银杏叶提取物对转化生长因子β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响及其机制

目的:研究银杏叶提取物(extract of ginkgo biloba,EGB)对转化生长因子β1(transforming growth factor-β1 TGF-β1)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞HK2(human tubular epithelial cells)转分化的影响及其机制。方法:复苏并传代培养HK2细胞,应用10μg/LTGF-β1诱导HK2细胞向间充质的转分化,给予EGB干预。应用West-ern印记法检测HK2细胞E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin,α-SMA)、NADPH氧化酶p67phox以及超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase,SOD)的表达,检测细胞培养液上清中丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)的含量。结果:EGB显著抑制TGF-β1诱导的E-cadherin下调(P<0.05)和α-SMA上调(P<0.05);EGB显著抑制TGF-β1诱导的p67phox表达增加(P<0.05),显著抑制TGF-β1诱导的SOD表达降低(P<0.05);同时,TGF-β1显著促进了MDA的产生(P<0.05),EGB可以部分抑制TGF-β1刺激的MDA浓度的升高(P<0.05)。结论:EGB显著抑制TGF-β1诱导的HK2细胞转分化,其机制可能是EGB抑制了TGF-β1诱导的p67phox上调并上调SOD的表达。     

结缔组织生长因子在转化生长因子β诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的作用

目的：探讨结缔组织生长因子（CTGF）在转化生长因子-β1（TGF-β1）诱导的肾小管上皮细胞表型转化中的可能作用。方法： 将NRK52E肾小管上皮细胞分组处理，光镜、扫描电镜、透射电镜观察细胞形态的改变，细胞免疫组化检测ɑ-平滑肌肌动蛋白（α-SMA）和细胞角蛋白-18的表达，RT-PCR和Western blot检测Ⅰ型胶原的表达。 结果：TGF-β1 10 μg/L作用3 d，NRK52E小管上皮细胞失去正常的椭圆形，变得肥大，胞体拉长，扫描电镜下，见成纤维细胞状，失去上皮细胞特有的顶端-基底极性和表面的微绒毛结构，透射电镜下胞浆中见到微丝和致密体结构，骨架标志上肾小管上皮细胞较具特征性的细胞角蛋白-18表达减少,肌成纤维细胞标志性的α-SMA表达增多，Ⅰ型胶原分泌增多；加入TGF-β1中和抗体和CTGF反义寡核苷酸可以大部分阻断TGF-β的作用，而正义的CTGF寡核苷酸不能阻断TGF-β的作用。 结论： NRK52E细胞中，CTGF作为TGF-β的下游效应因子，介导了TGF-β诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化。     

Notch1在TGF-β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞转分化中的表达和意义

目的:探讨Notch1蛋白及其mRNA在TGF-β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞转分化(KTECT)中的动态表达及意义.方法:以体外培养的人近端肾小管上皮细胞株( HK-2)为研究对象,实验分为空白对照组及TGF-β1( 10 ng/mL)诱导组.加入TGF-β1作用后分别于12 h、24h、48 h及72 h在倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态的变化;用细胞免疫组化染色法检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白( α-SMA)、E-钙黏连素(E-cadherin)和Notch1蛋白表达的变化;用RT-PCR法检测α-SMA mRNA、Ecadherin mRNA和Notch1 mRNA表达的变化.结果:与空白对照组相比较,在加入TGF-β1作用后12 h、24h、48 h及72h,TGF-β1诱导组α-SMA蛋白及其mRNA表达明显增加(P＜0 05);Notch1蛋白及其mRNA在TGF-β1作用后的24h、48h、72 h表达逐渐增加(P＜0.05);E-cadherin蛋白及其mRNA表达在24h、48 h、72 h明显减少(P＜0.05);Notch1蛋白及其mRNA的表达与E-cadherin蛋白及其mRNA的表达呈负相关(r蛋白=-0.937;rmRNA=-0.921;假设检验结果(P＜0.05),与α-SMA蛋白及其mRNA的表达呈正相关(r蛋白=0.958;rmRNA=0.944;假设检验结果(P＜0.05).结论:Notch1极有可能参与了TGF-β1诱导的KTECT.     

银杏叶提取物对转化生长因子β1诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响及其机制

目的：研究银杏叶提取物(extract of ginkgo biloba, EGB)对转化生长因子β₁(transforming growth factor-β₁ TGF-β₁)诱导的人肾小管上皮细胞HK2(human tubular epithelial cells)转分化的影响及其机制。方法:复苏并传代培养HK2细胞，应用10 μg/L TGF-β₁诱导HK2细胞向间充质的转分化，给予EGB干预。应用Western印记法检测HK2细胞E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)、α- 平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-smooth muscle actin, α-SMA)、NADPH氧化酶p67phox以及超氧化物歧化酶（superoxide dismutase, SOD）的表达，检测细胞培养液上清中丙二醛（malondialdehyde, MDA）的含量。结果:EGB显著抑制TGF-β₁诱导的E-cadherin下调(P＜0.05)和α-SMA上调(P＜0.05)； EGB显著抑制TGF-β₁诱导的p67phox表达增加(P＜0.05)，显著抑制TGF-β₁诱导的SOD表达降低(P＜0.05);同时，TGF-β₁显著促进了MDA的产生(P＜0.05),EGB可以部分抑制TGF-β₁刺激的MDA浓度的升高(P＜0.05)。结论:EGB显著抑制TGF-β₁诱导的HK2细胞转分化，其机制可能是EGB 抑制了TGF-β₁诱导的p67phox上调并上调SOD的表达。     

