无框架脑立体定向手术1434例临床分析

目的应用自行研制的无框架脑立体定向仪（CAS—R-2型）取代传统立体定向仪,实施脑立体定向手术。评价此系统的临床实用性、操作精确性和手术安全性。方法回顾性分析1997年1月至2006年1月,我们应用CAS—R-2型机器人系统,临床实施无框架脑立体定向手术1434例患者的临床资料。术后随访3—48个月（平均24个月）,观察定位精度及症状改善情况。结果临床成功完成无框架脑立体定向手术。定位操作均一次性完成,无相关手术并发症,手术有效率93．3％。结论此方法与前期普通立体定向手术比较,具有减轻患者痛苦、扩大手术范围、方便术者操作、提高手术安全性等优点。     

遥操作脑立体定向手术的临床初步应用

目的 评价应用CAS-R-5远程立体定向机器人系统,实施遥操作脑立体定向手术的临床实用性、操作精确性和手术安全性.方法 回顾性分析2005年9月至2006年9月,我们应用CASR-5型机器人系统实施遥操作无框架脑立体定向手术32例.遥操作是专家在北京通过数字专线,控制位于远在1300千米以外的延安机器人,对患者实行手术.术后随访3～14个月(平均12个月),观察定位精度及症状改善情况.结果 临床成功完成无框架定向脑手术32例,定位操作均一次性完成,远程定位精度是(1.50±0.32)mm,无手术相关并发症.结论 本结果提示无框架立体定向遥操作治疗和诊断颅内病变是安全可行的.     

脑内小病灶立体定向显微开颅切除术

目的总结立体定向指导下小骨瓣开颅脑内小病灶切除术的经验。方法全部病例均采用驹井式CT脑立体定向仪引导对30例脑内小病灶进行切除。结果30例脑内小病灶立体定向导引切除均得到满意的临床效果,无任何重大并发症,无死亡病例。结论立体定向显微神经外科手术切除颅内病变具有定位精确、损伤小,临床效果明显优于传统开颅,是一种安全和有效的微创手术方法。     

腹腔镜与内镜联合治疗在胃肠道疾病中的应用及价值(附48例报告)

目的:介绍腹腔镜与内镜在术中联合应用治疗胃肠道疾病的方法,探讨内镜在腹腔镜胃肠道手术中的定位作用及其价值.方法:回顾性分析经腹腔镜与内镜联合行胃肠道手术48例患者的临床资料.结果:48例患者均顺利完成手术,无中转开腹情况,术中均定位准确,未出现与内镜操作有关的并发症.术后无吻合口瘘、切口感染或腹腔内感染等并发症.结论:腹腔镜联合术中内镜可优势互补,提高腹腔镜手术中对胃肠道病变定位的准确率及手术的成功率,大大低开腹率.     

全息影像腹腔镜融合技术在肾内型肿瘤切除术中的应用

目的:探索全息影像用于腹腔镜手术术中定位病变以及辅助手术医生决策的方法、可行性和准确性。方法:选取5例因肾内型肿瘤行腹腔镜肾部分切除术的患者,术前将患者肾脏增强CT数据导出并进行全息影像的重建和分析,将重建后的影像导入全息影像腹腔镜手术融合平台中。结果:患者A腹腔镜手术中,肉眼初步确定可疑的肿瘤位置,使用术中超声验证肿瘤位置;随后将重建影像与腹腔镜影像校准融合后,重建影像中的肿瘤位置与肉眼及超声所见病变位置一致。患者B、D术中先用重建影像定位病变所在位置,随后使用术中超声探查见病变位置与先前定位一致。患者C的术中校准融合重建影像后,重建影像中病变位置与肉眼所见位置一致。在患者E的手术中通过该平台进行远程调节和校准重建影像,实现了基于该平台的术中实时远程会诊。以上5例手术均在腹腔镜下完成,未出现并发症,术后病理肿瘤切除完整,外科切缘均阴性。结论:基于CT影像的全息影像腹腔镜融合技术,可用于术中深部病变的寻找和定位,该影像所提示的肿瘤位置,与肉眼及术中超声所定位的位置吻合。该技术可在腹腔镜手术中增强术者对于病变位置和周围毗邻的认知,并为术者进行决策提供直观的参考。     

