同期行鼻腔手术对扁桃体切除和腭咽成形术后出血率的影响

目的 评估同期行鼻腔手术对扁桃体切除和腭咽成形术后出血率的影响。方法 回顾性调查分析2005年5月～2010年10月间,本院所有行扁桃体切除术和悬雍垂腭咽成形术并联合行鼻腔手术的患者的出血率。分析同期行鼻腔手术是否改变了扁桃体切除术和腭咽成型术患者术后的岀血率。结果 本组病例共1012例,其中204例同期行鼻腔手术。扁桃体切除术后出血共56例,发生率为5.5%。单纯行扁桃体切除术或行扁桃体切除术的悬雍垂腭咽成型术与同期行鼻腔手术的患者之间差异无统计学意义(分别为6.0%和3.9%;P=0.30)。结论 扁桃体切除术和悬雍垂腭咽成型术同期行鼻腔手术没有增加术后出血比率,可不必分期手术,患者仅需一次麻醉和一次术后恢复过程,而无增加术后出血的危险。     

咽腭弓肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术后创面的临床疗效

目的 对扁桃体等离子切除术的术式进行改进,分析咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子术创面对术后疗效的改善情况。 方法 对需行扁桃体等离子切除术患者进行随机分组。105例行常规扁桃体等离子切除术(大多数囊内切除),94例在扁桃体等离子切除后制作局部咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体窝创面。对两组患者的术后疼痛、创面反应及出血情况进行分类统计,分析比较应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣修复的临床效果。 结果 在术后第1至第7天,实验组与对照组患者间的疼痛程度、创面反应情况及出血并发症的发生均有差异。实验组不同层次疼痛程度的病例数明显少于对照组,术后创面反应观察中,实验组白膜脱落时间较对照组明显缩短,出血概率明显减低。 结论 应用咽腭肌黏膜瓣闭合扁桃体等离子切除后创面操作简便,可明显改善患者术后疼痛,促进创面愈合,减少创面术后出血概率。     

改良UPPP手术治疗小儿OSAHS的疗效观察

目的观察改良腭咽成型术治疗小儿睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征的临床疗效。方法 180例小儿睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者随机分为治疗组(n=90)和对照组(n=90),均行常规扁桃体切除术后,治疗组加行改良腭咽成形术,对照组则否。比较两组术后疗效及并发症情况。结果治疗组显效28例,有效60例,总有效率97.8%;对照组显效21例,有效56例,总有效率85.6%。治疗组无1例并发出血,对照组并发出血4例(4.44%),组间差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论改良腭咽成型术有利于扩大咽腔,避免术后原发性出血。     

扁桃体周围脓肿行扁桃体切除术的术后出血分析

目的　比较扁桃体周围脓肿患者采用两种不同治疗方法,再行扁桃体切除术的术后出血差异。方法　回顾性分析2009年9月~2019年9月福建医科大学第二临床医学院收治的579例扁桃体周围脓肿行全麻下扁桃体切除术治疗的患者,分为脓肿期手术（观察组）297例和常规择期手术（对照组）282例,比较两组患者扁桃体切除术后出血发生率及术后出血量情况。结果　相较于对照组,观察组患者手术有助于减少扁桃体切除术后原发性出血率,差异有统计学意义（χ2=6.59,P <0.05）,继发性出血率,差异无统计学意义χ2=0.26,P >0.05）。结论　扁桃体周围脓肿患者在脓肿期行扁桃体切除术可以有效减少扁桃体切除术后原发性出血概率。     

扁桃体术后封闭术腔的止血方法效果分析

目的 探讨扁桃体切除术后有效的止血方法.方法 总结我院2006年5月-2010年9月286例全麻下行扁桃体切除术患者的临床资料,所有患者均行扁桃体剥离术,其中男性182例,女性104例,年龄6-55岁,扁桃体切除后全层间断缝合法封闭扁桃体窝146例,棉球压迫止血45例,电凝止血95例.结果 全层间断缝合法封闭扁桃体窝术后24小时无一例出血,棉球压迫止血术后24小时出血6例,电凝止血术后24小时出血2例.结论 以全层间断缝合法封闭扁桃体窝对预防扁桃体切除术后出血效果较好,术后恢复更快,并对防止术腔感染、保持扁桃体窝的形态有积极意义.     

