烟雾暴露小鼠肺部氧化应激与炎症的变化及戒烟的影响

目的：观察烟草暴露小鼠肺部氧化应激状态变化与炎症因子的关系及戒烟对其的影响。方法50只雄性Balb/ c 小鼠按随机数字表法分为对照组、烟雾暴露组、戒烟组。戒烟组小鼠烟雾暴露16周后戒烟,戒烟4、8、12周时处死小鼠留取支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）及肺组织标本。采用HE 法观察小鼠肺组织病理学形态改变,测量肺平均内衬间隔和平均肺泡数,收集 BALF 进行细胞计数,羟胺法测定肺组织匀浆中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活力,TBA 法测定肺匀浆中丙二醛（MDA）水平,ELISA 法测定 BALF 和肺匀浆中白细胞介素-8（IL-8）、肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）的浓度。结果与对照组比较,烟雾暴露组小鼠出现明显的肺气肿变化, BALF 中炎症细胞显著增多（P <0.05）,戒烟后明显减少（P<0.05）;肺组织匀浆中 SOD 活力和 MDA 水平增高（ P <0.05）,戒烟后逐渐下降。烟雾暴露组小鼠 BALF、肺组织匀浆中 IL-8和 TNF-α浓度显著增高（P <0.05）,戒烟后明显降低,并随戒烟时间延长更加明显,但未降至正常水平。SOD活力和 MDA 水平与炎症因子之间呈显著正相关性。结论吸烟可以导致小鼠肺部氧化应激异常和气道炎症,戒烟可减轻氧化应激和气道炎症,但未能恢复到完全正常,炎症持续存在。     

烟雾暴露所致肺气肿小鼠模型的建立与评价

目的 探讨单纯烟雾暴露所致肺气肿小鼠模型建立及病理学、气道炎症及肺功能评价,并进行支气管肺泡灌洗(bronchoalveolar lavage,BAL)技术的改进.方法 20只C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为正常对照及烟雾暴露组,烟雾暴露90 d并观察30 d后行小鼠肺功能检查、应用改进方法留取BALF行细胞计数及行肺组织病理切片观察,并与正常对照组进行比较.结果 烟雾暴露组小鼠气道阻力(Raw)较正常对照组增高,动态肺顺应性(Cdyn)降低;BALF中细胞总数高于正常对照组,巨噬细胞数(AM)、中性粒细胞数(N)、中性粒细胞所占比例(N%)也高于对照组,差异均有统计学意义;病理学观察示烟雾暴露组肺泡腔扩大、部分肺泡间隔断裂、肺泡腔融合、肺气肿形成,气道上皮排列紊乱、部分气道上皮增生、周围炎症细胞浸润并伴有平滑肌增生;形态学计量分析示烟雾暴露组平均内衬间隔(MLI)及肺泡破坏指数(DI)较正常对照组增加.应用改进技术行BAL成功率100%,回收率高达90%.结论 单纯烟雾暴露可以成功建立小鼠肺气肿模型且稳定可靠,与人类慢性阻塞性肺病相似性好,经BAL技术改进后该模型可行性高.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对香烟暴露小鼠肺组织中 IL-17A 及 IL-22的影响

目的：探讨香烟暴露诱导的肺气肿小鼠肺组织中白介素-17A（IL-17A）以及白介素-22（IL-22）的变化以及戒烟、N-乙酰半胱氨酸（NAC）对 IL-17A 和 IL-22的影响。方法采用香烟暴露法建立小鼠肺气肿模型,给予戒烟及 NAC 灌胃干预。采用 ELISA 法检测肺匀浆及肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中IL-17A 和 IL-22浓度。HE 染色观察肺组织病理学变化。结果香烟暴露可使小鼠肺组织发生肺气肿样变化。与正常对照组相比,肺匀浆及 BALF 中,香烟暴露后 IL-17A 及 IL-22水平升高（P ＜0．05）。与香烟暴露组比较,戒烟及 NAC 灌胃后 IL-17A 及 IL-22水平下降（P ＜0．05）。肺匀浆及 BALF中 IL-22与 IL-17A 的比值逐渐降低。结论 IL-17A 及 IL-22与香烟暴露导致的小鼠肺组织中慢性炎症的发生有关。戒烟及 NAC 处理对吸烟导致的 IL-17A 及 IL-22变化有一定干预作用。     

