胃肠道肿瘤患者血清铁调素、细菌脂多糖、白细胞介素6和铁蛋白表达特点及其与贫血的关系

目的 研究铁调素(Hepcidin)、细菌脂多糖(LPS)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、铁蛋白(SF)等在胃肠道肿瘤患者中的表达特点以及与肿瘤相关性贫血发生发展与之间的关系.方法 应用双抗夹心生物素-亲和素-酶联免疫吸附试验( ABC-ELISA)方法检测63例胃肠道肿瘤患者血清Hepcidin、LPS、IL-6和SF,并分析Hepcidin与贫血、IL-6、LPS和SF之间的相关关系.以同期30名健康献血员做为健康对照组.结果 肿瘤患者的血清Hepcidin、LPS和SF分别为(42.88±32.83) μg/L、(81.38±69.75) μg/L和(82.03±59.07) ng/L,均明显高于健康对照组的(23.17±5.21)μg/L、(49.21±12.63)μg／L和(56.85±23.05) ng/L(P ＜0.01或P＜0.05),而两组IL-6则无统计学意义(P＞0.05).肿瘤贫血患者血清Hepcidin为(59.74±28.99) μg/L,明显高于无贫血患者的(33.83±31.47) μg/L(P ＜0.01);丽LPS、IL-6和SF则贫血与无贫血患者之间差异均无统计学意义(均P＞0.05).肿瘤患者的Hepcidin与SF呈负相关(r=-0.2494,P＜0.05),与血红蛋白(Hb)也呈负相关(r=-0.3408,P＜0.01).但与LPS和IL-6均无相关关系.结论 胃肠道肿瘤患者高表达Hepcidin、LPS和SF,其中癌性贫血患者高表达Hepcidin;Hepcidin与SF和Hb均呈负相关关系.Hepcidin在胃肠道肿瘤患者的贫血发生发展过程中起重要的作用.     

慢性肾功能衰竭贫血患者红细胞分布宽度与促红细胞生成素水平的相关性研究

目的 探讨慢性肾功能衰竭(CRF)贫血患者红细胞分布宽度(RDW)与其红细胞生成素(EPO)水平的相关性.方法 将76例CRF贫血患者分为RDW≥13.0％组(n=43)和RDW＜13.0％组(n=33),用免疫学方法和生物检测技术测定CRF患者EPO、血色素、白蛋白、血清铁等指标,并对结果进行统计分析.结果 RDW≥13.0％组肾性贫血患者的EPO水平较RDW＜13.0％组相对低[O/P比值:(0.351±0.12)vs.(0.167±0.57),P＜0.01],并且RDW与血清Alb、Fe水平呈负相关(r=-0.42,-0.37).结论 RDW可以作为监测CRF贫血患者EPO水平的预测指标,高水平的RDW提示CRF患者EPO水平相对较低.     

慢性呼吸衰竭贫血患者血清EPO、RBC水平检测及其临床意义

目的探究慢性呼吸衰竭贫血患者血清促红细胞生成素(EPO)、红细胞(RBC)水平的检测及其临床意义。方法选取30例慢性呼吸衰竭贫血患者作为观察组,另选取30例正常体验的健康人作为对照组。采集两组的血样,检测并比较两组血清EPO、RBC、红细胞压积(HCT)和血红蛋白(Hb)水平。结果观察组EPO水平为(99.68±28.92)mIU/ml,RBC水平为(3.30±0.65)×10^12/L,HCT水平为(29.20±3.69)%,Hb水平为(86.30±8.68)g/L,对照组EPO水平为(21.51±5.27)mIU/ml,RBC水平为(4.27±0.26)×10^12/L,HCT水平为(38.84±2.31)%,Hb水平为(132.47±6.92)g/L;观察组EPO水平高于对照组,RBC、HCT及Hb水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论慢性呼吸衰竭患者血清EPO明显高,RBC明显降低,要根据个体化差异制定合理的治疗方案。对慢性呼吸衰竭患者血清EPO进行动态监测,血清EPO、RBC水平检测对治疗呼吸衰竭贫血患者以及预后判断有重要的意义。     

心力衰竭患儿血清脑利钠肽浓度变化的临床意义

目的 探讨血清脑利钠肽( BNP)浓度在儿童心力衰竭(心衰)时的变化及诊断价值.方法 应用ELISA法测定40例心衰患儿(心衰组)和30例无心衰患儿(对照组)的血清BNP浓度,采用二维超声心动图测定相应的左室射血分数(EF)、左室短轴缩短率(FS)值.结果 心衰组血清BNP为(426.73±249.73)pg/ml,明显高于对照组的(36.00±4.08)pg/ml(P＜0.05).BNP水平与NYHA分级和改良ROSS标准呈正相关(P＜0.01),与EF、FS呈负相关(P＜0.01).结论 测定血清BNP浓度有助于早期诊断儿童心力衰竭.     

