骨形态蛋白-7对糖尿病大鼠nephrin表达和分布的影响

目的 观察骨形态蛋白-7(BMP-7)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠nephrin表达和分布的影响.方法 20只链脲左菌素(STZ)诱导的糖尿病大鼠模型随机分为糖尿病组(DM)和BMP-7治疗组(BMP-7)各10只,另以10只大鼠作对照组(NC).BMP-7组每周2次腹腔注射人重组BMP-7 30 μg/kg.DM组和NC组给予等量的生理盐水注射.于8、16、24周检测不同时间点24h尿蛋白、尿肌酐和血糖.24周处死动物.PAS染色和透射电镜观察肾组织学改变,RT.PCR、免疫荧光检测nephrin的表达和分布,免疫组化技术检测TGF-β1和WT1的表达.结果 与NC组比,DM组24 h尿蛋白、肾质量/体质量指数、TGF-β1的表达均显著高于NC组(F值分别为174.3、38.9、117.7,P均小于<0.01)差异均具有统计学意义.而内生肌酐清除率(Cer)、足细胞数目、nephrin的表达显著低于NC组(F值分别为13.4、79.04、65.5,P均<0.01),而且nephrin由正常的沿毛细血管襻线状分布向颗粒状、团块状改变.BMP-7组24 h尿蛋白、肾质量/体质量、TGF-β1的表达较DM组显著降低,Cer、足细胞数目和nephrin mRNA的表达显著增加,且保持着正常的沿毛细血管襻线状分布,肾脏病理改变减轻.结论 外源性的运用BMP-7可以有效地抑制糖尿病引起的nephrin表达的下凋,维持nephrin在足细胞上的正常分布;BMP-7对糖尿病大鼠肾脏保护作用町能与拮抗了TGF-β1的活化有关.     

二甲双胍对2型糖尿病模型大鼠肾组织nephrin表达的影响

目的 观察不同剂量二甲双胍( MET)对2型糖尿病(T2DM)模型大鼠肾组织nephrin 表达的影响,了解其对肾小球足细胞的保护作用. 方法 高脂饲料喂养结合腹腔注射小剂量链脲佐菌素(STZ)建立T2DM大鼠模型,给予不同剂量[150、300、500 mg/(kg·d)]MET干预治疗(MET1组、MET2组、MET3组),并设立糖尿病模型组(T2DM组)和正常对照组(NC组). 8 周后,观察各组大鼠血糖(BG)、糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)、尿素氮(BUN)、尿白蛋白和尿nephrin排泄的情况以及肾脏组织病理改变和nephrin表达的变化. 结果 8 周末, MET 三组 BG、HbA1c、尿白蛋白/尿肌酐(UACR)、基底膜厚度(GBMT)和足突融合率(FRFP)明显低于T2DM 组,高于 NC 组(P <0. 05);MET2、MET3 组低于MET1 组( P <0. 05 ). MET 组血 BUN、尿 nephrin/尿肌酐(UNER)低于T2DM组(P<0. 05),MET3与MET1组差异有统计学意义(P<0. 05). MET组肾组织nephrin蛋白和mR-NA表达较T2DM 组显著升高(P<0. 05),但是低于 NC组( P<0. 05 );各MET组间nephrin蛋白表达差异无统计学意义,MET3 组nephrin mRNA表达高于MET1 组( P<0. 05 ).结论 MET可减轻T2DM模型大鼠肾组织nephrin表达的减少和保护足细胞,并有一定的剂量依赖性.     