扁桃体术后严重出血2例

例1,男,40岁,因反复咽痛、发热10余天收住院,查体见咽黏膜慢性充血,双扁桃体充血,Ⅰ度大,无分泌物,入院诊断为慢性扁桃体炎,决定行双扁桃体剥离术.局麻时,每10ml利多卡因约加入副肾素6～7滴,按常规步骤手术,先行右侧剥离,右扁桃体取下后下极留有残根,出血,经压迫后出血未止,继行左侧手术,左扁桃体完整取下,无残留,但左扁桃体窝有渗血,经反复压迫止血,双扁桃体窝出血未止,即输血,遂行双侧前后腭弓缝扎术因患者不合作未成功,即行气管切开术,全身麻醉下行双侧前后腭弓缝扎术,双扁桃体窝内置纱球,出血停止,共输血1200ml.术后2d取除纱球,未再出血,术后1周患者痊愈出院.例2,女,16岁,因低热月余收入院.查体见咽黏膜及双扁桃体充血,双扁桃体Ⅱ度大,无分泌物.考虑患者发热与扁桃体炎症有关,诊为链球菌感染后状态,给予青霉素输液治疗,10余天后体温降至正常.于局麻下行双扁桃体剥离术,按常规步骤手术,在双扁桃体剥离至蒂部时用弯剪刀将扁桃体自蒂部剪下,检查双侧扁桃体窝创面无出血.患者回病房后不久即口吐鲜血,检查见双扁桃体窝创面渗血,经反复压迫出血未止,遂在局麻下行前后腭弓缝合术压迫止血,左侧扁桃体窝出血停止,用同法行右侧创面止血因患者不合作未成功,立即输血并在全身麻醉下为右扁桃体窝创面止血,检查见右扁桃体窝创面轻微渗血,右扁桃体窝下极有出血点,结扎出血点,缝合右侧前后腭弓,出血停止,共输血1200ml.术后4d拆除双侧咽侧缝线,2周后患者出院.     

3%电解质液对等离子刀切除扁桃体手术患者术后出血的影响

目的分析3%电解质液对等离子刀切除扁桃体手术的患者术后出血的影响。方法回顾性分析在我院2014年5月~2015年4月940例行低温等离子扁桃体切除手术的病人,随机分为治疗组和对照组各470例,对照组术中采用生理盐水为电解液行扁桃体切除术,治疗组采用3%高渗盐水为电解质溶液行扁桃体切除术。结果对照组470例,术后出血11例,出血发生率为2.34%。治疗组470例,术后出血4例,出血发生率为0.85%。     

探讨低温等离子技术在儿童OSAHS手术中的应用价值

目的探讨低温等离子技术在儿童OSAHS的临床应用疗效及并发症。方法选择2017年3月～2018年2月行手术治疗的89例OSAHS患儿,随机数字法分为观察组和对照组。观察组51例,用低温等离子刀行扁桃体切除术及腺样体消融术。对照组38例,行常规扁桃体切除术及腺样体切除术。对比观察两组患儿治疗有效率、手术持续时间、术中出血量,术后再出血率。结果观察组有效率为98.04%,对照组有效率为84.21%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.039),观察组有效率高于对照组。在手术时间、术中出血量等方面,低温等离子手术组均优于常规手术组。观察组无术后出血病例,再出血率为0.00%;对照组有4例术后出血,再出血率为10.53%,差异有统计学意义(P=0.030),观察组术后出血率低于对照组。结论低温等离子技术在儿童OSAHS手术中,具有疗效好、术中出血量少、手术时间短,术后再出血率低等优点,值得在临床中广泛推广应用。     

扁桃体部分切除术治疗儿童阻梗性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征86例

目的探讨扁桃体部分切除术治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSA)的疗效。方法回顾性分析172例接受手术治疗的OSA患儿病历资料,将患儿分为对照组(n=86)和观察组(n=86),对照组患儿使用扁桃体全部切除术,观察组患儿使用扁桃体部分切除术,对比治疗的效果。结果两组的术后原发性出血比例差异不具有统计学意义(χ~2=0.000,P0.999),对照组术后继发性出血的比例高于观察组(χ~2=4.317,P=0.038),观察组的伪膜脱落时间早于对照组(t=7.393,P0.001),对照组在术后1 d, 3 d的疼痛评分均高于观察组(t=5.376,8.881,P0.001),两组的复发率和感染率差异均无统计学意义(χ~2=0.506,0.256,P=0.613)。结论扁桃体部分切除术治疗儿童OSA患者,可改善术后继发性出血,降低术后的疼痛程度,促进术后恢复,可以作为常规扁桃体切除术的有效替代方案。     