可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1在白癜风中的临床意义

目的 探讨可溶性细胞间黏附分子-1(sICAM-1)水平与白癜风活动程度的关系和意义.方法 sICAM-1检测采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)方法.结果 (1)白癜风患者血清sICAM-1平均水平为769.80 ng/ml,显著高于正常对照组642.40 ng/ml(P＜0.001).(2)进展期白癜风患者血清sICAM-1平均水平为802.32 ng/ml,显著高于稳定期654.15 ng/ml(P＜0.001).(3)泛发型白癜风患者血清SICM-1平均水平为801.40 ng/ml,显著高于局限型675.45 ng/ml(P＜0.001).(4)稳定期和局限型白癜风患者血清sICAM-1水平与正常对照组差异无显著性(P均＞0.05).结论 sICAM-1可能参与白癜风的发病,与白癜风活动性和严重程度相关.     

急性心肌梗死患者血糖、糖化血清蛋白和N末端B型钠尿肽原的临床检测价值

目的 通过观察急性心肌梗死(AMI)患者血糖(Glu)、糖化血清蛋白(GSP)、B型钠尿肽原(NT-proBNP)水平变化及并发症发生状况,探讨联合检测的临床价值.方法 据AMI患者入院时有无合并糖尿病分为已知糖尿病组、未知糖尿病组及无糖尿病组,于入院时采集患者外周血,检测血清Glu(葡萄糖氧化酶法)、GSP(果糖胺法)及NT-proBNP(电化学发光免疫分析法)水平,并观察患者住院期间并发症的发生情况.结果 AMI各组患者入院时,已知糖尿病组血清Glu、GSP和NT-proBNP水平[(9.16±0.97) mmol/L、(2.14±0.47) mmol/L和(531.1±99.0) pg/ml]显著高于正常对照组[(5.08±0.91) mmol/L、(1.98±0.41) mmol/L和(47.7±11.6) pg/ml] (P＜0.05);未知糖尿病组血清Glu、GSP和NT-proBNP水平[(13.73±1.39) mmol/L、(3.49±0.62) mmol/L和(966.3±120.7 pg/ml)]显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05);无糖尿病组血清Glu和NT-proBNP水平[(8.62±0.85) mmol/L和(319.2±87.4) pg/ml]显著高于正常对照组(P＜0.05),但血清GSP水平[(2.06±0.43) mmol/L]差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);未知糖尿病组与已知糖尿病组及无糖尿病组比较,血清Glu、GSP和NT-proBNP水平差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).住院期间,已知糖尿病组及未知糖尿病组心血管事件发生率(46.7％、64.1％)均显著高于无糖尿病组(28.0％)(x2=3.847、11.600,P＜0.05),未知糖尿病组与已知糖尿病组差异无统计学意义(x2=2.564,P＞ 0.05).结论 血清GSP可作为区分AMI患者Glu增高属于应激性还是糖尿病性的重要依据,血清NT-proBNP可判断AMI患者心功能损害程度.联合检测血清Glu、GSP及NT-proBNP水平,可作为指导AMI患者的临床治疗及预测预后的指标.     

中药方剂治疗肾性贫血的临床前瞻性随机对照研究

目的观察中药方剂增强硫酸亚铁治疗肾性贫血的临床疗效.方法2 000年1月-2 0 02年5月收集的60例肾性贫血患者随机分为两组(n=40),观察组给予中药联合口服硫酸亚铁治疗,对照组给予硫酸亚铁,共3个月.观察患者治疗前和治疗3月后的红细胞计数(RBC)、血红蛋白(Hb)、红细胞压积(HCT)、肾功能(血清肌苷Scr和尿素氮BUN)以及血清铁蛋白.结果与治疗前相比,观察组治疗后的各项指标均较明显好转(P＜0.05),而对照组治疗后的各项指标与治疗前相比则无统计学意义(P＞0.05).与对照组相比,观察组治疗后RBC、Hb、HCT、肾功能和血清铁蛋白均有明显改善(P＜0.05).结论中药方剂能显著增强硫酸亚铁治疗肾贫血的疗效,值得临床推广应用.     