二甲双胍对2型糖尿病模型大鼠尿nephrin排泄的影响

目的:观察二甲双胍对2型糖尿病模型大鼠尿nephrin(UNE)排泄的动态影响,探讨二甲双胍对糖尿病肾小球足细胞的保护作用?方法:将高脂膳食联合小剂量链脲佐菌素(streptozotocin,STZ)诱导的2型糖尿病大鼠随机分为3组:糖尿病模型组?二甲双胍干预组?优降糖干预组,并设正常对照组?干预前后监测血糖(BG)以及尿白蛋白(UALB)和尿nephrin排泄?8周末糖化血红蛋白(HbA1c)的变化?结果:①3组糖尿病大鼠BG及HbA1c均明显高于正常组(P < 0.05);经二甲双胍和优降糖干预后,4?8周末2组BG和HbA1c均明显低于2型糖尿病模型组(P < 0.05),但差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05);②4?8周末各糖尿病大鼠尿白蛋白/肌酐比(UACR)明显高于正常组(P < 0.05);与2型糖尿病模型组比较,二甲双胍和优降糖组UACR值明显降低(P < 0.05),4周末,两干预组间无显著性差异(P > 0.05),8周末,两组间差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05);③0?2周末,4组大鼠尿nephrin/肌酐比(UNER)差异无统计学意义,4?8周末,各糖尿病大鼠UNER均明显高于正常组(P < 0.05),二甲双胍和优降糖干预组UNER明显低于糖尿病模型组(P < 0.05),且二甲双胍组低于优降糖组(P < 0.05);④Pearson相关分析显示UNER与UACR存在正相关(r=0.846,P < 0.05)?结论:二甲双胍可以降低糖尿病肾病大鼠尿nephrin的排泄,提示对肾小球足细胞可能存在保护作用,该作用不完全依赖于血糖的降低?     

活性维生素D3对糖尿病大鼠肾脏TGF-β1和HGF表达的影响

目的:探讨活性维生素D3对糖尿病大鼠肾脏(Transforming growth factor-beta 1,TGF-β1)和肝细胞生长因子(Hepatocyte growth factor,HGF)表达的影响.方法:雄性SD大鼠30只,按随机数字表法分为正常对照组(NC),糖尿病模型组(DM),活性维生素D3治疗组(DC),每组10只.12周后,观测肾组织形态学和肾功能变化,尿白蛋白排泄率等指标的变化,用免疫组化法检测肾脏TGF-β1表达水平的变化,RT-PCR法检测肾皮质TGF-β1mRNA、HGFmRNA表达水平的变化.结果:与NC组比较,第12周末DM组大鼠肾脏肥大指数(KW/BW)、平均肾小球体积(MGV)、系膜面积比(FMA)、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血肌酐(Scr)均明显升高(P＜0.05),肾组织TGF-1mRNA及蛋白表达水平也显著升高(P＜0.05),同时肾皮质HGFmRNA表达也有所增加(P＜0.05).DC组HGFmRNA的表达水平较DM组显著升高(P＜0.05),而上述其他指标与DM组比较,则有明显的降低(P＜0.05).结论:活性维生素D3对于糖尿病肾脏病变至少具有部分保护作用,其机制可能为通过抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏TGF-β1的过度表达,而上调HGF的表达,从而对糖尿病大鼠肾脏起保护作用.     

解聚复肾宁对糖尿病鼠尿TGF-β1的影响及肾保护作用研究

目的:探讨解聚复肾宁(JJFSN)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠尿转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)的影响及肾脏保护作用。方法:建立链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导的SD大鼠DM模型,将成模DM大鼠随机分为2组:DM模型(B组)、JJFSN组(C组),另设正常对照组(A组)。采用相应干预措施处理12周。常规方法测定12周末各组大鼠肾功能、24h尿量、24h尿蛋白定量(24hPro)、尿肌酐;ELISA法测定尿TGF-β1的水平;光镜观察肾脏形态。结果:与DM模型比较,JJFSN组大鼠尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Scr)、24hPro、24h尿量、尿TGF-β1水平明显降低(P﹤0.05),尿肌酐排泄增高(P﹤0.05)。结论:JJFSN对DM大鼠肾脏具有保护作用,其机制可能与降低尿TGF-β1有关。     