机器人辅助腹腔镜活体供肾切取术(附2例报告)

目的:探讨机器人辅助腹腔镜活体供肾切取术的安全性和可行性。方法:对2例亲属活体供肾者行机器人辅助腹腔镜活体供肾切取术。结果:术前机器人定位时间28min,平均手术时间80min,出血约50ml,热缺血时间3min。开放血流后,2例移植肾脏均在1 min内开始分泌尿液。2例受者术后1周内血肌酐均降至正常,无手术并发症,无排斥反应。2例供者术后复查肾功能正常,住院5~6d,无手术并发症。结论:机器人精细的解剖分离和高效的止血提高了术者手术技巧,机器人辅助腹腔镜活体供肾切取术安全可行。     

极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的手术治疗

目的总结极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症的手术方法和疗效。方法采用经椎旁肌间隙入路或改良经椎板间隙法入路,有限开窗,腰椎间盘摘除。结果37例病人,随访36个月~6a,83.8%的病人疗效满意。结论极外侧型腰椎间盘突出症具有特殊的临床特征,薄层高分辨CT是诊断本症的最好方法。手术入路应依据突出间盘组织的占位、病理类型、是否合并椎管内病变及术者对各种手术入路的熟练程度而定。早期手术,术中准确定位,微创操作及术后引流可提高手术疗效。     

等离子刀腹腔镜手术治疗卵巢良性病变252例临床分析

目的:探讨卵巢良性病变行等离子刀腹腔镜手术治疗的有效性及可行性。方法:回顾分析2006年10月至2009年10月为252例卵巢良性病变患者行腹腔镜手术的临床资料。结果:246例成功完成腹腔镜手术,成功率97.6%,手术时间30～120min,平均60min;术中出血10～60ml,平均18ml,住院3～5d。无并发症发生。结论:术者若具备熟练的腹腔镜操作技术,熟知器械性能,为卵巢良性病变患者行腹腔镜手术安全可行。     

丘脑肿瘤的显微手术治疗

目的：复习和研究丘脑肿瘤的外科治疗效果。方法：本组均采用显微外科手术治疗。结果：显效１７例，改善５例，无变化２例，加重２例，无手术死亡。结论：丘脑肿瘤位于脑的深部，手术切除困难，其外科治疗颇有争议，但如应用显微外科技术和激光、ＣＵＳＡ等手术器械以及术者耐心细致的手术操作，术后再辅以必要的放疗、化疗、免疫治疗等综合性措施，可望获得满意的疗效。     

肝脏微小占位病变的术中定位

肝脏微小占位病变是指直径≤2cm的肝脏占位性病变。对于微小占位肝癌，手术切除是惟一可能获得治愈的方法。对于这类肝脏微小占位病变如何进行手术定位，则是手术成功的关键。通常术中探查依靠术者肉眼观察和手法触摸来判定与发现病灶，但鉴于该类病变病灶较小，尤其是对于位于肝实质内的病变，为避免术中“扑空或遗漏”，术中必须十分重视对病灶进行准确的定位。     

Three-dimensional angiography for radiosurgical treatment planning for arteriovenous malformations

OBJECT: Radiosurgical treatment of a cerebral arteriovenous malformation (AVM) requires the precise definition of the nidus of the lesion in stereotactic space. This cannot be accomplished using simple stereotactic angiography. but requires a combination of stereotactic biplanar angiographic images and stereotactic contrast-enhanced computerized tomography (CT) scans. In the present study the authors describe a method in which three-dimensional (3D) rotational angiography is integrated into stereotactic space to aid treatment planning for radiosurgery. METHODS: Twenty patients harboring AVMs underwent treatment planning prior to linear accelerator radiosurgery. Planning involved the acquisition of two different data sets, one of which was obtained using the standard method (a combination of biplanar stereotactic angiography with stereotactic CT scanning), and the other, which was procured using a new technique (nonstereotactic 3D rotational angiography combined with stereotactic CT scanning by a procedure of image fusion). The treatment plan that was developed using the new method was compared with that developed using the standard one. For each patient the number of isocenters and the dimension of selected collimators were the same, based on the information supplied in both methods. Target coordinates were modified in only five cases and by a limited amount (mean 0.7 mm, range 0.3-1 mm). CONCLUSIONS: The new imaging modality offers an easier and more immediate interpretation of 3D data, while maintaining the same accuracy in target definition as that provided by the standard technique. Moreover, the new method has the advantage of using nonstereotactic 3D angiography, which can be performed at a different site and a different time with respect to the irradiation procedure.     

