EGFR-TKI治疗晚期非小细胞肺癌的临床疗效和安全性观察

目的 评价表皮生长因子受体酪氨酸激酶抑制剂（EGFR-TKI）对局部晚期或转移性非小细胞肺癌（NSCLC）患者临床疗效与安全性.方法 对经病理确诊的初治或经治的29例晚期NSCLC的患者,予吉非替尼250mg/d或厄洛替尼150mg/d 口服,至肿瘤进展或发生不可耐受的毒副作用.结果 29例患者的总有效率为48.3%,疾病控制率为72.4%,中位疾病进展时间为7.7个月;随访结束时11例患者死亡,死亡患者的中位生存期为8个月;主要的的毒副作用是皮疹和腹泻,均可耐受.结论 EGFR-TKI制剂治疗NSCLC,具有较好的疗效和耐受性.     

不同方式的睾丸切除术在进展期前列腺癌治疗中的疗效比较

目的比较保留附睾的睾丸切除术（A组）与传统睾丸切除术（B组）在进展期前列腺癌治疗中的疗效,探讨睾丸去势治疗的最佳选择方式。方法进展期前列腺癌60例,A、B组各30例。均在局麻下行单切口双侧睾丸切除术,术后第1天起口服非类固醇类雄激素阻断剂。分别于术前、术后1周及1、3、6、9、12个月,观察2组血清总睾酮、前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）变化;了解患者手术满意度等。结果去势术后12个月,A、B组血清睾酮平均水平分别为0．2nmol／L（95％置信区间0．1～0．9nmol／L）、0．3nmol／L（95％置信区间0．2～0．9nmol／L）,均〈1．9nmol／L,2组均数比较,P〉0．05;A组PSA平均值0．22ng／ml,B组0．27ng／ml,2组均数比较,P〉0．05。问卷调查示A组满意度为96．7％（29／30）,B组为53．3％（16／30）。结论2种睾丸切除术在进展期前列腺癌治疗中疗效无明显差异,但保留附睾的睾丸切除术、附睾成形术有助于满足患者的阴囊外观形态和心理需要。     

Comparison of the efficacy, safety and tolerability of telmisartan with losartan in Indian patients with mild to moderate hypertension: a pilot study

A prospective, randomised, double-blind, parallel group study was carried out to compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of telmisartan 40 mg once daily with losartan 50 mg once daily in Indian patients with mild to moderate hypertension. It had a placebo run-in period of 2 weeks followed by drug treatment (telmisartan 40 mg, once daily or losartan 50 mg once daily) for 8 weeks. Supine BP was assessed at the end of every 2 weeks. Tolerability and safety was assessed by physical examination, laboratory parameters and evaluation of adverse events. Treatment with telmisartan resulted in a significant reduction of SBP of 10.3% and 13.7% as compared to 6.6% and 10.6% in losartan group at the end of 6th and 8th weeks respectively. At the end of 6th and 8th weeks, the reduction was 14.3% and 18.1% among telmisartan which was significantly more as compared to 8.8% and 14.3% in losartan group respectively. The laboratory values were within normal limits. Both drugs were well tolerated. Telmisartan monotherapy in a dose of 40 mg once daily has a clinically better therapeutic effect as compared to losartan 50 mg and a good tolerability profile in patients with mild to moderate hypertension.     

新辅助化疗对晚期卵巢癌患者疗效及预后分析

目的 分析新辅助化疗对晚期上皮性卵巢癌患者新辅助化疗的治疗效果及预后分析。方法 回顾性分析菏泽市立医院2017年1月至2019年7月收治的上皮性卵巢癌患者60例,根据化疗方式的不同分为对照组（n=32）和治疗组（n=28）。对照组患者给予经腹卵巢肿瘤细胞减灭术+传统化疗,研究组患者术前予以新辅助化疗后行手术,比较两组患者的手术情况、肿瘤标志物、免疫指标、临床疗效及生存率。结果 研究组患者的手术时间、术后住院时间、术中腹水量、术中出血量少于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。治疗后,研究组患者的糖类抗原125（carbohydrate antigen 125,CA125）、癌胚抗原（carcinoembryonic antigen,CEA）、人附睾蛋白4（human epididymis protein 4,HE4）水平均显著低于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组治疗后CD3+、CD4+及CD4+/CD8+高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。研究组的总有效率为83.33%,高于对照组的56.67%,且EORTC QLQ–C30评分优于对照组,差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。两组治疗后1年生存率比较,差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;对照组的3年生存率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论 新辅助化疗对于晚期卵巢癌的临床疗效确切,可有效降低患者的肿瘤标志物水平,改善患者免疫功能,对患者生活质量及预后改善具有重要意义。     