积雪草酸对糖尿病大鼠肾脏c-Jun氨基末端激酶信号通路的影响

目的:探讨积雪草酸(AA)对糖尿病(DM)大鼠肾脏c-Jun氨基末端激酶(JNK)信号通路及足细胞的影响。方法:链脲佐菌素诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,将糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病组(DM组)和AA干预组(AA组),并以正常组(NC组)作对照。干预8周后测各组血尿素氮(BUN)、肌酐(SCR)、尿白蛋白排泄率(UAER)、血糖、肾皮质超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、丙二醛(MDA)水平;透射电镜观察足细胞超微结构;Western blot法测肾脏p-JNK、JNK蛋白的表达;免疫组化法测足细胞nephrin蛋白的表达。结果:与NC组比较,DM组血BUN、SCR、UAER、血糖均显著增加(均P<0.01);肾皮质MDA含量显著增加(P<0.05),SOD活性显著降低(P<0.05);透射电镜示:DM组足突增宽,肾小球基底膜增厚,系膜基质增多。肾脏p-JNK、JNK表达均显著增加(均P<0.01);nephrin的表达显著降低(P<0.01)。与DM组比较,AA组血BUN、SCR、UAER、MDA含量均显著降低(均P<0.05),SOD活性显著增加(P<0.05);足细胞超微结构明显改善;肾脏p-JNK、JNK表达均显著降低(均P...     

Resveratrol对糖尿病大鼠肾皮质4E-BP1和S6磷酸化表达的影响

目的:探讨Resveratrol对糖尿病(DM)大鼠早期肾脏肥大的影响及其可能的机制?方法:雄性SD大鼠13只,应用链脲佐菌素诱导建立DM大鼠模型,6只正常SD大鼠作为对照(NC)?DM大鼠于第11周随机分为DM组7只和Resveratrol(DR)组6只,DR组给予Resveratrol 10 mg/(kg·d)灌胃,共4周?第14周收集3组大鼠24 h尿测尿微量白蛋白?处死大鼠,心脏取血测血肌酐?取肾组织,制石蜡切片做HE染色,免疫组化观察肾皮质4E-BP1磷酸化蛋白表达量的变化?Western blot检测肾皮质S6磷酸化蛋白表达的改变?结果:与NC组相比,DR和DM组大鼠血糖?24 h尿微量白蛋白和血肌酐明显升高,而体重明显降低(P均 < 0.01),而用Resveratrol干预后DR组大鼠血糖?24 h尿微量白蛋白及血肌酐比DM组明显好转(P < 0.05)?肾脏HE染色结果显示,DM组大鼠肾小球系膜基质中度增生,系膜细胞增生,系膜区明显扩大,肾小球体积增大?DR组肾小球系膜细胞和基质增生及肾小球系膜区扩张较DM组明显减轻?肾皮质免疫组化结果显示,4E-BP1磷酸化蛋白在DM组表达呈强阳性,在DR组表达呈弱阳性?DM和DR组大鼠血管组织中S6磷酸化蛋白的表达明显高于NC组(P < 0.01),而DR组明显低于DM组(P < 0.01)?结论:DM大鼠早期存在肾脏肥大和mTOR信号通路下游的4E-BP1和S6磷酸化蛋白表达增高?Resveratrol可能通过抑制4E-BP1和S6的磷酸化来减轻DM大鼠早期肾脏肥大,延缓糖尿病肾病的发展?     

