贵阳地区成人骨密度与骨质疏松症调查

背景：中国很多地方做过骨密度的变化规律及骨质疏松症的调查,但对于地处西部的贵阳地区,尚缺乏对的骨密度变化规律和骨质疏松症全面系统的随机调查。 目的：调查贵阳地区成人骨密度,为该地区骨质疏松的预防、诊断、治疗提供参考依据。 方法：2008/2011用双能X射线骨密度仪对贵阳地区共1 334例年龄为20~79岁的人群进行骨密度测定,测定部位包括腰椎1~4椎体、右股骨近端,以峰值骨密度减低2. 0 SD为诊断骨质疏松症标准,按性别、10岁一个年龄分组进行统计学分析。 结果与结论：贵阳地区男、女骨密度峰值均在20~29岁年龄组,女性50岁、男性60岁以后骨密度值明显降低。20~29岁的女性人群中出现骨质疏松症发病率和骨丢失率较高的异常现象。提示对于女性小于50岁和男性小于60岁,应加强普及骨质疏松预防知识,50岁以上的女性和60岁以上的男性还应同时采取相应干预措施,以减少骨质疏松症的发生,同时该调查为贵阳地区骨质疏松症的诊治提供了参考依据。     

广西罗城仫佬族中老年人跟骨超声骨密度检测分析

目的:调查广西罗城仫佬族中老年人骨密度,探讨该人群骨质疏松(OP)发病率及影响因素。方法:随机抽取45岁以上广西罗城世居仫佬族中老年健康人群,测量其跟骨超声骨密度,身高、体质量、体质量指数(BMI)。测试对象每5岁为1组,分析每组骨密度、骨质疏松患病率及相关影响因素。采用SPSS 17.0软件对数据进行分析。结果:罗城仫佬族中老年骨密度随年龄增长而降低。男性75以上年龄组与45岁年龄组对比差异有统计学意义,女性55岁以上各个年龄组与45岁年龄组对比差异有统计学意义,70岁年龄组,75岁以上年龄组与其余年龄组相比BUA值差异有统计学意义。从45岁年龄组至75岁以上年龄组,骨质疏松发生率在男性由0增至19%,女性则由0增至50%。骨密度与年龄呈负相关,与身高、体质量、BMI呈正相关。结论:罗城仫佬族男性骨密度降低程度较女性平缓。男性在75岁之后,女性55岁之后骨密度下降明显,发生时间早于男性。在该人群中倡导健康生活方式,积极干预,及早诊治对于防治骨质疏松具有重要意义。     

中国大陆妇性跟骨超声低骨密度评估

目的了解我国南方地区健康女性跟骨超声骨密度随年龄、身高、体重等变化的规律及骨质疏松患病率的情况,为确定我国南方地区女性超声骨密度的参考值和骨质疏松症的诊断标准提供科学依据。方法用美国Lunar公司生产的Achilles Express跟骨超声骨密度测定仪,测定2498名年龄在10~87岁的女性跟骨硬度指数(SI),每10岁为一个年龄组,69岁以上合并为1组,共7组,对相关数据进行相应的统计学分析。结果SI随年龄增长呈现先升后降的变化趋势,骨峰值年龄出现在20~29岁年龄组。Pearson相关分析显示,SI与年龄呈显著负相关,与身高、体重呈正相关。骨质疏松患病率随年龄增加逐步升高。结论我国南方地区女性硬度指数与年龄、身高、体重均有显著相关性,本研究获得的硬度指数将为确定我国女性超声骨密度的参考值和骨质疏松症的诊断标准提供重要的参考依据。     

经皮椎体成形与后凸成形术治疗骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折的研究进展

随着我国逐渐步入老龄化社会,骨质疏松性椎体压缩性骨折(osteoporotic vertebral compression fracture,OVCF)越来越受到人们的关注.国际骨质疏松基金会的统计数据显示,目前骨质疏松症危害着全球大约1/350岁以上的女性和1/550岁以上的男性,而椎体压缩性骨折是骨质疏松症最常见的并发症.患有骨质疏松症的70岁以上老人中20%有不同程度的椎体压缩性骨折.     

