N-乙酰半胱氨酸丝素微球复合磷酸钙骨水泥的制备及表征

BACKGROUND: Calcium phosphate bone cement has been applied to clinical surgery because of its good biocompatibility and osteoconduction. However poor mechanical properties and lack of osteoinductivity limit its wide application. OBJECTIVE: To develop calcium phosphate cement incorporated with N-acetylcysteine (NAC) loaded silk fibroin microspheres (SFM), which is a kind of new injectable bone graft material with slow-release function, and evaluate its physical and chemical properties and cell compatibility. METHODS: Empty SFMs were prepared with emulsion solvent evaporation to absorb NAC solution of different concentrations by NAC-SFM and the concentration of NAC at the maximum drug loading ratio was determined. Then, NAC-SFM was loaded into calcium phosphate bone cement to test the drug release properties in vitro. MC3T3-E1 osteoblasts were cultured on the surface of NAC-SFM calcium phosphate bone cement and cell attachment and growth were observed by scanning electron microscope. Additionally, MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured with three kinds of bone cement extracts (calcium phosphate cement, SFM-calcium phosphate cement, NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement, as well as cultured in the α-minimum essential medium containing a volume fraction of 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin double antibody as the control. MTS assay was used to evaluate cell proliferation. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Microspheres in the composite bone cement presented with smooth surface, same size, diffused distribution and no obvious destroy. Thus, the SFM could remain stable in the reaction process of the composite bone cement. The double slow release system which contained silk fibroin microspheres and calcium phosphate bone cement showed a significant decrease in the cumulative release percentage of NAC within the first 24 hours compared with the control group (P < 0.05). In the next 28 days, the release speed of NAC was significantly lower in the NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement group than the calcium phosphate cement group (P < 0.05). In addition, different extracts had no significant cytotoxicity to the growth of MC3TC-E1 cells. Thus, the NAC-SFM-calcium phosphate cement has good cytocompatibility, which provide a new insight into the development of bone repair biomaterials. 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

复合N-乙酰半胱氨酸丝素蛋白磷酸钙骨水泥的理化性能及细胞毒性

BACKGROUND: Calcium phosphate cements (CPCs) possess the bio-degradation and osteoconduction, and its final hydration product, hydroxyapatite, is the main inorganic constituent of bones. However, its poor mechanical property makes it unable to be used for repairing weight-bearing bone defects. OBJECTIVE: To develop a kind of bioactive bone cements with decent biomechanical property and biocompatibility. METHODS: 6% silk fibroin aqueous solutions containing different concentrations of N-acetylcysteine (0, 10 and 25 mmol/L) were prepared. Each cement sample was prepared by mixing the curing liquid and α-tricalcium phosphate powder with the ratio of 0.4 mL: 1 g; α-tricalcium phosphate powder mixed with ddH2O as control group. The compressive strength, setting time of the cements were measured. The crystal components of the cements were characterized using X-ray diffraction and the microstructure was observed using scanning electron microscope. MC3T3-E1 cells were seeded onto the material in each group, and cell morphology was observed under scanning electron microscope at 24 hours. MC3T3-E1 cells were cultured in the extract of each material, cell proliferation was detected at 1, 3, 5 and 7 days, and the lactate dehydrogenase level was detected at 1 and 3 days. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope showed that the final hydration products of α-tricalcium phosphate in all specimens were hydroxyapatite. When the concentration of N-acetylcysteine was 25 mmol/L, the compressive strength of the material reached (49.39±1.68) MPa, with the initial setting time of (21.77±1.07) minutes and the final setting time of (31.88±1.69) minutes. There was no significant difference in cell morphology among cements. These results suggest that the cement containing N-acetylcysteine exhibites good biocompatibility and high mechanical strength.     

