5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷逆转RASSF1A基因甲基化对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞的影响

目的：探讨启动子甲基化对乳腺癌MCF-7细胞RASSF1A基因的作用及5-氮杂-2′-脱氧胞苷（5-Aza-CdR）干预对启动子甲基化的影响,为临床治疗乳腺癌奠定理论基础.方法：用1,3,5,7,9μmol/L不同浓度的5-Aza-CdR处理MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株,通过MTT检测5-Aza-CdR对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株存活率的影响;建立5μmol/L,10μmol/L的浓度梯度流式细胞仪检测5-Aza-CdR对MCF-7乳腺癌细胞株生长周期及凋亡率的影响,MSP（甲基化PCR）检测5-Aza-CdR处理前后RASFF1A抑癌基因的甲基化状态,RT-PCR检测处理前后抑癌基因RASSF1A mRNA表达情况.结果：5-Aza-CdR抑制体外培养的人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞,诱导人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞凋亡和细胞周期停滞在G0/G1期,呈浓度依赖性.经5-Aza-CdR处理人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞后,MSP检测RASSF1A基因发生了甲基化,RT-PCR检测RASSF1A mRNA恢复了表达.结论：RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化是导致其失活的主要原因,5-Aza-CdR可以逆转乳腺癌细胞株MCF-7细胞RASSF1A基因启动子甲基化状态,使其重新表达．     

MCF-7/Adr细胞mdr-1基因启动子甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化状态与多药耐药的关系

目的：分析MCF-7/Adr及MCF-7细胞mdr-1基因启动子甲基化和组蛋白乙酰化状态,初步探讨乳腺癌多药耐药的表观遗传机制。 方法：用甲基化敏感PCR技术检测两个细胞系mdr-1基因启动子甲基化状态。实时定量PCR技术检测DNA甲基转移酶（DNA methyltransferases,DNMTs) mRNA及组蛋白去乙酰化酶（histone deacetylases,HDACs) mRNA的表达。光密度值法检测组蛋白H3和H4乙酰化水平。 结果：MCF-7细胞mdr-1基因启动子呈现高甲基化,MCF-7/Adr细胞mdr-1基因启动子呈现低甲基化。与MCF-7细胞比较,MCF-7/Adr细胞DNMT1,DNMT3a及DNMT3b mRNA表达显著下降(P＜0.05)。MCF-7/Adr细胞组蛋白H3和H4乙酰化水平较MCF-7细胞明显升高(P＜0.01)。与MCF-7细胞比较,MCF-7/Adr细胞HDAC1,HDAC2,HDAC7及SIRT1 mRNA的表达显著下降(P＜0.01)。 结论：mdr-1基因启动子低甲基化、组蛋白H3和H4高乙酰化、DNMTs mRNA及HDACs mRNA低表达可能是介导MCF-7/Adr细胞MDR形成的重要表观遗传学因素。     

人子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1-B中RASSF1A基因的甲基化及其表达

目的:研究Ras相关结构域家族1A基因(RASSF1A)启动子区域在子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1-B中的甲基化状态及其与RASSF1A基因表达的关系。方法:采用甲基化特异性PCR(Methylation specialPCR,MSP)技术检测HEC-1-B细胞RASSF1A基因甲基化状态;采用逆转录PCR(RT-PCR)技术检测HEC-1-B细胞RASSF1A mRNA表达;并观察去甲基化药物5-杂氮脱氧胞苷(5-Aza-CdR)作用后RASSF1A基因甲基化状态和RASSF1A mRNA表达。结果:子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1-B存在RASSF1A高甲基化,RASSF1A mRNA表达缺失或低表达。结论:子宫内膜癌细胞株HEC-1-B中的RASSF1A基因启动子区域DNA存在高甲基化,可能在子宫内膜癌的发生发展中起作用。     