手术结束前升高血压对减少低温等离子扁桃体切除术后出血的疗效观察

目的　比较手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔与常规检查扁桃体术腔两种方法对扁桃体切除术后出血的影响。方法　对我院2008年1月～2016年1月行全麻下低温 等离子扁桃体切除术的患者1069例,采用回顾性临床病例对照研究方法,分为手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔组546例（治疗组）与常规检查扁桃体术腔组523例（对照组）,比较两组的术后出血发生率、术后出血量等。结果　治疗组原发性出血6例,发生率1.10%,继发性出血9例,发生率1.65%。对照组原发性出血17例,发生率3.25%,继发性出血5例,发生率0.96%。扁桃体切除后手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔,可减低术后原发性出血概率,而与术后继发性出血无明显相关。结论　手术结束前升高血压检查扁桃体术腔能有效减少低温等离子扁桃体切除术后原发性出血发生概率。     

低温等离子辅助下儿童扁桃体全切除与部分切除的比较

目的 探讨应用低温等离子辅助下治疗儿童阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)时扁桃体全切除与部分切除的疗效比较。 方法 回顾性分析应用等离子技术手术治疗的4 311例儿童OSAHS患者病历资料。根据术式分为两组:A组358例,行低温等离子辅助下扁桃体全切除和腺样体切除术;B组3 953例,行低温等离子辅助下扁桃体切部分除和腺样体切除术,对比两组手术时间、术后疼痛程度、恢复正常进食的天数、术后继发性出血的发生率;随访1年,对比两组患者术前、术后睡眠打鼾及憋气症状评分以及复发率。 结果 B组手术时间(28.42±9.51)min、术后疼痛程度(2.67±0.75)分、恢复正常进食的天数(7.15±2.56)d、术后继发性出血的发生率(0.15%)均低于A组,差异有统计学意义(t=9.841,P<0.01;t=30.251,P<0.01;t=31.489,P<0.01; χ2=13.224,P<0.01)。两组患者术前、术后睡眠打鼾评分差异有统计学意义(A组χ2=570.251,P<0.01;B组χ2=6 767.566,P<0.001);憋气评分差异有统计学意义(A组χ2=622.465,P<0.01;B组χ2=6 293.219,P<0.001);两组患者组间比较,打鼾及憋气评分差异均无统计学意义(F=4.643,P=0.075;F=5.335,P=0.06)。两组患者复发率差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.009,P=0.925)。 结论 应用低温等离子治疗儿童OSAHS,行扁桃体部分切除术的疗效和全切相当,但并发症明显少于扁桃体全切除术。     

低温等离子刀对比双极电凝镊在扁桃体切除术中治疗效果观察

目的分析变应性鼻炎(AR)患者接受鼻腔冲洗治疗的临床疗效。方法将2019年6月~2020年8月作为研究时间段,选取期间我院接诊的78例AR患者,另将随机数字表法作为分组依据,将全部病例分为对照组(行常规治疗,纳入39例)、研究组(加用鼻腔冲洗治疗,纳入39例),对组间气道反应性、症状消失时间展开分析。结果(1)组间气道反应性指标在治疗前无明显差异,P>0.05;研究组共振频率(Fres)、中心气道阻力(R20)、气道总阻力(R5)在治疗后低于对照组,P<0.05;(2)研究组鼻塞、流涕、喷嚏、鼻痒消失时间均少于对照组,P<0.05。结论鼻腔冲洗对改善AR患者气道反应、临床症状均有明显效果,值得推广。     

Efficacy of pillar suture for post-tonsillectomy morbidity in children: a meta-analysis

