergic system, with no adverse effects when administered p.o.     

Antidepressant-like effect of magnolol on BDNF up-regulation and serotonergic system activity in unpredictable chronic mild stress treated rats

Magnolol is the main constituent identified in the barks of Magnolia officinalis, which has been used for the treatment of mental disorders including depression in China. In this study, we investigated the antidepressant‐like effect of magnolol, and its possible mechanisms in rats subjected to unpredictable chronic mild stress (UCMS). High performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection (HPLC‐ECD) and immunohistochemical staining analysis were applied to explore the mechanisms underlying the antidepressant‐like effect of magnolol. Magnolol (20, 40 mg/kg) significantly reversed UCMS‐induced reduction in sucrose consumption and deficiency in locomotor activity. In addition, it was observed that administration of magnolol (20, 40 mg/kg) restored brain‐derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression, and normalized the serotonergic system changes in the UCMS‐treated rats. These results confirmed the antidepressant‐like effect of magnolol, which might be based primarily on its ability to increase the BDNF expression and enhance the activity of the serotonergic system in rat brains. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

The role of negative feedback modulating pain of nucleus raphe magnus in electroacupuncture analgesia

In recent years I am interested in the role of nucleus raphe magnus (NRM) in acupuncture analgesia, NRM is the one of important descending inhibitory systems included in the intrinsic analgesic systems in brain, and we gave more systematic study on the question. The primary results are as follows: 1. Experiments were performed on male rats, unit discharges of NRM were recorded extracellularly with glass electrode. The neurons respond to noxious stimulation were chosen to observe analgesia of EA. The spontaneous firing rates of NRM neurons were about 0.5-20 Hz, a few of them over 20Hz or have no any discharges. NRM neurons have not often responses to nonnoxious stimulation (to brush hair) or only have a light responses and adaptation appeared fast. But responses of them to noxious stimulation (to clamp or to prick skin) or electro-stimulation (over 6V) were obviously displayed with excitatory (increasing firing rates) or inhibitory (decreasing) types. The spontaneous firing rates of excitatory NRM neurons were lower than that of inhibitory neurons. In addition, a few excitatory-inhibitory reversible type NRM neurons were found unexpected, and the reversal of response were related to background firing rates. During low firing rates, the response was an excitatory one, and during high firing rates, it became an inhibitory one. 2. EA of 'Zusanli' could activate NRM neurons, increasing spontaneous firing rates, and inhibit their nociceptive responses. The effect induced by EA could be reversed by naloxone (I.P.). 3. Raphe-spinal neurons in NRM were identified by antidromic activation and collision technology, their axons project to dorsal horn of spinal cord via dorsal lateral fasciculus (DLF), that seem to be centrifugal units.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Involvement of the serotonergic system and neuroplasticity in the antidepressant effect of curcumin in ovariectomized rats: Comparison with oestradiol and fluoxetine

Antidepressant drugs are associated with many challenges due to their adverse impacts. Seeking alternatives through medicinal plants could have a great merit in overcoming these deleterious effects. This study was designed to investigate the potential mechanism of curcumin (CUR) in modifying the depression‐like behaviour in ovariectomised (OVX) rats, inference with fluoxetine (FLX) and oestradiol (E₂). The treatments of OVX rats started after 1 month post ovariectomy and proceeded for 1 month. The experimental animals were divided into five groups: sham‐operated, OVX‐, OVX‐FLX (20 mg kg^?1, i.p., daily), OVX‐E₂ (100 μg kg^?1, i.m., every other day), and OVX‐CUR‐ (100 mg kg^?1, p.o., daily) treated groups. The results showed that CUR modulated the depression‐like behaviour using forced swimming test. It improved the serotonin content in many brain regions by upregulating tryptophan hydroxylase‐2 and 5‐hydroxytryptamine_1A,2A receptor messenger RNA (mRNA) and downregulating monoamine oxidase A mRNA in the limbic system. Furthermore, it upregulated aromatase, brain‐derived neurotropic factor mRNA, and extracellular‐regulated kinase 1/2 protein in the limbic system, relative to FLX and E_2, compared with OVX group. In conclusion, CUR appears to be safe and efficient agent as serotonin modulator similar to FLX and neurotrophic agent like E₂, in improving the depression‐like behaviour in OVX rats.     