吸烟诱导肺气肿大鼠血清AECA的表达及甲基波尼松龙的干预影响

目的 探讨吸烟诱导肺气肿大鼠血清抗血管内皮细胞抗体(AECA)的表达,分析甲基波尼松龙对其干预影响.方法 将39只大鼠随机分为对照组、吸烟大鼠肺气肿模型组(模型组)、甲基波尼松龙干预组(干预组).模型组及干预组进行烟雾暴露被动吸烟1个月时,对干预组腹腔注射甲基波尼松龙(每天1次,每周6 d).烟雾暴露90 d后,比较各组大鼠血清AECA、支气管肺泡灌洗液(BACF)中白细胞介素-8(IL-8)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)及肺组织中肺平均内衬间隔(MLI)、平均肺泡数(MAN)的差异.结果 模型组血清AECA比对照组、干预组升高(P＜0.05);模型组BALF中IL-8、TNF-α、MMP-9水平较对照组、干预组均升高(P＜0.05).结论 AECA参与吸烟诱导肺气肿大鼠形成,甲基波尼松龙可降低AECA及细胞炎症因子水平,并影响肺气肿的形成.     

香烟烟雾暴露建立肺气肿小鼠骨骼肌并发症模型的方法

目的探讨通过香烟烟雾暴露将小鼠制备成肺气肿模型,再进一步使其产生系统性炎症形成骨骼肌并发症模型的方法。方法将昆明种系雄性小鼠48只随机平均分为4组:12周正常对照组(A组),24周正常对照组(B组),12周烟雾暴露组(C组),24周烟雾暴露组(D组)。采用单纯长期香烟烟雾被动吸入方式,建立小鼠肺气肿模型。通过肺组织石蜡包埋切片,HE染色观察肺泡结构病理变化,并定量测定平均肺泡数(MAN)和平均肺泡面积量化肺气肿变化程度;进一步测量小鼠体重变化情况,通过该小鼠骨骼肌组织石蜡包埋切片,HE染色观察骨骼肌形态学及结构改变。通过肌间隙产生炎症细胞浸润,肌细胞出现形态结构上的改变,以及局部出现坏死病灶来衡量骨骼肌并发症严重程度。结果观察香烟烟雾暴露小鼠肺组织病理切片发现,肺泡腔扩大、部分肺泡间隔断裂、肺泡腔融合、肺组织肺大泡形成伴周围炎症细胞浸润。A组小鼠平均肺泡面积为(18860±813.2)μm2,B组为(18204±1248.4)μm2,C组为(41787.2±2310.4)μm2,D组为(51577.2±2207.2)μm2。分析发现对照组平均肺泡面积明显低于烟雾暴露组(P<0.01)。烟雾暴露组MAN比正常对照组低(P<0.01)。进一步观察同一例小鼠骨骼肌组织病理切片发现,烟雾暴露组骨骼肌组织中有周围炎症细胞浸润伴随肌细胞形态结构改变,局部性坏死病灶产生,而正常对照组无此改变。结论单纯吸烟法既可以建立肺气肿模型,也可以建立骨骼肌并发症的模型。这为模拟慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(COPD)病人出现系统性炎症,以进行相关科学研究提供了有利条件。     