IntroductionSeveral surgical techniques have been used during tonsillectomy to reduce complications.ObjectivesTo assess the effects of pillar suture in conjunction with tonsillectomy as compared to tonsillectomy without suture in children.MethodsTwo authors independently searched five databases (PubMed, SCOPUS, Embase, the Web of Science, and the Cochrane database) for studies published as recent as December 2018. Of the included studies, we compared tonsillectomy and pillar suture in combination (suture groups) with tonsillectomy alone,without suture, (control group). Postoperative pain intensity and other morbidities (e.g., postoperative bleeding, palatal hematoma, discomfort, and pillar edema) were measured during the postoperative period.ResultsPostoperative bleeding [primary (OR = 0.47 [0.27; 0.81]) and secondary (OR = 0.14 [0.02; 0.78]) were significantly decreased in the pillar suture group compared to the control group. There were no significant differences between the two groups in postoperative pain at day 7 (SMD = −0.39 [−0.79; 0.00]), palatal hematoma (OR = 5.00 [0.22; 112.88]), palatal discomfort sensation (OR = 2.62 [0.60; 11.46]), site infection (OR = 5.27 [0.24; 113.35]), and velopharyngeal insufficiency (OR = 2.82 [0.11; 74.51]). By contrast, pillar edema (OR = 9.55 [4.29; 21.29]) was significantly increased in the pillar suture group compared to the control group.ConclusionsPillar suture combined with tonsillectomy may reduce postoperative bleeding incidence despite increasing pillar edema in pediatric tonsillectomy. Postoperative pain-relief, palatal hematoma, palatal discomfort sensation, site infection, and velopharyngeal insufficiency were not significantly altered compared to tonsillectomy alone. However, further studies are needed to corroborate the results of this study.     

加速康复外科在下咽癌手术治疗中的应用研究

目的探讨加速康复外科(enhanced recovery after surgery,ERAS)在下咽癌外科治疗中的临床应用价值。方法回顾性分析山东大学齐鲁医院2015年1月至2019年1月期间收治并进行手术的168例原发于梨状窝的下咽癌患者的病例资料,其中男164例,女4例,年龄42~84岁。根据围手术期处理方式不同,分为ERAS处理组(64例)和传统处理组(104例),运用t检验、χ²检验或Fisher精确检验等统计学方法,比较2组患者术中及术后恢复情况,包括手术时长、术后营养状态、并发症发生率、术后住院时间等指标。结果与传统处理组相比,ERAS处理组患者的手术时长显著缩短,差异有统计学意义[(166.8±58.2)min比(183.3±39.9)min,t=-2.72,P=0.031],术后血清白蛋白水平[(38.3±4.2)μmol/L比(36.6±3.3)μmol/L]及体重[(65.4±9.4)kg比(62.1±9.4)kg]均明显提升,差异有统计学意义(t值为2.73、2.22,P值均<0.05),颈部切口皮下感染[7.8%(5/64)比20.2%(21/104)]及重症肺炎的发生率[4.7%(3/64)比15.4%(16/104)]显著下降,差异有统计学意义(χ²值分别为4.64、4.52,P值均<0.05),术后住院时间明显缩短,差异有统计学意义[(16.5±3.9)d比(18.2±4.3)d,t=-2.65,P<0.05]。结论在下咽癌手术治疗中应用ERAS能够通过缩短手术时间以减轻患者手术应激,改善患者术后营养状态,缩短住院时间并减少并发症的发生,促进患者快速康复。     

Argon plasma coagulation versus cold dissection tonsillectomy in adults: a clinical prospective randomized study

PURPOSE: Argon plasma coagulation (APC) is a new surgical procedure based on a conductive plasma of ionized argon between an activating electrode and a tissue surface. It is a good alternative for tonsillectomy because of its effective hemostasis and limited penetration depth of the coagulation beam. The aim of this prospective, randomized trial was to evaluate operative time, intraoperative bleeding, and postoperative morbidity of the "hot" APC tonsillectomy as with regard to with a traditional "cold" dissection tonsillectomy in adults. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred twenty six adult patients (age, >18 years) were randomized into 2 groups: TA (tonsillectomy with APC, n = 113) and TB (conventional tonsillectomy, n = 113). The outcome measures were (1) operative time; (2) intraoperative blood loss; (3) postoperative pain (evaluated using a Visual Analogue Scale with a range score 0-10 on postoperative days 1, 3, 5, 8, and 15); and (4) postoperative primary and secondary hemorrhage. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Student t test. RESULTS: In the TA group, the mean duration of operative time and the intraoperative blood loss were significantly reduced (P < .001). There was no statistically significant difference between 2 groups in the intensity of postoperative pain and the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Tonsillectomy with APC is a safe technique and offers an innovative procedure as with regard to the conventional cold dissection. It significantly reduces the operative time and the intraoperative blood loss without increasing the postoperative morbidity.     