罗格列酮对糖尿病大鼠肾组织nephrin表达的影响

目的:探讨糖尿病大鼠肾组织nephrin的表达以及罗格列酮干预后对其表达的影响。方法:链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导糖尿病大鼠模型,将糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病非干预组(DM组)和罗格列酮干预组(DR组),并以正常组(NC组)作对照。干预8周后,观察各组大鼠尿蛋白、血糖、血脂、血尿素氮(BUN)、血肌酐(Cr)变化;用免疫组化及实时荧光定量PCR检测肾组织nephrin蛋白及mRNA的表达。结果:①DM组大鼠尿蛋白、血BUN,Cr较NC组明显升高,肾组织nephrin蛋白及mRNA表达降低;与DM组相比,DR组大鼠尿蛋白、血BUN,Cr降低,nephrin蛋白及mR-NA表达上调。②DM组血糖、血脂与NC组相比,差异有统计学意义,与DR组比较差异无统计学意义。结论:罗格列酮可能通过上调糖尿病大鼠肾组织nephrin表达,发挥不依赖糖脂代谢的直接肾保护作用。     

黄芪菟箭合剂对糖尿病大鼠肾脏足细胞保护作用机制的研究

目的 观察中药黄芪菟箭合剂对糖尿病大鼠尿白蛋白排泄率及其对肾足细胞保护及凋亡相关指标的影响。方法链脲佐菌素(STZ)诱导成模的糖尿病大鼠随机分为糖尿病组(DM组)、黄芪菟箭合剂治疗组(CM组)、缬沙坦组(V组);另设正常对照组(CON组)。CM组以10g/(kg·d)灌胃黄芪菟箭合剂、V组以40mg/(kg·d)灌胃缬沙坦。干预12周后,分别检测大鼠的肾/体重比、尿白蛋白肌酐比(ACR)、肌酐清除率(CCR),并以Western blot法检测肾皮质ZO-1、nephrin、caspase-3及NF-κB的蛋白表达。结果 DM组的肾/体重比、ACR、CCR均显著高于CON组(P＜0.05);CM组和V组的肾/体重比、ACR、CCR较DM组均明显下降(P＜0.05),CM组和V组之间比较,差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05)。与CON组比较,DM组的肾皮质ZO-1、nephrin的蛋白表达显著降低(P＜0.01),而caspase-3和NF-κB蛋白表达则显著升高(P＜0.01)。与DM组比较,CM组及V组的肾皮质ZO-1和nephrin表达量升高,caspase-3及NF-κB表达量降低,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05)。结论 黄芪菟箭合剂可抑制糖尿病大鼠肾脏高滤过状态、降低尿白蛋白排泄率,其肾保护机制可能与其保护足细胞、抑制足细胞凋亡有关。     

2型糖尿病大鼠肾脏相关细胞因子表达与足细胞损伤关系

目的 探讨转化生长因子β1（TGF-β1）、骨形态发生蛋白7（BMP-7）、结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）、nephrin在2型糖尿病肾病（DKD）大鼠肾脏组织表达变化,及其与肾脏足细胞损伤的关系。方法 雄性SD大鼠50只,随机分为正常对照组（NC组,20只）和模型组（DKD组,30只）,DKD组给予高糖高脂饲料喂养8周建立2型糖尿病模型,建模成功后空腹状态下给予小剂量链脲佐菌素（STZ,30 mg/kg）一次性腹腔注射;NC组给予常规饲料喂养,腹腔注射等量枸橼酸缓冲液,继续喂养8周。于8周末检测两组24 h尿清蛋白（UAL）、空腹血糖（FBG）、血肌酐（Scr）、尿肌酐（Ucr）,电镜观察肾小球足细胞超微结构的变化,光镜检测肾小球硬化指数（GSI）,免疫组化、实时定量PCR检测肾组织nephrin、BMP-7、CTGF、TGF-β1的表达。结果 与NC组比较,DKD组大鼠UAL、GSI明显升高,肾小球足细胞nephrin、BMP-7表达下调,而CTGF及TGF-β1表达上调,差异均有显著性（t=3.20-41.17,P〈0.01）。光镜下观察,DKD组大鼠肾小球肥大,系膜细胞增生,细胞外基质增多。电镜下观察,DKD组大鼠肾脏足细胞肿胀,足突融合消失,足细胞损伤。结论 DKD 大鼠肾小球存在足细胞损害,其机制可能与 BMP-7 表达下调及 CTGF、TGF-β1 过度表达有关。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.