复方丹参滴丸对糖尿病肾病患者血同型半胱氨酸及肾功能指标的影响

目的 探讨复方丹参滴丸对糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血同型半胱氨酸(hcy)及肾功能指标的影响.方法 将86例DN患者采用随机数字表法分为观察组与对照组,每组各43例,对照组患者进行常规控制血糖、调脂及降血压治疗,观察组在对照组基础上采用口服复方丹参滴丸治疗,比较两组患者的血同型半胱氨酸水平及肾功能相关指标指标.结果 观察组治疗4周后患者hcy[(16.79±1.69)mmol/L vs(18.13±1.68)mmol/L]、治疗8周后[(14.53±1.82)mmol/L vs(17.83±1.62)mmol/L]、治疗16周[(12.70±1.71)mmol/L vs(17.54±1.19) mmol/L]后的hcy水平均显著低于对照组同期水平,P＜ 0.001;观察组患者治疗4周血清肌酐(SCr)[(135.90±28.13)μmol/L vs(138.16±28.46)μmol/L]、治疗8周[(131.69±25.79)μmol/L vs(138.22±24.19)μmol/L]及治疗16周[(126.9±26.9)μmol/L vs(136.97±23.80)μmol/L]的血清肌酐显著低于对照组同期,P＜ 0.001,观察组患者治疗4周[(48.37±11.68) ml/min vs(46.36±12.19) ml/min]、治疗8周[(50.46±12.80)ml/min vs(46.50±13.18)ml/min]及治疗16周后[(53.60±14.18)ml/min vs(46.62±13.79)ml/min]肌酐清除率(CCr)显著低于对照组同期,P＜0.001,观察组患者治疗8周[(10.28±6.30)mmol/L vs(11.20±6.34) mmol/L]、治疗16周[(968 ±4.16) mmol/L vs(11.28±6.14) mmol/L]的BUN水平显著低于对照组同期水平,P＜0.05.结论 复方丹参滴丸可有效降低DN患者的血同型半胱氨酸水平,改善肾功能.     

VEGF和AFP与重型肝炎预后的相关性研究

目的 探讨蛋白质因子VEGF和AFP与重型肝炎患者预后的相关性.方法 应用ELISA法和RIA法检测对照组、慢性肝炎组和重型肝炎组2种因子的血清水平.并评价对患者恢复、死亡和肝移植的诊断效率.结果 对照组、慢性肝炎组和重型肝炎组的VEGF水平分别为(43.8±12.7)pg/ml、(44.1±15.4)pg/ml和(56.7±19.2)pg/ml(P＜0.01,P＜0.01);AFP水平分别为(10.5±2.3)ng/ml、(15.7±15.5)ng/ml和(98.9±144.7)ng/ml(P＜0.01,P＜0.05).重型肝炎恢复、死亡和移植组的VEGF水平分别为(79.5±16.3)pg/ml、(38.4±12.5)pg/ml和(40.5±12.9)pg/ml(P＜0.01,P＜0.01);AFP水平分别为(125.2±162.4)ng/ml、(23.4±21.0)ng/ml和(39.6±5.2)ng/ml(P＜0.01,P＜0.01).VEGF和AFP水平降低,对重型肝炎死亡/移植的诊断效率为69.4%和72.2%.结论 血清AFP和VEGF低水平变化提示重型肝炎患者预后差,反之提示重型肝炎患者预后良好.AFP和VEGF与重型肝炎的肝细胞再生密切相关.     

MECA-79在卵巢肿瘤患者血清和组织中的表达

目的 探讨MECA-79在卵巢肿瘤患者血清和组织中的表达.方法 采用ELISA和免疫组化的方法检测70例卵巢上皮性癌患者(A组)、36例卵巢上皮性囊肿患者(B组)和20例围绝经期子宫肌瘤行全子宫及附件切除(病理证实卵巢无病变)患者(C组)血清和组织中MECA-79的表达.结果 A组血清MEEA-79水平明显高于B、C组[(385.3±140.0)ng/ml vs.(93.2±22.2)ng/ml、(65.8±23.0)ng/ml](P＜0.05);A组术后血清MECA-79较术前减低[(177.0±50.2)ng/ml vs.(385.3±140.O)ng/ml(P＜0.05)).随临床分期及组织学分级增加、淋巴结转移,A组血清MDCA-79水平增加(P＜0.05).A组组织MECA-79总阳性率高于B、C组(P＜0.05).结论 在卵巢癌的发生过程中,MECA-79可能是重要因素,并可能促进了卵巢癌的浸润和转移.     