双相钙磷生物陶瓷/硫酸钙骨水泥多孔三维支架的生物性能

背景：随着组织工程技术的发展,多孔生物陶瓷被越来越多的运用到骨缺损的修复中,当前的研究主要集中在这种生物陶瓷的合成及其各项性能的评价。 目的：研究一种新型骨水泥的制备方法并测定其理化性能及与成骨细胞的生物相容性。 方法：共沉淀法制备双相钙磷生物陶瓷粉体,利用胶体团聚成颗粒,烧结后得到颗粒状、多孔羟基磷灰石/磷酸三钙生物陶瓷,并按不同比例与高纯度医用半水硫酸钙混合制备钙磷陶瓷/硫酸钙骨水泥。 结果与结论：X射线衍射证实合成物质为双相钙磷陶瓷,颗粒状双相钙磷陶瓷具有多孔网状结构,骨水泥在   3 min内保持可塑状态,固化时间为15 min,固化温度为36.5 ℃,压缩强度最高为5.82 MPa,MTT毒性级为0级,成骨细胞在材料表面生长良好。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

新型氯化锂复合磷酸钙骨水泥的理化性能及成骨特性

BACKGROUND: Lithium chloride is a widely used inorganic ion inhibitor of glycogen synthase kinase-3β, and it can be combined with glycogen synthase kinase-3β to activate the classical Wnt/β-catenin pathway, thereby promoting human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and osteoblasts proliferation and accelerating bone repair. OBJECTIVE: To observe the physicochemical properties of novel lithium chloride/calcium phosphate cement, and to explore its osteoinductive biological property. METHODS: Calcium phosphate cement served as control group, and lithium chloride/calcium phosphate cement containing different lithium content as experimental groups. The setting time and compressive strength of bone cement in each group were detected, and the microstructure of the material surface observed under scanning electron microscopy. Bone cement and MC3T3-E1 cells were co-cultured in vitro, and the growth and adhesion morphology of MC3T3-E1 cells on the surface of bone cement were observed under the scanning electron microscope. Effect of bone cement extracts on cell proliferation was determined through MTT assay, and alkaline phosphatase kit used for determining alkaline phosphatase activity. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Lithium chloride/calcium phosphate cement had the same physicochemical properties to the calcium phosphate cement. Initial and final setting time, compressive strength and morphology of bone cement had no significant differences among groups. MC3T3-E1 cells grew and adhered well on the material surface. Results of MTT assay showed that compared with the calcium phosphate cement, the lithium chloride/calcium phosphate cement was better to improve osteoblast proliferation in vitro. In addition, the alkaline phosphatase activity in MC3T3-E1 cells was higher in experimental groups than the control group. These findings indicate that lithium chloride/calcium phosphate cement can maintain good physicochemical properties, and release lithium ions to promote bone formation.       

成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的制备及体外检测

背景：成骨生长肽体外注射可以刺激外周血和骨髓细胞数增加,增加动物的骨量,加速骨折愈合,但因多肽不稳定性及注射应用不方便,限制了其临床应用。 目的：应用乳化交联法制备成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球,并对其粒径、载药、体外释药、理化特性进行检测。 方法：以戊二醛作为交联剂,应用乳化交联法制备具有控制释放功能的负载成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球,显微镜及扫描电镜观察微球的形态和粒径;利用酶联免疫吸附实验动态检测成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球的载药率、包封率和缓释规律。 结果与结论：乳化交联法制备的壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球,球形良好,球体表面有较多微孔,具有较高的包封率(>72%)。体外药物释放实验表明,成骨生长肽可以从壳聚糖-海藻酸钠微球中缓慢释放,整个释放过程可达49 d,累积释放率>85%。提示应用乳化交联法制备的负载成骨生长肽壳聚糖-海藻酸钠缓释微球,具有很好的控制释放成骨生长肽的能力。     