雷公藤甲素对乳腺癌细胞P53、P73基因甲基化的影响以及对细胞增殖的抑制作用

摘要 目的：研究雷公藤甲素（triptolide,TP）对人乳腺癌MCF-7细胞系增殖的影响及其与P53、P73基因表达和甲基化状态的关系。方法：用不同浓度（10、20、40ng/ml）TP处理MCF-7细胞,采用MTT法检测TP对MCF-7细胞增殖的作用;RT-PCR检测MCF-7细胞甲基转移酶1（DNMT1）、DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRNA的表达;甲基特异性PCR检测TP对MCF-7细胞P53/P73基因甲基化的影响; 蛋白质印迹分析检测MCF-7细胞中P53/P73蛋白的表达。结果：TP剂量依赖性地抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖（P<0.05, P<0.01）,其半数抑制浓度（IC50）约为20ng/ml（P<0.01）,高浓度（40ng/ml）时抑制率达（70.13.52）%。TP可明显抑制MCF-7细胞中DNMT1、DNMT3a、DNMT3b mRNA（P<0.05,P<0.01）的表达。TP处理MCF-7细胞后P53启动子区的甲基化降低,TP(20ng/ml)处理后P53 mRNA的表达升高,而在高浓度(40ng/ml) TP作用下表达明显上调(P<0.0501);TP处理MCF-7细胞后P73基因启动子区的甲基化则明显降低,并呈剂量依赖性,且TP(20ng10ng/ml)处理后P73 mRNA的表达亦明显增强(P<0.0105) ,并呈剂量依赖性。蛋白质印迹分析检测TP(20ng/ml)处理MCF-7细胞后,P53、P73蛋白的表达均增强。结论：TP可通过抑制甲基转移酶活性、抑制P53特别是P73基因启动子区甲基化,促进P53/P73的表达,从而抑制MCF-7细胞的增殖。     

阿霉素上调膀胱癌细胞DAPK的基因表达机制研究

目的探讨抗肿瘤药物阿霉素对膀胱癌细胞中DAPK基因表达的影响及其机制.方法分别采用0.01μg/mL,0.1μg/mL和1μg/mL浓度的阿霉素处理膀胱癌5637细胞,然后采用Western-blot方法检测各组膀胱癌细胞中DAPK基因的表达水平,同时测定其中DNA甲基转移酶（DNMT1）的表达水平,然后采用甲基化特异PCR（MSP）和亚硫酸盐修饰测序（BSP）的方法分别检测细胞中DAPK基因的甲基化状态.结果0.01μg/mL浓度的阿霉素即可以显著上调5637细胞中DAPK基因的表达,且该作用具有剂量依赖性.阿霉素处理后,膀胱癌细胞中DNMT1的表达水平下降.MSP及BSP研究发现阿霉素处理后膀胱癌细胞中DAPK基因启动子区甲基化水平下降.结论阿霉素可以上调膀胱癌细胞中DAPK基因的表达水平,可能与其通过下调DN-MT1的表达导致DAPK基因的甲基化水平下降有关.     

人胃癌细胞株CDX2基因表达与其启动子区甲基化的关系

目的:探讨人胃癌细胞株CDX2基因表达与其启动子区甲基化的关系.方法:不同浓度5-aza-CdR处理MKN45细胞株,甲基化特异性PCR(MSP)检测用药前后CDX2启动子甲基化状态;实时荧光定量RT-PCR和Western Blot分别检测CDX2和DNMT1 mRNA和蛋白表达.结果:MKN45细胞株CDX2基因启动子区域高甲基化,CDX2 mRNA表达极低,蛋白不表达;经3种浓度5-aza-CdR处理MKN45细胞72 h后,细胞中CDX2 mRNA和蛋白表达均出现上调,而DNMT1表达出现下调.结论:CDX2基因表达下调与其启动子CpG岛高甲基化有关,DNMT1可能参与该过程的调节.     

DNA修复因子MGMT甲基化与子宫颈癌的相关性研究

目的 探讨O6-甲基鸟嘌呤- DNA甲基转移酶(O6 - methylguanine - DNA methyltransferase,MGMT)基因启动子区甲基化状态与子宫颈癌的相关关系.方法 采用甲基化特异性聚合酶链反应(methylation - specific PCR,MSP)分析子宫颈癌组织中MGMT基因启动子区甲基化状态,结合定量PCR( RT - PCR)检测MGMT mRNA表达情况行综合分析.结果 宫颈癌组织中MGMT基因启动子甲基化率达71.15％ (37/52),而非癌对照组织中均无甲基化.不同临床分期的宫颈癌组织MGMT甲基化率也各不相同(P＜0.01),组织分化程度越低,MGMT甲基化率越高(P＜0.05).37例甲基化的癌组织中有MGMTmRNA表达,不同临床分期和不同组织分化程度的MGMT mRNA表达量差异均有统计学显著性(P＜0.01).结论 DNA修复因子MGMT甲基化影响其mRNA的表达,可能与子宫颈癌的发生存在联系.     