Presurgical contribution of quantitative stereotactic positron emission tomography in temporo limbic epilepsy

BACKGROUND: We quantified the interictal metabolic changes associated with temporal lobe epilepsy by using an accurate stereotactic method. METHODS: We selected 16 patients who had proven unilateral focal or regional temporal onset defined by SEEG criteria. Each patient underwent stereotactic MRI and stereotactic [18 fluoro] fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (PET). RESULTS: Asymmetries (mean, +/- SD) were found in mesio-temporal structures: amygdala (-0.033+/-0.027, p = 0.0002), hippocampus (-0.035+/-0.032, p = 0.0006), and superior temporal gyrus (-0.036+/-0.032, p = 0.0004). Four of the sixteen patients had previously had unlocalized qualitative nonstereotactic PET analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The quantitative stereotactical PET method allows a higher resolution study of mesio-temporal structures.     

Single-step ultrasound localization of breast lesions and lumpectomy procedure

BACKGROUND: This review was made to evaluate whether the efficiencies of intraoperative ultrasound-guided localization could be extended to stereotactic biopsy cases by using a marker visible by sonography and mammography. METHODS: A retrospective review identified 170 stereotactic directional vacuum-assisted biopsy (DVAB) procedures marked with an ultrasound-visible marker. Localization device, imaging method, lesion retrieval, and margin status were assessed for patients having subsequent lumpectomy or wider excision. RESULTS: Nineteen of 170 patients underwent lumpectomies (12) or wider excision (7) localized by a radiofrequency device or 18G needle up to 7 weeks after stereotactic biopsy. In 15 of 19 procedures, an ultrasound-guided localization was performed intraoperatively, targeting the marker. All targeted lesions were successfully excised. In the 13 malignant lesions (of 19 surgeries), only 1 had a positive margin (8%). CONCLUSIONS: Marking stereotactic biopsies with a sonographically visible marker allows ultrasound-guided intraoperative localization, improving efficiencies for the patient, surgeon, and operating room schedule.     

Stereotactic surgery: what is past is prologue

Two old and simple simple concepts, a three-dimensional positioning stage and a coordinate system, were combined in 1906 to create a new one: the stereotactic method. For 25 years, it found little application until it was rediscovered for investigations in small animals. After the first human subcortical stereotactic procedure was performed in 1947, stereotactic methods found greatest application in the placement of subcortical lesions in the treatment of movement disorders. Rapid advances in the development of instrumentation, methods, and understanding of human neuroanatomy and neurophysiology resulted. However, a dormant period followed the introduction of L-dopa in 1968. The advent of computer-based medical imaging applied to the stereotactic method encouraged adaptation of stereotactic methods to the management of intracranial tumors, the rapid development of new surgical hardware, and the rediscovery of old methods and evolution of new ones for the treatment of movement disorders. In addition, the incorporation of computer systems as stereotactic surgical instruments further increased the capabilities of stereotactic methods. Radiosurgical applications increased with the proliferation of gamma units and the development of linear accelerator-based radiosurgical methods. Computers are used to fuse and reformat imaging databases for surgical planning, simulation, and frameless stereotactic intraoperative guidance. As a result, surgical procedures have become more effective in meeting preoperative goals and less invasive. Low-cost, high-speed, microprocessor-based workstation computers and intuitive user interfaces have increased the acceptance into mainstream neurosurgery. It is anticipated that a significant portion of neurosurgery, and probably most surgical procedures in general, will comprise computer-based interventions guided by volumetric imaging-defined data sets acquired preoperatively or by intraoperative imaging systems. The stereotactic surgery of the future may employ all or a combination of the following technologies: frameless stereotactic surgery, robotic technology, microrobotic dexterity enhancement, and telepresence robotics.     

Surgical management for supratentorial astrocytic tumors.