索拉菲尼联合阿霉素治疗晚期胰腺癌的疗效评价

目的:探讨索拉菲尼联合阿霉素治疗晚期胰腺癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选取晚期胰腺癌患者53例,根据治疗方案不同分为单药组(n=26)和联合组(n=27)。单药组给予阿霉素60 mg/m2,静脉滴注,每21 d给药1次,总剂量360 mg/m2;联合组在单药组基础上口服索拉菲尼400 mg,2次/d,直至患者肿瘤进展或死亡。结果:联合组患者疾病控制率(DCR)为37.04%,显著高于对照组的11.54%(P<0.05)。联合组中位总生存期和中位无进展生存期分别为6.3个月、3.3个月,单药组分别为5.4个月、2.9个月,两组比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。联合组腹泻、白细胞减少发生率低于单药组,而皮疹发生率高于单药组(P<0.05)。结论:索拉菲尼联合阿霉素有助于延长晚期胰腺癌患者的总生存期和无进展生存期,且可耐受毒副反应。     

多西他赛联合卡铂治疗转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌的临床疗效

目的: 评估转移性去势抵抗性前列腺癌(metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, mCRPC)患者进行多西他赛联合卡铂治疗的近期疗效和安全性。方法: 选取 2017年5月至2019年7月在北京大学第一医院治疗的15例mCRPC患者为研究对象,中位年龄70岁(43~77岁),病理类型均为前列腺腺癌,影像学证实为全身转移,采用多西他赛联合卡铂的化疗方案,观察化疗4周期后前列腺特异性抗原(prostate-specific antigen, PSA)下降幅度、疼痛缓解率及不良反应发生情况,并进行数据分析。结果: 15例患者中,12例至少完成4个周期化疗并进行近期疗效评价,其中8例 PSA下降幅度>50%,有效率为66.7%;9例伴有骨痛的患者,疼痛数字评分法(numerical rating scales, NRS)平均分从4.7分下降至2.4分,有4例骨痛明显缓解,癌痛缓解率为44.4%;具有可测量转移病灶的4例患者中,达到部分缓解2例,疾病稳定1例,疾病进展1例;化疗的主要不良反应包括骨髓抑制、胃肠道反应、乏力、神经障碍等,大部分患者均在可耐受的范围。结论: 多西他赛联合卡铂治疗mCRPC具有良好的近期疗效,治疗过程中严重不良反应发生率较低,安全性较高,值得在临床上进一步推广和探索。     

A survey on the efficacy and tolerability of micronized fenofibrate in patients with dyslipidemia

Objective To demonstrate the clinical efficacy of micronized fenofibrate on mildly-moderately elevated LDL-C levels and reduced HDL-C levels. Methods During 1998-1999, 2358 patients with type Ⅱa, Ⅱb and Ⅳ hyperlipidemia were monitored in 16 cities in China. They were treated daily with micronized fenofibrate (micronized lipanthyl) 200 mg for 8 weeks. Lipid levels before and after the treatment were measured and analyzed. Results Micronized fenofibrate significantly increased HDL-C levels by 12.7%, the effect being inversely correlated to the baseline level of HDL-C. Out of the total patient population, a baseline level of HDL-C &lt;1.0 mmol/L was found in 837 patients: amongst this group, 510 patients (60.9%) were observed to have an increase in the level of HDL-C to &gt;1.0 mmol/L with a mean of 1.3 mmol/L, after 8-week micronized fenofibrate therapy. Furthermore, the mean LDL-C level decreased by 15.9% following an 8-week treatment of micronized fenofibrate, an effect positively correlated to the baseline level of LDL. In general, all patients tolerated the drug comfortably. Conclusions Short-term treatment of micronized fenofibrate in patients with dyslipidemia significantly increases HDL-C level and reduces mildly-moderately elevated LDL-C level. As expected, it also reduces triglyceride levels.     

PSAD在调强适形放疗联合激素治疗晚期前列腺癌疗效评估中的意义

目的 探讨前列腺特异性抗原密度(prostate specific antigen density,PSAD)在调强适形放疗(intensity modulated conformal radiotherapy,IMRT)联合激素治疗晚期前列腺癌疗效评估中的意义.方法 选取本院2007年1月至2009年10月间收治的39例晚期前列腺癌患者,在常规激素治疗基础上行IMRT.监测患者治疗前后PSAD水平,同时随访患者肿瘤的复发和转移情况.结果 与治疗前相比较,37例患者PSAD显著下降(P＜0.001),在治疗后3个月左右接近正常水平;在PSAD下降的患者中有9例PSAD值24个月内又有升高,其中7例经穿刺活检证实肿瘤复发或影像学检查显示新发转移灶.PSAD对患者复发和转移的敏感度为87.50％,明显高于TPSA的30.77％,两者比较有统计学意义(P=0.04).结论 IMRT联合激素治疗是晚期前列腺癌的有效治疗方式,PSAD可作为评定与监测疗效的敏感指标.     