白细胞介素1β诱导肾小管上皮细胞转分化及其对细胞骨架的影响

目的:观察白细胞介素1β(IL-1β)诱导肾小管上皮细胞转分化及其对细胞骨架的调节作用。方法:选择永生化的大鼠肾小管上皮细胞株NRK52E,经体外培养后以IL-1β(30μg/L)分别诱导3天及6天,观察细胞形态;RT-PCR半定量检测细胞α-平滑肌动蛋白(α-SMA)和细胞骨架成分β-actin、α-tubulin的mRNA表达;免疫荧光染色观察α-SMA蛋白表达及骨架蛋白β-actin、α-tubulin在细胞内的分布及排列。结果:培养的NRK52E细胞经IL-1β体外诱导3天及6天后,细胞中α-SMA mRNA及蛋白表达水平与相应的对照组细胞比较明显增多(P0.001),提示NRK52E上皮细胞出现了表型转化,此时培养细胞的形态也发生了改变,由典型的多边铺路石样变为成纤维细胞样,并有多个突起,细胞骨架蛋白β-actin mRNA的表达也稍有增多(P0.05);其蛋白的分布排列也发生了改变,由胞膜转移至核周及胞浆,形成束状纤维样结构。但IL-1β诱导组细胞的另一个骨架蛋白α-tubulin mRNA表达和分布与对照组比较无明显不同。结论:IL-1β能够诱导体外培养的NRK52E细胞转分化,此过程中细胞形态变为成纤维细胞样,多突起;骨架蛋白β-actin也表达增加,并出现了骨架重建;而α-tubulin在此过程中则没有明显变化。     

甲状旁腺素对人肾小管上皮细胞转分化和TGF-β1表达的影响

目的:通过观察甲状旁腺素(PIH)对体外培养的人肾小管上皮细胞转分化和转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)表达的影响,以探讨PTH在肾间质纤维化发病机制中的作用.方法:体外培养人近端肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2),分别用不同浓度的PTH(10-12、10-11、10-10、10-9、10-8 mol/L)作用于HK-2细胞48 h,以及10-8 mol /L作用于HK-2细胞不同时间(12、24、48、72 h).应用RT-PCR法检测HK-2细胞内α-SMA、TGF-β1 mRNA表达水平,免疫细胞化学法检测HK-2细胞表达α-SMA阳性细胞百分数,Western blot法检测细胞内α-SMA的蛋白表达水平.结果:(1)RT-PCR结果表明,PTH呈剂量和时间依赖性地促进HK-2细胞α-SMA、TGF-β1 mRNA的表达(P＜0.01),且两者之间呈正相关(P＜0.05).(2)免疫细胞化学结果表明,PTH可增加表达α-SMA阳性的HK-2细胞百分数,且呈剂量和时间依赖性(P＜0.05).(3)Western blot结果表明,PTH 可增加HK-2细胞α-SMA的蛋白表达量,也呈剂量和时间依赖性(P＜0.01).结论:PTH可通过促进肾小管上皮细胞转分化以及TGF-β1的表达促进肾小管间质纤维化.     

锌离子对TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化的影响及机制

目的研究锌离子对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化(EMT)的影响。方法常规培养肾小管上皮细胞、传代、分组:①正常对照组;②TGF-β1组(10ng/ml TGF-β1作用48h);③ZnSO_4作用组(30μM ZnSO_4作用24h后,加10ng/ml TGF-β1作用48h)。采用相差显微镜观察各组细胞表型改变,免疫荧光及Western blotting方法检测波形蛋白(vimentin)、上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)、Ⅰ型胶原酶(collagenⅠ)蛋白表达。应用Western blotting检测p-Akt蛋白表达。结果 TGF-β1可以导致肾小管上皮细胞vimentin、collagenⅠ和p-Akt蛋白表达增高,使E-cadherin蛋白表达降低。ZnSO_4作用后可有效降低由TGF-β1导致的肾小管上皮细胞vimentin、collagenⅠ及p-Akt的高表达,同时使E-cadherin蛋白表达增多。结论 ZnSO_4阻抑TGF-β1所致的肾小管上皮细胞的EMT,其作用可能与PI-3K/Akt信号通路相关。     