To compare the surgical treatment of supratentorial astrocytic tumors, various methods were performed by the same surgeon. Removal of the tumor was performed using stereotactic open surgery, the fluorescein surgical microscope, and a frameless stereotactic system, and these methods were compared. The method using the stereotactic technique was useful because there was no disturbance by the shifting of the brain during the operation. However, its limitation was that only points can be marked. The fluorescein surgical microscope was very useful in the cases where neuroradiological images were enhanced by the contrast medium, but deep lesions could not be identified from the brain surface. This method could not be used, either, in the case of images that were not enhanced. By the method using the frameless stereotactic system, identification of tumors including deep lesions was possible from every direction, but the problems were the mobility of the registered skin and the shifting of the brain during the operation. On the basis of these results, the combined method of the fluorescein surgical microscope and the frameless stereotactic system appeared to be useful when neuroradiological images of lesions were enhanced because these methods were complementary towards each other, and the frameless stereotactic system supplemented by the stereotactic open surgery technique (such as leaving a marker in deep lesions just before the start of microsurgery) seemed useful when images could not be enhanced.     

MRI导向立体定向活检手术在颅内疑难病例诊断中的应用

目的 探讨MRI导向立体定向活检手术的准确性及其在颅内疑难病例诊断中的应用价值。方法 安装CRW立体定向框架,采用MRI容积扫描与多层重建技术,对26例临床表现不典型或CT扫描不能发现明确病灶的患者施行立体定向脑活检手术。结果 26例患者均未出现因活检手术而造成的出血、偏瘫等严重并发症。所有患者均得到明确的病理诊断及相应的治疗。结论 MRI导向立体定向活检手术在准确性上明显优于CT导向活检手术;对于颅内疑难病例的诊断,也是一种有效的手段。     

胰腺癌立体定向放射治疗的临床疗效

目的 探讨立体定向放射治疗胰腺癌的近期疗效.方法 :对我院采用立体定向放射治疗107例胰腺癌患者的临床资料及随访情况进行回顾分析.结果 :治疗后症状缓解86例(86/95),107例患者中95例有疼痛或黄疸症状,2~3个月CT复查93例,肿瘤消失8例(占8.6%),肿瘤缩小34例(占36.5%),肿瘤稳定38例(占40.8%),肿瘤较治疗前增大13例(占13.9%).血液肿瘤标记物CEA、CA19-9较治疗前降低.治疗过程中胃肠道反应发生率达29.5%.生存时间1年以上有31例(31/46,67.4%).结论 :胰腺癌的立体定向放射治疗近期疗效显著,是一种安全、可靠的治疗方法.     

Frameless image-guided stereotactic brain biopsy procedure: diagnostic yield, surgical morbidity, and comparison with the frame-based technique

OBJECT: The gold standard for stereotactic brain biopsy target localization has been frame-based stereotaxy. Recently, frameless stereotactic techniques have become increasingly utilized. Few authors have evaluated this procedure, analyzed preoperative predictors of diagnostic yield, or explored the differences in diagnostic yield and morbidity rate between the frameless and frame-based techniques. METHODS: A consecutive series of 110 frameless and 160 frame-based image-guided stereotactic biopsy procedures was reviewed. Associated variables for both techniques were reviewed and compared. All stereotactic biopsy procedures were included in a risk factor analysis of nondiagnostic biopsy sampling. Frameless stereotaxy led to a diagnostic yield of 89%, with a total permanent morbidity rate of 6% and a mortality rate of 1%. Larger lesions were fivefold more likely to yield diagnostic tissues. Deep-seated lesions were 2.7-fold less likely to yield diagnostic tissues compared with cortical lesions. Frameless compared with frame-based stereotactic biopsy procedures showed no significant differences in diagnostic yield or transient or permanent morbidity. For cortical lesions, more than one needle trajectory was required more frequently to obtain diagnostic tissues with frame-based as opposed to frameless stereotaxy, although this factor was not associated with morbidity. CONCLUSIONS: With regard to diagnostic yield and complication rate, the frameless stereotactic biopsy procedure was found to be comparable to or better than the frame-based method. Smaller and deep-seated lesions together were risk factors for a nondiagnostic tissue yield. Frameless stereotaxy may represent a more efficient means of obtaining biopsy specimens of cortical lesions but is otherwise similar to the frame-based technique.