河北省农村酒精滥用和依赖性障碍的流行病学调查

目的了解河北省农村18岁及以上人群酒精滥用和依赖性障碍患病率及流行病学特点。方法采用多阶段、整群、分层随机抽样方法调查河北省农村18岁及以上人群共20696人,调查筛选工具采用改编后的一般健康问卷12项(GHQ-12),以《DSM-IV-TR轴I障碍定式临床检查》(SC ID-T/P)病人版为调查的诊断工具,采用功能大体评定量表(GAF)评价功能状况。结果河北省农村酒精滥用和依赖性障碍时点患病率为20.16‰,终生患病率为36.78‰,女性为0.78‰,男性为39.60‰,男性明显高于女性(U=19.81,P<0.01)。酒精滥用和酒精依赖性障碍以30~39岁、40~49岁、50~59岁患病率最高,分别为24.39‰、20.16‰、28.17‰,Log istic表明男性是最大的危险因素,是女性的48倍。结论酒精滥用和依赖性障碍发病率高、上升趋势明显,已经成为河北省农村精神疾病发病率最高的前4位疾病。     

美国研究称老年男性也易患骨质疏松症

据加拿大《国家邮报》报道，新的医学研究表明，不只是进入更年期的女性易患骨质疏松症，５０岁以上的男性，因内分泌减少，也易患骨质疏松症。报道援引美国骨质疏松症协会的统计数字说，美国约有１０００万人患骨质疏松症，其中１５０万人为男性。报道说，因男性骨质疏松...     

广西百色地区苗族健康女性骨密度及骨质疏松患病率的研究

目的了解广西百色地区苗族健康女性骨峰值(PBM)和骨质疏松(OP)的发病情况。方法选取苗族健康女性506名采用单光子二维骨密度仪检测左侧桡骨、尺骨超远端的骨密度(BMD)值,按年龄进行分组,以5岁作为1个年龄段。结果①百色地区苗族女性骨峰值年龄在40岁以上至45岁。②苗族桡骨、尺骨PBM值(g/cm2)分别为0.3347±0.0490、0.3340±0.0585。③60岁后OP患病率为25.23%。结论应用二维骨密度超远端测定,获得百色地区苗族正常女性PBM,对骨质松症的诊治具有重要意义。老年人有较高的骨质疏松检出率,他们是骨质疏松性骨折的高危人群。     

北京市城乡中年人高血压流行情况及危险因素分析

 目的 对比研究北京城市和农村高血压的流行情况及其危险因素。方法 于2005年采用整群抽样的方法,在北京市城市和农村的40～65岁人群中对3268人中进行问卷和体检。诊断标准依据2005年中国高血压防治指南。多因素分析采用Logistic回归方法。结果 农村高血压的患病率为55.58%,显著高于城市的42.91%(P<0.05)。城市男性和女性高血压的患病率为49.54%和38.52%,显著低于农村男性和女性的57.68%和54.17% (P值均小于0.05)。不同性别多因素分析显示,年龄、BMI、腰围、空腹血糖、文化程度为男性的危险因素,年龄、BMI、腰围、职业、甘油三酯为女性的危险因素。结论 农村人群高血压患病率快速上升。主要危险因素有体质指数和腰围。     

深圳市体检人群代谢综合症及其相关危险因素的分析

目的探讨深圳市体检人群不同性别、年龄组代谢综合症（MS）诊断及其相关危险因素流行病学分布特点。方法按照2004年中华医学会推荐诊断标准,对收集到的8884名体检人员的体重、身高、血压、空腹血糖及血脂进行不同性别、年龄组MS诊断及其相关危险因素流行病学分布特点分析。结果 MS患病人数1412,总患病率为15.89%,其中男性患病率为19.98%,女性患病率为11.52%,患病率在50岁之前,男性明显高于女性,61岁以后女性高于男性,差异均有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。高血压患病率男女分别为21.90%、15.17%,高空腹血糖患病率男女分别为7.10%、4.73%,高甘油三酯（TG）患病率男女分别为44.32%、22.10%,高BMI患病率男女分别为39.07%、18.32%,均为男性高于女性,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。高甘油三酯血症、肥胖患病率最高;各代谢危险因素间有相关性（P〈0.001）。结论深圳市体检人群MS患病率高,特别是青年男性、老年女性,主要危险因素为高甘油三酯血症、肥胖。     