磷酸钙骨水泥承载头孢哌酮钠后对其理化特性的影响

分析不同复合比例的头孢哌酮钠 磷酸钙骨水泥复合体的理化特性。其方法为制备含头孢哌酮钠与磷酸钙骨水泥质量比分别为 0 %、2 9%、4 8%、7 4%的复合材料 ,观察固化时间 ,用材料万能试验机测试抗压极限强度 ,用扫描电镜观察和分析超微结构等。结果表明 :磷酸钙骨水泥承载头孢哌酮钠后 ,随着所承载药物量的增加 ,固化时间和孔隙率的变化不显著 ;而抗压极限强度逐渐降低 ,四组抗压极限强度分别为 2 1 98± 1 0 6、2 1 38± 0 95、19 2 2± 1 11、13 5± 1 6 5MPa。磷酸钙骨水泥承载头孢哌酮钠药量在 0 % 4 8%之间对其理化特性无显著影响 ,复合体存在自然孔隙 ,具有较强的抗压性能 ,有望成为感染性骨缺损的理想修复材料。     

新型复合壳聚糖季铵盐纳米粒子抗感染骨水泥的生物学特性

BACKGROUND: Postoperative infection in patients underlying total knee arthroplasty is a long-standing puzzle. Current bone cement with antibiotics cannot effectively treat kidney function deficiency and bacterial resistance. OBJECTIVE: To develop a novel kind of bone cement prepared by quaternary ammonium salt chitosan nanoparticles. METHODS: There were three groups including QCSNP-15, Palacos R and Palacos R+G groups. Morphology of the bone cement in each group was observed using scanning electron microscope, the setting time of bone cement was measured, and the in vitro compression strength, cytotoxicity and antibacterial activity tests were performed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Scanning electron microscope observed that QCSNP-15 was made of quaternary ammonium salt chitosan nanoparticles and methyl methacrylate copolymer, and these nanoparticles distributed onto the material surface. The setting time of QCSNP-15 was longer than that of the Palacos R+G bone cement. The compressive strength of QCSNP-15 was significantly lower than that of the Palacos R bone cement (P < 0.05), but was larger than 70 MPa stipulated by ISO 5833. Osteoblasts MC3T3-E1adhered well on the QCSNP-15, and pseudopodia fully expanded. Similar findings were observed on the Palacos R+G bone cement. The attachment rate of osteoblasts of the QCSNP-15 at 3 hours was significantly lower than that of the Palacos R+G bone cement (P < 0.05). The antibacterial activity did not significantly differ between QCSNP-15 and Palacos R+G bone cements, even after 2-week immersion in the PBS. These findings suggest that QCSNP-15 exhibits appropriate setting time, good biomechanical property and antibacterial activity in vitro with no obvious cytotoxicity.     

磁性壳聚糖微球的生物相容性

背景：采用壳聚糖对磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒表面进行改性,一方面可改善磁性纳米氧化铁颗粒的团聚性,增加其稳定性,另一方面将来可用于肿瘤热疗及基因治疗。 目的：制备将来可用于肿瘤热疗及基因治疗的磁性壳聚糖微球,评价其生物相容性。 方法：采用改良的化学沉淀法制备磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒。采用超声乳化法将壳聚糖加入到磁性氧化铁纳米颗粒中制备磁性壳聚糖微球,进行以下实验：①MTT实验检测磁性壳聚糖微球浸提液的细胞毒性：分别以1640培养液、聚丙烯酰胺单体溶液、100%,75%,50%,25%的磁性壳聚糖微球浸提液培养L-929细胞。②溶血实验：在兔抗凝血中分别加入磁性壳聚糖微球浸提液、生理盐水及蒸馏水。③微核实验：在昆明小鼠腹腔分别注射含氧化铁磁流体5,3.75,2.5,1.25 g/kg的磁性壳聚糖微球混悬液、环磷酰胺及生理盐水。 结果与结论：磁性壳聚糖微球粒径200-300 nm,分散效果有所提高。不同浓度的磁性壳聚糖微球浸提液对L-929 细胞毒性为1级,属对细胞无毒性范畴。磁性壳聚糖微球浸提液的溶血率为0.69%,小于5%,符合医用材料的溶血实验要求。磁性壳聚糖微球混悬液未导致细胞DNA断裂和非整倍体化,未导致微核产生的遗传毒理作用,材料无致畸或致突变作用,因此磁性壳聚糖微球具有良好的生物相容性。     

纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合骨水泥的性能

背景：目前普遍使用的黏合剂对粉碎骨折块进行黏合复位或多或少都存在一些缺陷。 目的：研制具有黏接骨骼作用的生物活性骨水泥。 方法：应用共沉淀法制备纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合材料作为骨水泥的固相粉体,将柠檬酸衍生物配制成溶液作为液相。通过优化实验,从骨水泥的固化时间、抗压强度、抗拉强度、抗稀散性等方面确定最佳配比。 结果与结论：纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠质量比为65/35,其中羧甲基壳聚糖和海藻酸钠质量比为4∶1时复合成粉体,并按固液比为1.0∶0.5(g∶mL)调拌后形成的骨水泥呈膏状,塑形性和抗稀散性能良好,固化时间12~18 min,抗压强度为(4.5±2.1) MPa。体外黏接猪股骨头抗拉强度在不同室温下无显著性差异无显著性意义(P > 0.05),固化后2 h的抗拉强度达到24 h的94%。骨水泥为多孔状结构,孔径为100~300 μm,纳米羟基磷灰石分布较均匀。提示制备的纳米羟基磷灰石/羧甲基壳聚糖-海藻酸钠复合骨水泥具有良好的生物活性、适当的力学强度以及较好的黏合强度。     

硫酸钙人工骨复合培养骨髓间充质干细胞对骨诱导脊柱融合的影响

BACKGROUND: Biodegrable calcium sulfate artificial bone has a good biocompatibility, so it is used as a bone graft substitute in the treatment of spinal fusion. OBJECTIVE: To investigate the osteoinductive effects of the tissue-engineered bone made of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells and calcium sulfate artificial bone in spinal fusion. METHODS: Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells were cultured in vitro, and then combined with the calcium sulfate artificial bone. The composite material was observed under electron microscope. Totally 67 patients undergoing spinal fusion were enrolled, who were divided into control group (n=35) and observation group (n=32), receiving autologous iliac bone graft and autologous bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells combined with calcium sulfate transplantation, respectively. Subsequently, spinal fusion Lenke classification and low back outcome score were conducted. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Under electron microscope, the visible calcium sulfate artificial bone presented a good porous structure, on which bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells grew and adhered well. Slightly but insignificantly better outcomes in the spinal fusion through the use of the Lenke classification system were obtained in the observation group than the control group after surgery (P > 0.05). Besides, scores on low back outcomes in both two groups were significantly higher than baseline data (P < 0.05). These results suggest that the tissue-engineered bone made of calcium sulfate artificial bone as the scaffold and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells as seed cells can exert a good osteoinduction in spinal fusion, and obtain ideal effects.     

丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架有良好的细胞相容性与渗透性

文题释义：丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架：将壳聚糖溶于浓度为1%的冰乙酸,制备成质量浓度为35 g/L的壳聚糖溶液并与丝素蛋白溶液融合,将素蛋白与羧化壳聚糖按照体积比8∶2的比例混合,再将混合溶液注入48孔板中,每孔注入1 mL,最后通过冷冻干燥得到丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架。 热重分析：是指在程序控制温度下测量待测样品的质量与温度变化关系的一种热分析技术,用来研究材料的热稳定性和组分。实验中将10 mg待检验的样品放于氮气环境下进行检测,测试温度升高控制范围为30-800 ℃,温度上升速度为10 ℃/min。 背景：丝素蛋白与壳聚糖为组织工程常用的支架材料,但二者单独应用均存在一定的不足,将两者混合使用可以互为改性,充分发挥优点,获取理想的复合支架材料。 目的：制备丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架并对其进行性能测定。 方法：通过冷冻干燥方法制备丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架,采用电镜扫描检测复合支架的形态结构,并进行热重分析、力学性能及细胞毒性检测。制备季铵化壳聚糖,利用核磁共振仪表征其核磁氢谱,Zeta电位仪检测其电位和粒径分布,凝胶电泳实验检测其保护DNA的情况,透射电镜观察其与DNA结合情况。 结果与结论：①扫描电镜显示丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架具体良好的三维孔洞结构,孔径为50-100 μm;②热重分析显示当温度小于200 ℃时,丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架的质量损失下降速度较低;当温度上升至200-500 ℃时,支架质量损失速度开始加快,损失量增多;在800 ℃时,复合支架的残余质量为38%;③丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架的最大应变可以达到94.94%,最大承受应力为7.01 MPa;④CCK-8实验显示,丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架对兔骨髓间充质干细胞没有细胞毒性,具有良好的细胞相容性;⑤核磁氢谱检测显示,季铵化壳聚糖的季铵化程度约为20%;⑥季铵化壳聚糖的粒径分布为(588.56±52.39) nm,季铵化壳聚糖颗粒的表面带正电荷,电位为(16.3±3.92) mV,有利于与DNA结合;⑦凝胶电泳实验显示,季铵化壳聚糖材料的比例越高,对DNA的包裹越好,当其与DNA的比例为1∶3时,对DNA达到包裹作用;⑧透射电镜显示,季铵化壳聚糖/DNA大部分的微粒呈实心圆形,微粒粒径差别较小,平均粒径约为200 nm;⑨结果表明,丝素蛋白/壳聚糖复合支架有良好的细胞相容性与细胞渗透性,利于细胞在支架间的生长。 ORCID: 0000-0002-2572-0229(章晓云) 中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程     

丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石构建的骨组织工程支架

背景：丝素蛋白、壳聚糖及纳米羟基磷灰石均是天然材料,具有良好的生物活性和理化特性,作为人体组织工程材料已取得了一定的成果,但3种材料在单独应用的研究中还存在一定的缺陷。 目的：制作丝素蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维支架材料,分析其特性。 方法：将丝素蛋白、壳聚糖、纳米羟基磷灰石分别配制成2%的溶液后,分别按照 1∶1∶0.5,1∶1∶1, 1∶1∶1.5 的体积比混合,采用冷冻干燥与化学交联技术制备成三维复合支架材料。检测三维复合支架的孔隙率、吸水膨胀率及热水溶失率,采用材料力学测验机测试干燥三维复合支架材料的拉伸和压缩弹性模量,采用扫描电镜检测三维复合支架的孔径。 结果与结论：丝素蛋白/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维复合支架在干燥状态下呈白色,无特殊气味,为稳定固态的圆柱体,触之有明显的抗压能力和弹性。随着复合支架材料中纳米羟基磷灰石含量的增高,支架材料的孔隙率、吸水膨胀率、平均孔径呈逐渐减小趋势,热水溶失率及抗压能力表现出相反的趋势,结果显示以1∶1∶1体积比制作的支架更符合骨替代材料要求,其平均孔径为85.67 µm、吸水膨胀率的为(135.65±4.56)%、热水溶失率为(22.84±1.06)%,支架材料内部孔隙均匀,呈现网状结构,孔隙之间交通发达,网状结构本身约10 µm。     