转化生长因子β1抑制人肾小管上皮细胞的增殖

背景：慢性肾衰竭进展过程中的一个重要病理改变是炎症和纤维化,主要包括肾小球和肾小管的炎症和纤维化。目前大多数研究主要集中于肾小球,对于肾小管病变的研究相对较少。但实际上部分疾病的肾小管病变出现在肾小球病变之前,其对于疾病预后更具有指导意义。 目的：观察转化生长因子β1对人类肾小管上皮细胞HK-2增殖的影响,探索转化生长因子β1在肾小管炎症和纤维化方面的作用。 方法：将传代培养的HK-2细胞分成空白对照组和转化生长因子β1作用组,分别使用DMEM/F12培养液,以及含转化生长因子β1(2,5,10 μg/L)的DMEM/F12培养液培养,在倒置显微镜下观察各组细胞形态的改变,并使用MTT法检测细胞增殖情况。 结果与结论：转化生长因子β1能显著抑制人肾小管上皮细胞的增殖,并促使细胞向纤维样改变,与空白对照组相比差异有显著性意义(P < 0.05),其抑制增殖作用并不随转化生长因子β1质量浓度的增大而显著增强,作用时间可持续至72 h。结果可见转化生长因子β1能够抑制人肾小管上皮细胞的增殖,并具有促进肾间质纤维化的作用。     

小檗碱对TGF-β1诱导的肾小管上皮细胞转分化及TGF-β/Smad通路的影响

目的研究小檗碱(BBr)对转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)诱导的肾小管上皮细胞(NRK-52E)转分化(EMT)及TGF-β/Smad通路的影响。方法常规培养肾小管上皮细胞、传代、分组:1正常对照组;2TGF-β1组(10ng/ml TGF-β1作用48h);3小檗碱作用组(30μM小檗碱作用24h后加10ng/ml TGF-β1作用48h)。采用相差显微镜观察各组细胞表型改变,免疫荧光及Western Blot方法检测α平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)、上皮钙黏素(E-cadherin)、Smad2、Smad3、磷酸化的Smad2、3(P-Smad2、3)蛋白表达;应用流式细胞术,采用活性氧自由基(ROS)检测试剂盒检测各组别的ROS蛋白表达情况。结果 TGF-β1处理可导致NRK-52E细胞的α-SMA蛋白表达明显升高,E-cadherin蛋白表达降低。而小檗碱处理能够减少肾小管上皮细胞α-SMA的高表达,提高E-cadherin蛋白的表达;同时,小檗碱可有效降低由TGF-β1引起的NRK-52E细胞中ROS的过多产生。此外,小檗碱可有效抑制Smad2/3的活化。结论小檗碱可逆转TGF-β1所致的肾小管上皮细胞的EMT,其作用机制可能是通过抑制氧化应激及TGF-β/Smad信号通路而发挥作用。     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

目的 探讨结缔组织生长因子(CTGF)对肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的影响.方法 体外培养的人肾小管上皮细胞(HK-2),按是否用CTGF处理将其分为实验组和对照组.直接免疫荧光法、间接免疫化学检测培养72 h后肾小管上皮细胞E-cadherin、波形蛋白、α-平滑肌肌动蛋白((α-SMA)、细胞外信号调节激酶2(ERK2)的表达;Western blot方法 在72 h检测E-cadherin、波形蛋白和ERK2的表达;Boyden小室在1、3、5 d检测细胞迁移能力的变化.结果 (1)实验组上皮细胞表型标志蛋白E-cadherin随着时间的延长而表达递减,波形蛋白表达渐增,ERK2表达上调;(2)在第1天,实验组与对照组细胞迁移能力差异无统计学意义,第3天实验组迁移至滤膜下面细胞多于对照组,第5天实验组细胞迁移数明显高于对照组[(45.0±1.1):(14.0±1.2),P<0.05].结论 在体外,人肾小管上皮细胞由CTGF刺激表现出向间充质细胞转化的特性,并且ERK2信号转导通路可能参与了对这一过程的调控效应.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.     

结缔组织生长因子诱导人肾小管上皮细胞向间充质细胞转化的实验研究

Objective To investigate the role of connective tissue growth factor ( CTGF) in epithelial mesenchymal transition of HK-2 cells in vitro.Methods HK-2 cells were randomly divided into two groups; (1) control group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum only; and (2) experimental group including cells cultured in DMEM medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and recombinant CTGF at a final concentration of 5 p-g/L The cells were collected at 72 h time points.Direct immunoiluorescence staining and immunohistochemistry were used to evaluate the E-cadherin,Vimentin,α-SMA and ERK2 in cells.Western-blotting was used to detect the E-cadherin,Vimentin and ERK2 protein expression.Boyden Chamber was used to detect the migration of tubular endothelium at 1 d,3 d and S d.Results There were less E-cadherin but more Vimentin expressed in cells of the experimental group.The presence of α-SMA was detected at 48 h with peak at 72 h in the cells of the experimental group.On the first day,the cellular migration in the two groups showed no difference.However,after 3 days,the transformed cells migrated surpassed the control group with peak at the 5th day [ (45.0±1.1) : (14.0±1.2),P < 0.05 ) ].Conclusion Connective tissue growth factor induces mesenchymal transformation of HK-2 cells,in which the ERK2 signaling pathway may play an important role.