辛伐他汀对大鼠烟雾吸入性肺损伤中炎症反应的抑制作用

目的 研究辛伐他汀对大鼠烟雾吸手性肺损伤中炎症反应的抑制作用.方法 将18只SD大鼠(雌雄不限)随机分为正常组、盐水组、辛伐他汀组,建立烟雾吸手性肺损伤模型,模型建立后30 min及12 h,辛伐他汀组给予辛伐他汀溶液50 mg/kg灌胃,盐水组大鼠给予等量生理盐水灌胃,正常组大鼠正常饲养.于致伤后24 h取右上肺肺组织行病理检查并行病理学评分.经腹主动脉取全血离心留取上层血清,并行左侧支气管肺泡灌洗留取肺泡灌洗液(BALF),采用ELISA法检测血清及BALF中白介素(IL)-6、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)-α的含量.取右下肺部分肺组织以Western blot法检测蛋白提取物中IL-6、TNF-α及胞质中NF-κB p65的蛋白表达情况.结果 光镜下观察正常组肺泡结构正常,盐水组肺泡间隔水肿,肺泡腔内可见大量的中性粒细胞浸润,而与盐水组相比,辛伐他汀组上述症状减轻且肺组织病理学评分降低(P＜0.05).盐水组、辛伐他汀组血清和BALF中IL-6、TNF-α的含量以及肺组织蛋白提取物中IL-6、TNF-α和NF-κB的表达均较正常组明显升高(P＜0.05).而与盐水组相比,辛伐他汀组大鼠血清和BALF中IL-6、TNF-α的含量以及肺组织蛋白提取物中IL-6、TNF-α及NF-κB p65的表达均降低(P＜0.05).结论 辛伐他汀通过抑制炎症介质的产生及炎症细胞的浸润,减轻吸手性肺损伤的炎症反应,对肺组织起到了一定的保护作用.     

9肺内输入骨髓间充质干细胞对肺气肿大鼠慢性炎症的调控

目的探讨移植骨髓间充质干细胞（MSC）对肺气肿大鼠慢性炎症的调控作用。方法烟熏法复制大鼠肺气肿模型。携带绿色荧光蛋白（GFP）的慢病毒转染MSC,烟熏大鼠肺内输入转染的MSC（n=4）,小动物活体成像系统观察MSC的分布。36只SD大鼠随机分为对照组、肺气肿组及MSC干预组,评估支气管肺泡灌洗液（BALF）中细胞总数和分类计数,双抗体夹心酶联免疫吸附测定法（ELISA）检测BALF、血清中肿瘤坏死因子α（TNF-α）、白细胞介素1β（IL-1β）水平,比色法检测肺组织丙二醛（MDA）含量,测量平均内衬间隔（MLI）评估肺气肿改变。结果肺内输入MSC 4周后,不同肺叶仍可见存活的MSC。与肺气肿组相比,MSC干预组BALF中细胞总数、血清和BALF中TNF-α及IL-1β水平、肺组织中MDA含量和MLI均明显减低,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论 MSC降低肺气肿大鼠气道及全身炎症介质TNF-α和IL-1β的表达,减轻气道炎症和氧化应激水平,对肺气肿有明显的治疗作用。     

终止香烟烟雾暴露后大鼠Th1/Tc1介导气道炎症及调节性T细胞的变化

目的 观察香烟烟雾暴露和终止香烟烟雾暴露后大鼠Th1/Tc1介导气道炎症及支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中调节性T细胞(Treg)的变化.方法 将50只健康清洁级雄性Wistar大鼠随机分为5组:12周正常对照组(简称12周对照组)、24周正常对照组(简称24周对照组)、12周香烟烟雾暴露组(简称12周暴露组)、24周香烟烟雾暴露组(简称24周暴露组)、终止香烟烟雾暴露组(简称终止暴露组).烟熏法复制大鼠气道炎症的动物模型.12周后,12周对照组、12周暴露组处置取材,24周暴露组继续烟熏12周,终止暴露组终止烟雾暴露12周,将后2组及24周对照组处置取材.HE染色观察小气道病理改变,进行气道评分;收集BALF进行细胞学计数和分类计数;酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)法测BALF中4种细胞因子:Th1/Th2型细胞因子干扰素(IFN)γ、白细胞介素(IL)4及促炎因子IL-8、肿瘤坏死因子(TNF)α的浓度;流式细胞术检测各组大鼠BALF中Treg细胞的比例,RT-PCR检测各组大鼠BALF中Foxp3 mRNA的表达.结果 (1)12周暴露组、24周暴露组、终止暴露组气道炎症评分较12周对照组、24周对照组明显高(均P＜0.01).24周暴露组、终止暴露组气道炎症评分均较12周暴露组高(均P＜0.01).(2)与12周对照组、24周对照组相比,12周暴露组、24周暴露组、终止暴露组BALF中IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-8高,IL-4低(均P＜0.01).与12周暴露组相比,终止暴露组IFN-γ、IL-4、TNF-α差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05),IL-8较高(P＜0.01),24周暴露组IFN-γ、TNF-α和IL-8明显高(均P＜0.01).(3)BALF中Treg细胞比例,12周暴露组(7.4%±0.8%)、24周暴露组(7.8%±1.7%)、终止暴露组(7.0%±1.4%)较12周对照组(4.8%±1.2%)、24周对照组(4.7%±1.2%)高(均P＜0.01),前3组之间BALF中Treg细胞比例差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).(4)12周暴露组(0.22±0.02)、24周暴露组(0.23±0.03)、终止暴露组(0.20±0.04)BALF中Foxp3 mRNA表达较12周暴露组(0.13±0.01)、24周暴露组(0.11±0.02)高(均P＜0.01).前3者之间BALF中Foxp3 mRNA表达差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).结论 香烟暴露致大鼠气道Th1/Tc1介导炎症伴Treg细胞表达增高,终止香烟烟雾暴露后其炎症及Treg细胞高表达仍持续存在,提示该免疫失衡可能是导致终止香烟暴露后Th1/Tc1气道炎症仍持续进展的原因之一.     