低温等离子刀、超声刀及传统方式行扁桃体切除术的比较

目的 探讨运用低温等离子刀、超声刀及传统手术方式行扁桃体切除术的优、缺点,并对三种术式特点和应用价值进行评价。 方法 需行扁桃体切除术的患者117例,分为低温等离子刀组、超声刀组及传统组,每组各39例,记录双侧扁桃体切除术的手术时间和术中出血量、术后咽部疼痛、术后原发性及继发性出血等。 结果 等离子刀组、超声刀组的手术时间及术中出血量均较传统组降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);等离子刀组手术时间 ［(9.92±4.04)min］较超声刀组手术时间［(15.86±1.36)min］短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组术中出血量差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。等离子刀组、超声刀组分别与传统组在术后前3天的疼痛评分差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05),此后三组疼痛评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);等离子刀组较超声刀组术后疼痛轻,但是两者疼痛评分差异无统计学意义。等离子刀组与传统组各出现1例术后原发性出血的病例。等离子刀组1例、超声刀组1例、传统组2例出现继发性出血。三组伪膜开始脱落时间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。三组术后24 h咽部水肿评分差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),等离子刀组及超声刀组咽部水肿轻于传统组,但等离子刀组与传统组咽部水肿差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。 结论 低温等离子刀切除扁桃体是较为安全、有效的手术方法,但其费用相对较高。对于慢性扁桃体炎病程长且瘢痕粘连较重的患者,建议选用超声刀切除扁桃体。     

加速康复外科理念在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉手术治疗中的应用

目的 探讨加速康复外科(ERAS)在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉(CRSwNP)手术患者围手术期的应用效果。 方法 选取CRSwNP患者136例,随机分为ERAS组70例,对照组66例,两组均接受鼻内镜下鼻息肉切除加鼻窦开放手术,ERAS组患者行术前宣教、围手术期气道评估干预、缩短禁食时间、术中控制性低血压、按时镇痛等一系列优化措施;对照组行传统的围术期处理。比较两组术前肺功能异常可耐受手术率、术后疼痛评分、术后24 h鼻腔出血量、术后住院时间、总住院时间。 结果 ERAS组、对照组术前肺功能异常患者可耐受手术率分别为93.3%、75.0%,两组比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=1.924, P=0.165); ERAS组患者术后鼻部疼痛、鼻塞、头痛、眼部胀痛、流泪、耳闷和睡眠困难的VAS评分均低于对照组(P均<0.001); ERAS组术后24 h内出血量为5.7(3.0,10.3)mL,对照组为7.2(5.0,13.2)mL,两组比较差异无统计学意义(U=-0.913, P=0.361)。平均住院日ERAS组、对照组分别为(4.6±0.8)、(7.5±1.1)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=17.79, P<0.001);术后住院日ERAS组与对照组分别为(2.1±0.5)、(3.8±0.3)d,两组比较差异有统计学意义(t=23.94, P<0.001)。 结论 将ERAS理念贯穿于CRSwNP患者围手术期将有效减轻患者心理和生理的创伤应激反应,缩短住院时间。     

Coblation tonsillectomy versus dissection tonsillectomy: postoperative hemorrhage

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Coblation tonsillectomy is a recently introduced surgical technique. To measure its benefits against traditional tonsillectomy techniques, it is necessary to compare their complication rates. The study aims to identify differences in reactionary and secondary hemorrhage proportions, comparing coblation with dissection tonsillectomy. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational cohort study. METHODS: Rates of reactionary and delayed postoperative hemorrhage were measured, comparing 844 coblation tonsillectomies with a control group of 743 tonsillectomies performed by blunt dissection with bipolar diathermy hemostasis. RESULTS: The secondary hemorrhage rate with coblation-assisted tonsillectomy was 2.25% compared with 6.19% in the control group (P <.05). The rate of secondary hemorrhage in children following coblation tonsillectomy was 0.95% compared with 4.77% in the control group (P <.05). The difference was also significant (P <.05) in the adult population (4.40% vs. 8.81%, respectively). No difference was found in the reactionary hemorrhage proportions. CONCLUSION: In the study, coblation tonsillectomy was associated with a lesser incidence of delayed hemorrhage, more significantly in the pediatric population. The new technique using tissue coblation for tonsil dissection offers significant advantages in the postoperative period compared with dissection tonsillectomy with bipolar diathermy hemostasis. Coblation is associated with less postoperative pain and early return to daily activities. Also, there are fewer secondary infections of the tonsil bed and significantly lower rates of secondary hemorrhage with coblation. These results and the disposable nature of the coblation equipment promote coblation tonsillectomy as the authors' preferred dissection method.