磷酸钙骨水泥复合骨形态发生蛋白6和血管内皮生长因子修复骨缺损

背景：单独将骨形态发生蛋白或血管内皮生长因子植入体内易被血液冲刷掉而不能最大限度发挥诱导成骨和血管生成作用,同时缺少载体的支撑作用。 目的：观察骨形态发生蛋白6、血管内皮生长因子及磷酸钙骨水泥联合应用在骨缺损修复过程中的作用。 方法：制作新西兰兔双侧股骨内侧髁骨缺损模型,左侧分别植入磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6/血管内皮生长因子、磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6及磷酸钙骨水泥,右侧不植入任何物质作为空白对照。植入8,16周通过硬组织切片组织学观察、电镜扫描等手段观察新骨形成情况。 结果与结论：各组材料的组织相容性良好,未见明显炎症组织反应。植入8周时,磷酸钙骨水泥/骨形态发生蛋白6/血管内皮生长因子组骨水泥-骨组织交界处基本上被新生骨小梁包绕,材料进一步降解,新生骨小梁表面可见大量活跃的成骨细胞;16周时,新生骨小梁继续长入,进一步增长、增粗、增多,有大量新生编织骨成网格状长入材料中,骨水泥材料降解明显,与周围组织结合紧密,降解与骨长入同步,此组不同时间点成骨速度及成骨效果均明显优于其他两组材料(P < 0.05)。表明3种材料联合应用可协同促进骨缺损修复。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

Preparation and characterisation of vancomycin-impregnated gelatin microspheres/silk fibroin scaffold

A type of antibacterial silk fibroin (SF) scaffold was developed and characterised as a potential functional wound dressing for acute trauma treatment. To achieve this, SF solution was mixed with previously fabricated vancomycin (Vm)-loaded gelatin (G) microspheres, followed by a freeze-drying step. Some physical and antimicrobial properties of the prepared Vm/G/SF scaffolds were investigated and the results demonstrated that the average pore size and porosity of the composite scaffold were 60–80?μm and 75%, respectively. The compressive stress and compressive modulus of Vm/G/SF scaffold were 140 and 468?KPa, respectively. Compared with Vm/G microspheres and Vm/SF scaffold, the Vm/G/SF scaffold has slower release rate of Vm. In addition, the Vm release rate of Vm/G/SF scaffold matched well with the degradation rate of SF scaffold. With respect to the antimicrobial effect, the results showed that the Vm/G/SF scaffold had good antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (gram-positive), which is a gram-positive bacteria commonly found in infected wounds.     

胶原/生物活性玻璃/壳聚糖增强型复合支架

背景：生物活性玻璃/胶原复合材料具有优良的成骨活性和的生物学性能,然而其在人体环境中易降解而导致支架溃散、力学性能下降。 目的：构建具有良好力学性能、抗降解性能和骨修复特性的胶原/生物活性玻璃/壳聚糖增强型复合支架。 方法：以壳聚糖作为分散剂,将生物活性玻璃粉体预先在壳聚糖溶液中均匀分散,然后与胶原溶液混合,结合冷冻干燥法制备多孔胶原/生物活性玻璃/壳聚糖增强型复合骨修复支架。采用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪、场发射扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、动态生物力学试验机等对复合支架的结构和性能进行表征。 结果与结论：由于壳聚糖和生物活性玻璃粉体在微酸性环境下的电荷吸引,使在壳聚糖中预分散的生物活性玻璃颗粒在复合支架中分散更均匀;壳聚糖的引入大量增加了机体中的羟基和氨基,使分子间的相互作用增强,显著提高了材料的抗压模量和强度;壳聚糖和胶原在分子尺度的混合,使胶原分子被壳聚糖包裹,降低了胶原酶对胶原分子的酶切能力,显著提高了复合支架的抗胶原酶解性;壳聚糖分子使生物活性玻璃颗粒更均匀的包裹在大分子基相中,减少了生物活性玻璃颗粒的团聚和暴露,导致复合支架在模拟体液中的矿化活性略微降低。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