中老年女性骨代谢指标与骨质疏松的相关性研究

目的 分析骨代谢指标与骨质疏松的关系,为骨质疏松的防治提供流行病学依据。方法 采取随机分层抽样方法,选取2018年1月~5月来我院健康体检的30~90岁的成年女性400名。采用双能X线吸收测量仪（DEXA）测量腰椎及左侧股骨骨密度,由调查人员对所有体检对象进行问卷调查,同时收集清晨空腹血检测血常规、肝肾功、骨吸收指标TRAP-5b、CTX、 N-MID及骨形成指标BAP、PⅠNP等资料,进行统计学分析。结果 ①我院30岁以上女性骨质疏松的检出率为55.28%;②骨质疏松人群平均年龄为（63.54±9.40）岁,大于骨量减少人群的（49.42±9.51）岁和骨量正常人群的（44.14±6.71）岁,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;年龄与骨密度存在相关性;③骨质疏松人群TRAP-5b、CTX、BAP水平大于骨量减少和骨量正常人群,均与骨密度存在相关性;N-MID、PⅠNP在骨质疏松人群、骨量减少和骨量正常人群中比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,与骨密度无相关性;④年龄升高是骨质疏松的危险因素,而超重和肥胖可能是骨质疏松的保护因素。⑤以年龄＞55岁来预测骨质疏松的敏感性和特异性分别为82.52%,81.48%;而以BAP＞17.7 μg/L来预测骨质疏松的敏感性和特异性分别为53.84%,73.65%。结论 中老年女性骨质疏松的检出率较高,年龄升高是骨质疏松的危险因素,骨密度与骨代谢指标TRAP-5b、CTX、BAP呈负相关。     

Prevalence and geographic disparity of depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly in China

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the prevalence of and risk factors for depressive symptoms among middle-aged and elderly Chinese in northern and southern China. METHODS: A population-based cross-sectional survey was performed in Beijing and Shanghai. Participants included 3289 community residents aged 50-70. Socio-demographic, lifestyle and health-related information were obtained by a standardized questionnaire. Clinically relevant depressive symptoms were assessed by the Center for Epidemiological Studies of Depression Scale (CES-D). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms in the total study population was 9.5% (6.7% for men and 11.7% for women), and it was significantly higher in participants from Beijing than those from Shanghai (14.9% vs. 4.1%, P < 0.001). Multivariate logistic regression analyses indicated that this geographic disparity was independent of gender, age, marital status, living status, education level, health status, mobility, social activities and medical insurance (odds ratio, 3.94; 95% confidence interval, 2.86-5.40). LIMITATIONS: No clinical diagnostic validation was performed and the prevalence might be underestimated due to our exclusion criteria. CONCLUSIONS: Approximately one in ten middle-aged and elderly Chinese might suffer from depressive symptoms. Furthermore, the prevalence is substantially higher among residents in the north of China compared to the south. Prospective studies are required to confirm the results and identify the major risk factors contributing to this geographic disparity.     

HIV-1 infection in Juba,Southern Sudan

Thirty years of civil war in the Sudan have resulted in the isolation of the southern provinces which border Central and East Africa. Consequently, little is known about the epidemiology of HIV-1 infection in this region. To estimate the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in southern Sudan and the risk factors associated with disease transmission, a seroepidemiologic survey was conducted in the township of Juba. Study subjects invited to participate in this study included medical outpatients, inpatients hospitalized for active tuberculosis, and female prostitutes. A total of 401 subjects participated in the study. HIV-1 infection was confirmed in 25 subjects. The prevalence of HIV-1 infection was 19% (8/42) among tuberculosis patients, 16% (8/50) among prostitutes, and 3% (9/309) among outpatients. A significantly higher prevalence of HIV-1 infection was found among female prostitutes when compared to female outpatients: 16% (8/50) vs. 2% (4/178), P< 0.001. Correspondingly, the prevalence of seropositives was significantly higher among male outpatients reporting a history of sexual relations with prostitutes during the prior 10 years compared to male outpatients denying relations with prostitutes: 14% (5/37) vs. 0% (0/94), P = 0.001. A history of a sexually transmitted disease (STD) was also associated with HIV-1 infection among male outpatients. The findings of this study indicate that HIV-1 infection is highly prevalent in southern Sudan and that prostitutes and their sexual partners represent a major reservoir of HIV infection in this population. This epidemiologic pattern resembles that seen in the African nations neighboring southern Sudan. Further spread of HIV-1 to northern Sudan could occur because of the movement of military personnel and refugees between the North and South of Sudan. © 1995 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