信迪利单抗、贝伐珠单抗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术在中晚期肝癌患者中的临床应用

目的 探究信迪利单抗、贝伐珠单抗联合肝动脉化疗栓塞术(TACE)治疗中晚期肝癌患者的临床疗效。方法 选取2018年12月—2019年12月庆阳市中医医院收治的中晚期肝癌患者84例,采用随机数字表法分为研究组和对照组,每组42例。所有受试者接受TACE治疗,对照组采用贝伐珠单抗治疗,研究组在对照组基础上联合信迪利单抗治疗。治疗3个月后,评估两组临床疗效、肿瘤标志物[甲胎蛋白(AFP)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原199(CA199)]、免疫指标[CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、自然杀伤细胞(NK)]及药物不良反应。随访3年,记录患者无进展生存期(PFS)和总生存期(OS)。结果 研究组客观缓解率为83.33%,高于对照组的61.90%(P <0.05)。研究组、对照组疾病控制率分别为92.86%和85.71%,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组治疗前后AFP、CEA、CA199、CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、NK的差值均高于对照组(P <...     

甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗进展期慢性粒细胞白血病临床疗效观察

目的:观察甲磺酸伊马替尼治疗慢性粒细胞白血病进展期患者的临床疗效。方法:选择31例慢性粒细胞白血病进展期患者,分为伊马替尼治疗组(治疗组12例)和对照组(19例),分别给予甲磺酸伊马替尼和联合化疗治疗,观察并比较2组间血液学有效率及不良反应耐受性等指标的变化。结果:治疗组总的血液学有效率为41.7%,对照组总的血液学有效率为5.3%,2组间比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗组患者药物不良反应发生率较对照组轻且容易耐受。结论:甲磺酸伊马替尼对进展期慢性粒细胞白血病患者有较好的疗效,且毒副反应轻,病人耐受性好。     

美施康定对晚期癌症镇痛效果的临床观察

目的 研究美施康定对晚期癌症的镇痛效果及副作用。方法 对71例晚期癌症患者，使用美施康定进行长期随访研究，观察对癌症患者中、重度疼痛的镇痛效果，药物的初次剂量和最大剂量、增加剂量的分布及副作用。结果 美施康定每12小时服用一次即可有效地控制中度以上的疼痛，约48．8％的患者无需增加初次剂量，副作用较轻。结论 美施康定对晚期癌症疼痛具有较好的镇痛效果。     

临床药师参与镇痛药物治疗对晚期肿瘤患者疼痛疗效的影响

目的：探讨临床药师参与镇痛药物治疗工作后,对晚期肿瘤患者疼痛治疗效果的影响。方法：收集重度癌痛患者30例,比较临床药师参与止痛治疗3周前后的治疗效果、不良反应及治疗成本间的差异,并进行成本效益分析。结果：药师参与癌痛治疗前后最严重最痛时评分分别为8.27、6.47,差异比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;爆发痛次数分别为4.63、2.96,差异比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）、服药后止痛药物持续起效时间（NRS≤4）分别为4.58、8.46,差异比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;总缓解率分别为：46.67%、86.67%,差异比较有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;在不良反应方面比较没有差异;治疗成本方面药师参与后费用较参与前高,但成本效益分析发现,药师参与后患者获益率较高。结论：临床药师在参与晚期肿瘤患者的疼痛治疗后,在不良反应没有增加的情况下,患者的止痛效果明显提高,临床获益率提高。     

老年进展期胃癌病人腹腔镜手术方式的近期疗效对比

目的分析老年进展期胃癌病人行全腹腔镜与腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术的临床效果及安全性,为老年胃癌病人的手术治疗提供依据。方法选取54例老年进展期胃癌病人,随机数字法分为全腹腔镜胃癌根治术组24例和腹腔镜辅助胃癌根治术组30例,比较2组病人的术中出血量、淋巴结清扫数量、术后疼痛评分、术后排气时间、术后进食时间、术后住院时间、术后并发症发生率、术后C-反应蛋白、CD4/CD8及病人满意度。结果全腹腔镜组在术后疼痛评分、排气时间、术后住院时间较腹腔镜辅助组有统计学差异（P < 0.01）,CRP在术后3 d、7 d明显低于腹腔镜辅助组（P < 0.01）,CD4/CD8在术后1 d、7 d明显高于腹腔镜辅助组（P < 0.01和P < 0.05）;全腹腔镜组术后1 d明显高于术前（P < 0.01）。结论对于老年进展期胃癌病人,全腹腔镜胃癌根治术有较明显的近期疗效优势。     