Efficacy of gut lavage,hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the therapy of paraquat or diquat intoxication

Clinical and in vitro investigations were carried out to test the efficacy of gut lavage, hemodialysis, and hemoperfusion in the treatment of poisoning with paraquat or diquat. In a patient suffering from diquat intoxication 130 times more diquat was removed by gut lavage 30 h after ingestion than was removed by complete aspiration of the gastric contents.Determination of in vitro clearances for paraquat and diquat by hemodialysis showed that, at serum concentrations of 1–2 ppm, such as are frequently encountered in poisoning in man, toxicologically relevant quantities of herbicide cannot be removed from the body. At a concentration of 20 ppm, on the other hand, hemodialysis proved to be effective, the clearance being 70 ml/min at a blood flow rate of 100 ml/min. The efficacy of hemoperfusion with coated activated charcoal was on the whole better. Especially at concentrations around 1–2 ppm, the clearance values for hemoperfusion were some 5–7 times higher than those for hemodialysis.In a patient suffering from paraquat poisoning, both hemodialysis as well as hemoperfusion were carried out. The in vitro results could be confirmed: At serum concentrations of paraquat less than 1 ppm no clearance could be obtained by hemodialysis while by hemoperfusion with activated charcoal quite high clearance values were measured and the serum level dropped down to zero.

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Zusammenfassung Klinische Untersuchungen und Laboratoriumsversuche wurden durchgeführt, um die Wirksamkeit von Darmspülung, Hämodialyse und Hämoperfusion bei Paraquat- und Deiquat-Vergiftungen zu prüfen.Bei einem Patienten wurde 30 Std nach Deiquat-Aufnahme durch Darmspülung 130mal mehr Deiquat entfernt als durch vollständige Aspiration des Mageninhaltes. In vitro-Versuche ergaben, daß bei Blutserumkonzentrationen von 1–2 ppm, die bei Vergiftungen oft gemessen werden, durch Hämodialyse keine toxikologisch relevanten Paraquat- oder Deiquat-Mengen entfernt werden können. Dagegen erwies sich die Hämodialyse bei 20 ppm und einer Blutumlaufgeschwindigkeit von 100 ml/min mit einer Clearance von 70 ml/min als wirksam. Die Hämoperfusion mit beschicheter Aktivkohle war in diesen Versuchen aber eindeutig überlegen, denn insbesondere bei Konzentrationen um 1–2 ppm waren die Clearance-Werte 5–7mal höher als bei der Hämodialyse.Die in vitro-Ergebnisse wurden bei einem Patienten mit einer Paraquat-Vergiftung bestätigt: Bei Konzentrationen unter 1 ppm war die Hämodialyse wirkungslos, während durch Hämoperfusion relativ hohe Clearance-Werte erreicht wurden, so daß der Serumspiegel rasch unter die Nachweisgrenze abfiel.

     

In vitro studies on sterically stabilized liposomes (SL) as enzyme carriers in organophosphorus (OP) antagonism

This study describes a new approach for organophosphorous (OP) antidotal treatment by encapsulating an OP hydrolyzing enzyme, OPA anhydrolase (OPAA), within sterically stabilized liposomes. The recombinant OPAA enzyme was derived from Alteromonas strain JD6. It has broad substrate specificity to a wide range of OP compounds: DFP and the nerve agents, soman and sarin. Liposomes encapsulating OPAA (SL)* were made by mechanical dispersion method. Hydrolysis of DFP by (SL)* was measured by following an increase of fluoride ion concentration using a fluoride ion selective electrode. OPAA entrapped in the carrier liposomes rapidly hydrolyze DFP, with the rate of DFP hydrolysis directly proportional to the amount of (SL)* added to the solution. Liposomal carriers containing no enzyme did not hydrolyze DFP. The reaction was linear and the rate of hydrolysis was first order in the substrate. This enzyme carrier system serves as a biodegradable protective environment for the recombinant OP-metabolizing enzyme, OPAA, resulting in prolongation of enzymatic concentration in the body. These studies suggest that the protection of OP intoxication can be strikingly enhanced by adding OPAA encapsulated within (SL)* to pralidoxime and atropine.     