雌激素受体在MCF-7乳腺癌细胞对他莫昔芬耐药中的作用

目的探讨雌激素受体(ER)在MCF-7乳腺癌细胞他莫昔芬耐药中的作用。方法建立ERα基因沉默的MCF-7细胞株(A组)和ERβ基因沉默的MCF-7细胞株(B组),以亲本MCF-7为阴性对照,MTT法检测MCF-7乳腺癌细胞对他莫昔芬的耐药性,RT-PCR检测耐药相关基因:多药耐药基因1(MDR1)、肺耐药相关蛋白(LRP)、π类谷胱甘肽S-转移酶(GST-π)等的表达水平,Western blotting检测耐药相关的蛋白激酶B(AKT)、细胞外调节蛋白激酶(ERK)等的表达水平。结果与亲本MCF-7细胞株(C组)对比,ERα基因沉默的MCF-7细胞株(A组)细胞株增强了他莫昔芬对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制率(P0.05),ERβ基因沉默的MCF-7细胞株(B组)细胞株降低了他莫昔芬对肿瘤细胞增殖的抑制率(t=8.23,48.36,78.57,P0.05)。与C组比较,A组耐药基因MDR1、LRP、GST-π的表达水平显著降低(P0.05),B组耐药基因MDR1、LRP、GST-π表达水平显著增加(P0.05)。与C组比较,A组能够显著抑制AKT及ERK的磷酸化,降低p-AKT及p-ERK的表达水平(P0.05),B组能够显著促进AKT及ERK的磷酸化,增加p-AKT及p-ERK的表达水平(P0.05)。结论雌激素受体在乳腺癌的耐药性中发挥重要作用,ERβ可能通过抑制相关耐药基因及蛋白表达从而降低了TAM的耐药性,ERβ可能成为肿瘤治疗的有效靶点。     

乳腺癌组织ABCG2基因启动子区甲基化状况与其表达

目的研究多药耐药基因ABCG2启动子区甲基化状态与其在乳腺癌组织中表达的关系，探讨ABCG2基因表达的表观遗传学机制。方法采用甲基化特异性PCR（Methylation specific PCR，MSP）检测15例乳腺癌组织及配对癌旁组织中ABCG2启动子区-359--353两特异位点的甲基化情况，并经MSP产物测序检测位点的甲基化状态；用Q—PCR检测ABCG2基因mRNA的表达水平；并应用统计学Spearman等级相关性方法分析二者的相关关系。结果15例乳腺癌组织中有13例（86．67％）ABCG2基因启动子区的特异位点存在高甲基化（P〈0．05），MSP产物的测序验证了特异位点的甲基化，并且mRNA表达水平相对增高，二者之间存在显著正相关性（Х^2=0．6842，P〈0．05）。结论ABCG2基因的启动子区-359～-353位点存在高甲基化，可促进该基因在乳腺癌组织中的表达。     

MGMT基因启动子甲基化与新疆维吾尔族子宫颈鳞癌相关性分析

目的 探讨MGMT基因启动子甲基化与新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞癌相关性及对基因mRNA表达的影响.方法 采用甲基化特异性PCR方法检测55例新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞癌组织和34例子宫颈正常组织MGMT基因启动子甲基化状况,用RT-PCR方法检测7例子宫颈鳞癌组织和7例子宫颈正常组织MGMT基因转录水平的表达.结果 55例新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞癌组织有18例发生了MGMT基因启动子甲基化,甲基化率为32.7%;34例子宫颈正常组织MGMT基因启动子未发生甲基化,两者比较差异有显著性.7例子宫颈鳞癌组织MGMT基因mRNA表达水平低于7例子宫颈正常组织.结论 MGMT基因启动子甲基化与新疆维吾尔族妇女子宫颈鳞癌发生相关.并能影响MGMT基因转录水平表达.     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.