骨组织工程三维复合支架修复兔桡骨骨缺损

背景：前期实验构建的丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架具有良好的理化性质。 目的：观察丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维复合支架修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损的效果。 方法：取新西兰大白兔36只,建立右侧桡骨长段骨缺损模型,随机均分为3组,实验组于骨缺损处植入丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石复合支架,对照组于骨缺损处植入丝素/壳聚糖复合支架,空白对照组造模后不作任何处理。术后4,8,12,16周进行X射线摄片、标本大体观察、组织病理学观察。 结果与结论：术后16周,实验组缺损区X射线影像与正常骨组织无区别,骨髓腔完全再通,有明显的骨组织生成,苏木精-伊红染色可见骨小梁和较多核深染的长梭形骨细胞;对照组X射线骨密度影略低于正常骨组织,部分骨髓腔再通,苏木精-伊红染色可见骨细胞周围有不少软骨细胞,未见明显的骨小梁或骨板结构,排列较紊乱;空白对照组断端骨钙化影同正常骨组织一致,断端各自封闭形成骨不连,苏木精-伊红染色可见较多的纤维组织和少量的类骨组织。表明丝素/壳聚糖/纳米羟基磷灰石三维复合支架可较好地修复兔桡骨大段骨缺损。     

生物活性玻璃与壳聚糖复合的骨修复材料

背景：生物活性玻璃是一种多相复合材料,具有良好的生物活性、骨传导性及生物相容性,但作为骨修复材料仍然存在不能完全降解、机械强度较低等不足。 目的：设计生物活性玻璃/壳聚糖复合材料骨组织工程支架,并检测其理化性能。 方法：将2.0%壳聚糖盐酸溶液与β-甘油磷酸钠以7∶1的体积比混合制备壳聚糖溶液。称取0.5,1.0,1.5 g生物活性玻璃分别加入上述壳聚糖溶液中,使得壳聚糖与生物活性玻璃的质量比为2∶1,1∶1及1∶1.5。将复合材料浸泡于模拟生理体液中7 d进行体外矿化。 结果与结论：扫描电镜见复合支架具有相互贯通的多孔结构,孔隙率最高可达89%,孔径大小合适,为100-  300 µm,生物活性玻璃以针状形式分散在壳聚糖支架之间,均匀排列,被壳聚糖支架充分包裹结合紧密。随生物活性玻璃含量的增加,复合材料的孔隙率逐渐下降,断裂强度逐渐升高,他们之间呈正相关性。X射线衍射图及傅里叶变换红外光谱证实复合支架中的单一材料未发生性质改变,示差扫描量热法分析显示正常体温情况下材料无质量丢失。矿化3 d后材料表面形成的羟基磷灰石逐渐长大为绒毛状,数量也明显增多;矿化7 d后绒毛状的羟基磷灰石长成为针状,数量进一步增多,且众多的矿化物结成球状。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：生物材料;骨生物材料; 口腔生物材料; 纳米材料; 缓释材料; 材料相容性;组织工程全文链接：     

明胶联合壳聚糖纤维对磷酸钙骨水泥力学性能的影响

背景：已有多种纤维被用于提高磷酸钙骨水泥的强度及抗断裂性能。 目的：了解明胶联合壳聚糖纤维对磷酸钙骨水泥力学性能的影响,寻找较为合适的配比。 方法：采用2×4析因设计,将质量比为0(蒸馏水),5%的明胶,体积比为0,10%,30%和50%的壳聚糖纤维分别混入磷酸钙骨水泥,检测复合物的抗弯曲强度,扫描电子显微镜观察各组试样断口形态并进行电子能谱分析。 结果与结论：各明胶组间抗弯强度差异有非常显著性意义(P < 0.001);各体积比纤维间抗弯强度差异有非常显著性意义(P < 0.001),其中5%明胶和30%壳聚糖纤维构成的复合物抗弯曲强度最大,达 12.31 MPa。以蒸馏水为液相的磷酸钙骨水泥固化后,表面可见不规则颗粒,平均微孔直径小于5 μm,添加明胶后颗粒似乎黏在一起,微孔直径与前者相似,但是数目少于前者。磷酸钙骨水泥-5%明胶-30%纤维复合物的断口扫描可见拔出纤维的表面黏附有大量颗粒,磷酸钙骨水泥-蒸馏水-30%纤维复合物拔出纤维表面的颗粒明显减少。表明明胶与壳聚糖纤维可提高磷酸钙骨水泥的抗弯曲强度,5%明胶和30%壳聚糖纤维为这种增强模式较为合适的比例。