Aquatic Insects and Trace Metals: Bioavailability,Bioaccumulation, and Toxicity

Abstract

The uptake of metals from food and water sources by insects is thought to be additive. For a given metal, the proportions taken up from water and food will depend both on the bioavailable concentration of the metal associated with each source and the mechanism and rate by which the metal enters the insect. Attempts to correlate insect trace metal concentrations with the trophic level of insects should be made with a knowledge of the feeding relationships of the individual taxa concerned. Pathways for the uptake of essential metals, such as copper and zinc, exist at the cellular level, and other nonessential metals, such as cadmium, also appear to enter via these routes. Within cells, trace metals can be bound to proteins or stored in granules. The internal distribution of metals among body tissues is very heterogeneous, and distribution patterns tend to be both metal and taxon specific. Trace metals associated with insects can be both bound on the surface of their chitinous exoskeleton and incorporated into body tissues. The quantities of trace meals accumulated by an individual reflect the net balance between the rate of metal influx from both dissolved and particulate sources and the rate of metal efflux from the organism. The toxicity of metals has been demonstrated at all levels of biological organization: cell, tissue, individual, population, and community. Much of the literature pertaining to the toxic effects of metals on aquatic insects is based on laboratory observations and, as such, it is difficult to extrapolate the data to insects in nature. The few experimental studies in nature suggest that trace metal contaminants can affect both the distribution and the abundance of aquatic insects. Insects have a largely unexploited potential as biomonitors of metal contamination in nature. A better understanding of the physico-chemical and biological mechanisms mediating trace metal bioavailability and exchange will facilitate the development of general predictive models relating trace metal concentrations in insects to those in their environment. Such models will facilitate the use of insects as contaminant biomonitors.     

Pharmacological treatment of COVID-19: an opinion paper

The precocity and efficacy of the vaccines developed so far against COVID-19 has been the most significant and saving advance against the pandemic. The development of vaccines has not prevented, during the whole period of the pandemic, the constant search for therapeutic medicines, both among existing drugs with different indications and in the development of new drugs. The Scientific Committee of the COVID-19 of the Illustrious College of Physicians of Madrid wanted to offer an early, simplified and critical approach to these new drugs, to new developments in immunotherapy and to what has been learned from the immune response modulators already known and which have proven effective against the virus, in order to help understand the current situation.     

Alzheimer’s disease – current trends in basic and clinical research. Highlights from the 16th ECNP

Advances in the molecular biological knowledge of neuronal nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) have led to a growing interest by the pharmaceutical industry in the development of novel compounds that selectively modulate nAChR function. The ability of (-)-nicotine, an activator of nAChRs, to enhance attentional aspects of cognition in animals and humans, to exert neuroprotective and anxiolytic-like effects, and presumably to mediate the negative correlation between smoking and Alzheimer's (and Parkinson's) Disease, has focused interest on the potential therapeutic utility of modulators of nAChR function for treatment of some of the deficits associated with these progressive, neurodegenerative conditions. Numerous compounds are known which activate nAChRs and which might serve as lead compounds toward the development of such agents. The pharmacologic diversity of neuronal nAChR subtypes suggests the possibility of developing selective compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents. This broader class of agents, collectively called cholinergic channel modulators (ChCMs), is anticipated to encompass compounds which would have more favourable side-effect profiles than existing agents, which generally exhibit low selectivity. This selectivity may be achieved by preferentially activating some subtypes of nAChRs (i.e., Cholinergic Channel Activators, ChCAs) or inhibiting the function of other subtypes (Cholinergic Channel Inhibitors, ChCIs). An overview of the biology of nAChRs and the rationale for the use of ChCMs for the treatment of dementia related to neurodegenerative diseases are presented, followed by a discussion of lead compounds and compounds under consideration for clinical evaluation.     

Steroidal sapogenin contents in some domestic plants

In order to find out the values of the steroid resources for the future use. the compositions and contents of steroidal sapogenins from 13 domestic plants have been investigated. As a result,Dioscorea nipponica, D. quinqueloba andSmilax china were found to have large amount of diosgenin. And pennogenin inTrillium kamtschaticum andParis verticillata, yuccagenin inAllium fistulosum, hecogenin inAgave americana and neochlorogenin inSolanum nigum were appeared to be major steroidal sapogenins.