Interaction of the natural anxiolytic Galphimine-B with serotonergic drugs on dorsal hippocampus in rats

Aim of the study

Galphimine-B (G-B) is a nor-seco triterpene with an anxiolytic-like effect obtained from the plant species Galphimia glauca Cav. By means of a double blind clinical trial, it has been demonstrated that the extract from this plant, standardized in G-B content, possesses therapeutic effectiveness in patients with generalized anxiety. The mechanism of action of this compound remains unknown to date, but it has already demonstrated a non interaction with the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic system. For this reason, the objective of this work was to evaluate the pharmacological interaction between G-B with the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1A (5HT_1A) and 5-hydroxytryptamine 2A (5HT_2A) serotonergic receptors on CA1 neurons of hippocampus.

Materials and methods

Electrophysiological records were performed as the frequency of discharge of in vivo CA1 cells from dorsal hippocampus in rats.

Results

G-B was able to increase the frequency of discharge of neurons of the CA1 cells with some characteristics that support an interaction with the serotonergic system in this zone. It was demonstrated that this triterpene modulates the induced response of 5HT_1A receptors, in an allosteric manner.

Conclusion

This effect demonstrated an interaction between G-B and the serotonergic system in dorsal hippocampus and evidenced that the mechanism of action of this compound could involve a complex series of actions on different neurotransmitter systems related with the anxiety disorder.     

Immunological identification of tiger-bone]

Anti-tiger sera were prepared by using tiger serum proteins to immunize the rabbits. Tiger-bone can be identified by the specific serological reaction between the anti-tiger sera and the tiger-bone proteins.     

癌痛患者中医辨证60例分析

目的探索癌性疼痛的中医辨证分型,为中医辨证治疗提供临床依据。方法将60例癌痛患者分为气机郁滞证、瘀血阻滞证、痰湿凝聚型、毒热蕴结证、气血亏虚证、正虚瘀结型及其他证型,分析各辨证分型的发展趋势,并总结出癌痛的最常见的证候类型和该证相关症状频数规律及各证型的疼痛轻重程度趋势。结果60例癌痛患者出现正虚瘀结型为58．3％（35／60）,气血亏虚证为20％（12／60）。结论癌痛患者中医证型以正虚瘀结型为主,气血亏虚证其次。瘀血阻滞型的肿瘤患者疼痛程度较重,气血亏虚型患者疼痛较轻的趋势。     

乙酰胆碱参与皮层下行调制疼痛的作用

<正> 我们实验室的工作曾报导,刺激猫的皮层SⅡ区、SⅠ区或十字沟前区可抑制丘脑髓板内核群神经元的伤害性反应及针刺镇痛效应。相继刺激大鼠的皮层SmⅠ区也获     

大鼠中缝背核5-HT能神经元树突的形态学观察——细胞内HRP注射之研究

<正> 中缝背核(dorsal raphe nucleus,DR)头端平动眼神经核尾极,尾端达背侧被盖核水平,其背面紧邻第四脑室底头端及中脑导水管尾端腹面,在滑车神经核的水平,DR可进一步分为背正中亚核、腹内侧亚核     

Microscopic identification of beimu grown in Yunnan province]

This paper deals with the microscopic identification of the bulbs of 5 Fritillaria species from Yunnan Province, namely: F. cirrhosa, F. cirrhosa var. purpurea, F. cirrhosa var. viridiflava, F. delavayi and F. crassicaulis. Based on the shape, size, hilum and striation of the starch grain and the cuticular veins of the upper epidermis cell of the scales, these species could be distinguished obviously.