Gender differences in the effect of obesity on chronic diseases among the elderly Koreans

The objective of this study is to investigate gender differences of obesity on major chronic diseases in elderly Korean males and females. This study applied a cross sectional design using the 2005 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHNES). We selected 508 elderly males and 830 elderly females who were 60 or more years old. Obesity was defined using Body Mass Index (BMI) (≥ 25) or Waist Circumference (WC) (≥ 90 for men and ≥ 85 for women). We applied a surveylogistic regression to determine gender differences in relation to the effect of obesity on eleven major chronic diseases. Using WC, 46.2% of females were obese compared to 34.3% for males. Similarly, using BMI, 42.2% of females were obese compared to 31.7% for males. While obese males and females had similar profiles for developing metabolic syndrome components including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and diabetes (odds ratios [ORs] were 1.8-2.6 for males and 1.7-2.5 for females), obese elderly females had additional risks for arthritis and urinary incontinence (ORs 1.5-1.8 for females) as well as higher prevalence for these diseases. A clearer understanding of gender differences in relation to the association between obesity and chronic diseases would be helpful for reducing the social burden of chronic diseases in the elderly.     

Prevalence of osteoporosis in middle Anatolian population using calcaneal ultrasonography method

BACKGROUND: There are a few studies on the prevalence of osteoporosis in Turkey. Most of such studies have been performed using classical diagnostic methods. Quantitative calcaneal ultrasonography is a contemporary procedure used in the diagnosis of osteoporosis. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study is to determine the prevalence of the osteoporosis and risk factors in middle Anatolian population aged more than 40, using quantitative calcaneal ultrasonography. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: The present study was carried out in rural and urban areas of primary health care units. Evaluation of skeletal status was based on calcaneal quantitative ultrasound measurement, carried out by the Sahara Clinical Bone Sonometer (Hologic Waltham, MA, USA). RESULTS: There were 1437 individuals, 866 were females (60.3%) and 571 were males (39.7%), aged in between 40 and 89 years. Standardized prevalence rates using Segi's population were found to be 14.0% in total, 17.1% in female and 9.2% in male. Osteoporosis prevalence increased with increasing ages. The highest prevalence value was determined in the individuals older than 70 years of age. Osteoporosis was more common among women compared to men. Osteoporosis prevalence increased in consistent with a decrease in the amount of milk, yoghurt and cheese consumption. CONCLUSION: Based on current study, it is concluded that osteoporosis is an important health problem. Requiring health education about life styles (activity and nutrition) to avoid and even control osteoporosis.     

Seasonality of suicide in Singapore: data from the equator

BACKGROUND: Studies in the northern and southern hemispheres consistently identify seasonal patterns in suicidal deaths. In many such studies, bimodal yearly peaks have been described for females as against unimodal ones for males. The current study examines the monthly variation in suicidal deaths in Singapore to determine if any seasonal patterns exist in an equatorial region. METHODS: Monthly suicidal death data over the decade 1989-98 were examined for the whole sample and for gender- and age-specific subgroups. Both von Mises' distribution and harmonic analysis techniques were used to interpret the data. RESULTS: Among the 2013 male and 1382 female suicides, there was minimal variation in patterning of suicidal deaths. We found a weak suggestion of a later peak for the females in mid-May as opposed to mid-February for the males, and the peaks for those less than 25 years of age were 5-6 months later than for the older age groups. The magnitude of all peaks was, however, very small suggesting chance variation. The harmonic analyses confirmed that patterning was 'randomly' rather than 'seasonally' determined. CONCLUSION: In an equatorial region, there was no evidence of any 'seasonal' patterning of suicidal deaths.     

Prevalence of insomnia in the adult Norwegian population.