前列腺癌患者前列腺癌基因3的表达

目的评价前列腺癌基因3（PCA3）在前列腺癌诊断中的临床应用价值。方法选取我院2009年11月~2010年11月收治的30例前列腺癌（前列腺癌组）、22例前列腺增生（前列腺增生组）患者及12例健康男性（对照组）,采用逆转录聚合酶链式反应方法检测其外周血中PCA3 mRNA表达情况。结果对照组及前列腺增生组外周血标本中未见PCA3 mRNA阳性表达,而前列腺癌组患者外周血标本中PCA3 mRNA阳性率为99.3%（28/30）,差异有高度统计学意义（χ2=65.283,P〈0.01）。结论前列腺癌中PCA3 mRNA有明显组织特异性的阳性表达,有望成为前列腺癌诊断的新肿瘤标志物。     

联合抗阻-有氧运动对晚期前列腺癌伴癌因性疲乏患者血清炎症因子水平的影响及疗效观察

目的:探讨联合抗阻-有氧运动对晚期前列腺癌伴癌因性疲乏(CRF)患者血清炎症因子水平的影响及疗效观察。方法:选取2016年1月至2020年8月浙江省台州医院泌尿外科门诊就诊的晚期前列腺癌伴CRF患者74例,随机分为干预组和对照组各37例。对照组予以有氧运动治疗,干预组在对照组基础上加抗阻运动,两组均治疗12周。观察两组治疗前后血清超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)水平及CRF症状的变化,并比较临床疗效。结果:治疗12周后,对照组和干预组血清hs-CRP、IL-6水平较治疗前显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干预组低于对照组(P<0.05);对照组和干预组各项PFS评分较前显著下降(P<0.05或P<0.01),且干预组低于对照组(P<0.05);同时干预组临床总有效率(94.59%)高于对照组(78.38%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:联合抗阻-有氧运动用于晚期前列腺癌伴CRF患者的疗效确切,可改善CRF症状,其作用机制可能与其能降低血清炎症因子水平密切相关。     

Comparative evaluation of the efficacy, safety, and tolerability of rosuvastatin 10 mg with atorvastatin 10 mg in adult patients with hypercholesterolaemia: the first Indian study

To compare the efficacy, safety and tolerability of rosuvastatin 10mg with atorvastatin 10 mg in adult Indian patients with hypercholesterolaemia, a prospective, open-label, comparative, phase III study was conducted. A total of 45 patients of either sex, between 18 and 80 years of age with hypercholesterolaemia, having LDL cholesterol (LDL-C) of 160 and < 250 mg/dl and triglyceride < 400 mg/dl, were included in this trial. After a dietary run-in period of 2 weeks, patients received either rosuvastatin 10 mg once daily or atorvastatin 10 mg once daily, for 6 weeks. The fall in the mean LDL-C levels after 6 weeks of treatment in rosuvastatin group (40.1%) was significantly more as compared to the fall in atorvastatin group (29.8%). Other secondary lipid parameters like total cholesterol (TC), HDL cholesterol (HDL-C), triglycerides, apo-B, apo-AI, and TC/HDL-C ratio also showed more beneficial changes from the baseline in rosuvastatin group than in atorvastatin group. Rosuvastatin 10 mg shows significantly better efficacy than atorvastatin 10 mg in reducing LDL-C levels and produces greater improvements in other elements of the lipid profile.     

新辅助化疗治疗进展期食管癌的近期疗效及安全性评估

目的：观察新辅助化疗治疗进展期食管癌患者的近期疗效及不良反应。方法选择2014年2月至2015年4月在我院放疗科治疗的96例进展期食管癌患者,依据简单数字随机表法将患者分为观察组和对照组,每组各48例,观察组患者实施基于铂类药物的综合性化疗联合放疗,而对照组患者予以单纯的放疗。随访1年,比较两组患者的近期疗效、生存率、治疗后的不良反应,以及治疗前后的免疫功能指标(T淋巴细胞亚群CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD3+/CD8+)。结果随访1年,观察组患者的局部复发率为8.33%(4/48),远处转移率为14.58%(7/48),均低于对照组的22.92%(11/48)和33.33%(16/48),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者6个月的生存率为83.33%(40/48),12个月的生存率为75.00%(36/48),均高于对照组的64.58%(31/48)和50.00%(24/48),差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者治疗后的不良反应总发生率为20.83%(10/48),与对照组的18.75%(9/48)比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);治疗前后,两组患者的CD3+、CD4+、CD8+及CD3+/CD8+水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),但治疗后观察组与对照组患者的CD3+、CD4+及CD3+/CD8+水平均明显低于治疗前,CD8+明显高于治疗前,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论新辅助化疗联合放疗有利于提升进展期食管癌患者的临床近期疗效,同时不会增加不良反应,安全性较好,值得推广应用。     