间充质干细胞移植减轻大鼠肺气肿和肺泡壁细胞凋亡机制探讨

目的 研究骨髓间充质干细胞(mesenchymal stem cells,MSCs)移植在肺气肿大鼠肺泡壁细胞凋亡和肺气肿的发展过程中的作用.方法 36只雌性Lewis大鼠被随机分为正常对照组12只,肺气肿组12只,肺气肿+MSCs移植组12只.处理8周后处死大鼠,评估肺组织形态学;ELISA方法检测肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中血管内皮细胞生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)水平;Western blot法检测肺组织VEGF和血管内皮细胞生长因子受体-2(VEGF receptor 2,VEGFR2)蛋白表达;TUNEL法评估肺泡壁细胞凋亡指数.结果 在肺气肿组和肺气肿+MSCs移植组可以观察到大鼠肺气肿样改变.肺气肿+MSCs移植组与肺气肿组相比肺气肿样改变减轻.在这两组之间肺平均内衬间隔(MLI)、单位面积平均肺泡数(MAN)、平均肺泡面积(MAA)差异均有统计学意义(均P＜0.05).肺气肿+MSCs移植组肺泡壁细胞凋亡指数低于肺气肿组.肺气肿+MSCs移植组肺泡灌洗液中VEGF水平明显高于肺气肿组,而且肺组织中VEGF与VEGFR2水平也明显高于肺气肿组.结论 MSCs移植肺气肿大鼠,可以通过逆转VEGF和VEGFR2表达减少来减轻肺泡壁细胞凋亡和肺气肿的发生.     

急性、慢性臭氧暴露对小鼠肺部炎症、肺部结构和肺功能的影响

目的 探讨急性、慢性臭氧暴露对小鼠肺部炎症、肺部结构和肺功能的影响。方法 32 只C57/BL6小鼠随机分为单次（ 急性） 臭氧暴露组、单次空气暴露组、多次（ 慢性） 臭氧暴露组（ 1 次/3 d, 6 周） 和多次空气暴露组, 每组8 只。小鼠暴露于2. 5 ppm的臭氧环境中, 3 h/ 次。于臭氧暴露结束后24 h, 评估肺容积和低密度区（ LAA） 比例、肺功能、支气管肺泡灌洗液（ BALF） 细胞计数、BALF 丙二醛（ MDA） 、血清8-脱氧鸟苷（ 8-OHdG） 、肺部炎症积分以及肺组织平均内衬间隔（ Lm） 。结果 与单次空气暴露组比较, 单次（ 急性） 臭氧暴露增加BALF炎症细胞总数, 增加肺部炎症积分,增加BALF 中MDA 水平、血清8-OHdG 水平, 不影响肺容积、肺容积中LAA 比例、肺总量、呼吸气流、肺部Lm。与单次（ 急性） 臭氧暴露组、单次空气暴露组、多次空气暴露组比较, 多次（ 慢性） 臭氧暴露增加BALF 炎症细胞总数, 增加肺容积、肺容积中LAA 比例, 增加肺总量, 介导呼出气流阻塞, 增加肺部炎症积分和Lm。结论 急性臭氧暴露诱导气道/ 肺部炎症和氧化应激, 慢性臭氧暴露诱导气道/ 肺部炎症、肺气肿和呼出气流阻塞。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.