A representative adult sample (18 years and above) of the Norwegian population, comprising 2001 subjects, participated in telephone interviews, focusing on the one-month point prevalence of insomnia and use of prescribed hypnotics. Employment of DSM-IV inclusion criteria of insomnia yielded a prevalence rate of 11.7%. Logistic regression analysis performed on the different insomnia symptoms revealed that somatic and psychiatric health were the strongest predictors of insomnia, whereas gender, age, and socioeconomic status showed a more inconsistent relationship. Use of prescribed hypnotic drugs was reported by 6.9% and was related to being female, elderly, and having somatic and emotional problems. Sleep onset problems and daytime impairment were more common during winter compared to summer. Use of hypnotics was more common in the southern (rather than the northern) regions of Norway. For sleep onset problems a Season x Region interaction was found, indicating that the prevalence of sleep onset problems increased in southern Norway from summer to winter, while the opposite pattern was found in the northern regions. The importance of clinically adequate criteria and seasonal variation in the evaluation of insomnia is briefly discussed.     

Associations between waist circumference and depressive disorders

BACKGROUND: Previous research has suggested that abdominal obesity and mental disorders are associated. This paper was initiated to investigate associations between unfavourable waist circumference (WC) and mental disorders in a representative sample of German adults. METHODS: 4181 individuals (aged 18-65 years) took part in a physical examination (including measurement of body weight and WC) and a structured psychological interview (M-CIDI) to evaluate mental disorders. RESULTS: An unfavourable WC (males: 26.9%; females: 31.3%) was highly prevalent. However, unfavourable WC and mental disorders were not associated, neither with regard to the prevalence of any mental disorder nor regarding in particular depressive disorders. Moreover, even middle-aged depressive women that have often been assumed to be at high risk of increased visceral fat did not show more unfavourable WCs than their non-depressed, female counterparts. LIMITATIONS: The main limitation is that the co-occurrence of mental disorders and obesity was recorded but not, if obesity was related to the onset of mental problems. CONCLUSION: From an epidemiologic perspective, it is not possible to prove associations between WC and mental disorders. Patients with unfavourable waist circumferences do not show a higher prevalence of depressive disorders.     

中国西部地区蒙古族的身体组成成分

目的 探讨西部蒙古族4个族群的身体组成成分特点。方法 采用生物电阻抗分析法测量青海和硕特部361（男性166,女性195）例、新疆察哈尔部443（男性217,女性226）例、新疆土尔扈特部239（男性112,女性127）例、阿拉善和硕特部233（男性89,女性144）例西部蒙古族4个族群18项身体组成成分指标,采用主成分分析探讨中国西部蒙古族身体组成成分的特点。结果 得出了西部蒙古族4个族群的身体组成成分数据。绝大多数指标性别间差异具有统计学意义,女性躯干、四肢的脂肪率较高,男性肌肉量较大。主成分分析表明,与中国南方族群相比,中国北方族群骨量更大,肌肉更发达,脂肪发育水平更高。在主成分散点图上,中国西部蒙古族与其他族群距离较远,表明西部蒙古族身体组成成分具有独特的特点。结论 在中国族群中,西部蒙古族骨量大,肌肉发达,体脂率高。     

广西仫佬族成人皮下脂肪发育趋势的研究

目的研究广西罗城仫佬族成人皮下脂肪的发育现状及年龄变化趋势。方法采用人体测量法调查了410例(男167,女243)仫佬族成人的肱三头肌位、肩胛下位、髂前上棘位和腓肠肌位共4项皮褶厚度状况,分析了仫佬族男女皮褶厚度随年龄变化的特点。结果①仫佬族成人躯干部的皮下脂肪厚于四肢部,其中背部脂肪最厚;②4项皮褶厚度值女性均高于男性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);③男女性皮下脂肪的发育随第二性征的发育成熟而达到高峰,女性优先于男性;④四肢的脂肪含量男女均以青年期最高,而躯干的脂肪发育略有不同,男性以中年早期含量最高,女性在青年期达到高峰后稍下降再上升并维持在较高水平;⑤仫佬族男女皮下脂肪的发育总体劣于我国的北方民族,优于侗族、壮族等南方民族。结论广西仫佬族成人皮下脂肪的发育在我国各民族中属中等水平,结果可为仫佬族的体成分研究及疾病预防提供基础数据。