人参皂甙Rg3与化疗联合治疗晚期乳腺癌的临床观察

目的研究人参皂甙Rg3与化疗联合治疗晚期乳腺癌的疗效及安全性。方法治疗失败晚期乳腺癌患者40例,化疗方案均未紫杉醇＋卡铂/顺铂,至少化疗2～3个周期,其中紫杉醇的剂量为135-175mg/m2,卡铂按Auc5计算,顺铂按50 mg/m2一次给药或分次给药,同时口服参一胶囊,用法为每日2次,每次20mg,56d为一疗程,口服2疗程以上。结果治疗组获益为90%,与对照组相比,效果显著,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。治疗组中恶心、呕吐及白细胞下降,均明显好于对照组,且P〈0.05,具有统计学意义。结论人参皂甙Rg3与化疗联合治疗晚期乳腺癌了提高疗效,且降低化疗毒性反应。     

Evaluation of efficacy,safety and tolerability of valdecoxib in osteo-arthritis patients--an Indian study

Valdecoxib, a COX-2 inhibitor, has been introduced as a new treatment for osteo-arthritis (OA). The present study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerability of valdecoxib, in OA patients in an Indian setting. The present 4-week study was a prospective, non-comparative, assessor blind, single group, multicentric trial with OA patients treated with valdecoxib, 10 mg once a day. Efficacy was assessed by analysing the changes in Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC), visual analogue scale (VAS), patient's and physician's global assessment of arthritis. The incidence of adverse events was monitored throughout the study. There was a clinical and statistical significant improvement in the mean pain score, stiffness score, physical function, composite WOMAC index score and VAS (p<0.05). Patient's and physician's global evaluation of valdecoxib treatment was very good to good in 84.1% and 83.6% of cases respectively. The present study has shown that valdecoxib, in a dose of 10 mg/day given over 4 weeks, is an effective and safe treatment for the signs and symptoms of OA of hip and knee joints.     

The efficacy and tolerability of lamotrigine adjunctive/ monotherapy in patients with partial seizures refractory to poly-AEDs

Objective: This study was designed as an open-label trial to assess the effects of changing the antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) regi-men to lamotrigine (LTG) as adjunctive/monotherapy in patients with partial seizures who were dissatisfied with their drug regimen because of intractable seizures. Methods: The patients were recruited from multicenters using the following criteria: age≥18 years; at least 3 seizures per month during the last 16 weeks; previous use of at least 3 AEDs. The study involved a baseline phase and 2 experimental phases: LTG was first added to the regimen, and then patients could gradually change to LTG monotherapy if their seizures were reduced by at least 50 percent/month. Tolerability, the primary end point, was assessed using the Liverpool Adverse Experience Profile (LAEP). Secondary end points included quality of life, as measured with the Quality of Life in Epilepsy-31 inven-tory. Reductions in seizures from baseline throughout each phase were also analyzed. Results: One hundred and fourteen patients aged between 18 and 52 years (age 27.8±13.2 years; 71 men and 43 women) were enrolled. After adding LTG, 105 patients (92.11%) completed adjunctive therapy. Upon completion of the adjunctive phase, mean improvement from baseline was 2.6 points on the LAEP (p=0.037). The overall score on the QOLIE-31 improved by 8.49 points from baseline (p=0.023). At the end of the trial, 26 (22.81%) of patients completed LTG monotherapy, and 65 patients (57.02%) experienced at least 50% reduction in seizure frequency compared to baseline, The mean improvement from baseline was 5.1 points on the LAEP (p=0.0059), and the overall score on the QOLIE-31 score improved by 12.72 points from baseline(p=0.0071). Twenty-two (19.30%) patients reported adverse effects and 9 patients discontinued participation in the trial because of adverse effects. Conclusion: For patients with partial seizures who were dissatisfied with their AED regimen because of intractable seizures, adding LTG to the drug regimen was well tolerated and effective in improving the quality of life and controlling seizures. Furthermore, switching to LTG monotherapy was associated with further improvement.