快速穿刺植管法腹膜透析抢救老年急性肾功能衰竭

老年急性肾功能衰竭患者应用血液透析方法救治,死亡率仍较高。我院于1987年9月至1994年1月采用经皮穿刺快速植入腹膜透析管方法救治30例老年急性肾性功能衰竭患者,明显提高了成功率,降低死亡率,优于血液透析组,报道如下。1 临床资料1.1 对象 全部选择中毒性急性肾衰患者。随机分为治疗组(快速植管腹膜透析组)及对照组(血液透析组)。治疗组30例,男22例,女8例。年龄60～73岁,平均66岁。药物中     

腹膜透析治疗成人心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭(附125例报告)

目的评价成人心脏外科手术后急性肾功能衰竭腹膜透析治疗的效果。方法回顾性分析1997年1月-2007年11月125例成人心脏外科手术后急性肾功能衰竭行腹膜透析治疗患者的临床资料,分析透析前后血尿素氮、肌酐、钾离子和白蛋白的变化。结果共行心脏手术8451例,术后出现肾功能衰竭358例,发生率为4·4%,其中行腹膜透析治疗者125例,占手术总数的1·5%。117例患者腹膜透析后1d钾离子恢复正常,透析后3d尿素氮(10·5±3·6mmol/L)、肌酐(129·3±41·6μmol/L)较透析前明显下降(P<0·05)。透析时间为5～30d(13·8±7·2d),68例存活,肾功能1周内明显改善者13例,2周内改善者33例;8例由于透析后效果不佳,肌酐或血钾呈进行性上升,行持续肾替代治疗,其中3例在2～5周后肾功能恢复;2例在透析期间发生严重的低蛋白血症。57例死亡,死亡率为45·6%,其中31例死于多脏器功能衰竭(MOF)。引起MOF的主要原因是持续低心排后贯序发生呼衰、肝衰甚至DIC等。结论腹膜透析是治疗成人心脏手术后急性肾功能衰竭的有效方法,尤其适用于存在术后低心排危险的患者,且宜尽早进行。     

腹膜后纤维化致急性肾功能衰竭(附2例报告)

目的　总结腹膜后纤维化的临床特征 ,以提高对其的早期诊、治水平。方法　通过文献复习对 2例腹膜后纤维化致急性肾功能衰竭的诊断、治疗和预后进行回顾性分析。结果　原发性腹膜后纤维化致急性肾功能衰竭 1例 ,采用带蒂大网膜包裹治疗 ,随访 9月 ,肾功能正常。继发性腹膜后纤维化致急性肾功能衰竭 1例 ,行肾盂造口 ,肾功能恢复良好 ,6个月后死于癌症广泛转移。结论　逆行肾盂造影是腹膜后纤维化的重要诊断手段 ,确诊需经手术和病理。对继发性腹膜后纤维化应警惕是否合并消化道肿瘤。早期诊断和治疗是减少腹膜后纤维化致急性肾功能衰竭的关键。带蒂大网膜包裹术是有效的治疗方法。     

床旁置管腹透抢救伴有出血的急性肾功能衰竭36例分析

我科近10年来针对伴有出血的急性肾功能衰竭(ARF),采取床旁置入腹膜透析管进行腹透,共36例,报告如下。1 临床资料1.1 病例 36例中男性22例,女性14例,年龄19～76岁,平均39.11岁。原发病为:肾综合征出血热17例,蘑菇中毒8例,鱼胆中毒5例,败血症2例,外伤2例,急进型肾炎1例,原发性小血管炎1例。     

急性肾功能衰竭肾脏穿刺活检的体会

1一般资料本院自 1991～ 1997年共收治急性肾功能衰竭 (ＡＲＦ)病人 37例 ,其中做肾穿刺活检 19例 ,男 11例 ,女 8例 ,年龄 7～ 5 9岁。临床表现呈少尿型 8例 ,非少尿型 11例。肾穿刺前检验 :Ｃｒ(6 6 0 .8± 30 3.2 ) μｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,ＢＵＮ(35 .8±19 .0 )ｍｍｏｌ/Ｌ ,ＣＣｒ(2 1.5± 2 0 .3)ｍｌ/ｍｉｎ ,Ｈｂ(98.1± 39.8)ｇ/Ｌ ,ＲＣＶ(30 .7± 10 .3) % ,Ｐｌｔ(178± 86 )× 10 9/Ｌ ,少尿时间(12± 8)天 ;6例曾进行过血液透析治疗 ,1例进行过腹膜透析治疗 ;11例Ｂ超检查有肾脏增大。2方　法术前应做好充分准备 ,如检查肝功、肾功、血…     

高原反应致急性肾功能衰竭2例报告

本文对我院近期治疗的2例由于海拔变化所致的急性肾功能衰竭患者报告如下。病例一(病例号:0412507):患者许某,男,19岁,出生和生长于青海省海西州乌兰县柯柯镇(3 100m),40天前由于工作(挖掘机司机)急性迁移至五道梁(4 580m)后而出现心悸、胸闷、伴夜间不能平卧,反复发作。20天“受凉”后出现咳嗽、咯粉红色泡沫样痰;颜面浮肿、少尿;恶心、呕吐、黑便一次。在格尔木市人民医院诊断为“高原性肺水肿”,给予相关治疗,疗效欠佳,于2004年10月26日转入我院。入院后检查:T:36.8℃,R:25次/分,P:80次/分。Bp:120mmHg/90mmHg,急性病容,颜面浮肿,口唇…     

急性肾功能衰竭61例透析治疗体会

1987～1998年,我们采用血液净化技术救治急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)61例,效果较好。1　临床资料1.1　一般情况　本组男41例,女20例;年龄8～77岁,平均40.9岁。肾功能衰竭类型:(1)少尿型47例,占93.4%,少尿和无尿期时间1～63d,多尿期时间2～28d;(2)非少尿型4例,占6.5%。病因:药物所致15例,鱼胆中毒11例,尿路梗阻10例,肾小球疾病5例,急腹症术后3例,产后1例,感染性休克、肾及膀胱肿瘤、食物中毒、急性砷化氢和农药中毒各2例,蜂毒、独肾绞痛、肾血管血栓形成、细菌性痢疾、间日疟、胰头癌和原因未明各1例。并发症有多器官功能不全综合征(MODS)28例,高…     

局麻下二期经皮肾镜取石治疗结石性慢性肾功能不全

目的探讨治疗结石性慢性肾功能不全的有效方法和安全性。方法采用局部浸润麻醉和B超引导下先行一侧或双侧肾穿刺扩张至18F,留置肾造瘘管引流,以后再根据肾功能和贫血情况的改善,行局麻下二期经皮肾镜取石术。共治疗65例,男40例,女25例。结石直径1.2～6.5 cm,平均3.5 cm。术前血肌酐160～2180μmol/L,平均630μmol/L;血红蛋白49～108 g/L,平均89 g/L。结果 65例都采用单通道取石,1次取石28例,2次取石26例,3次取石9例,4次取石2例,结石取净率92%。术后血肌酐119～794μmol/L,平均270μmol（仅有5例血肌酐〉400μmol/L）;血红蛋白68～120 g/L,平均105 g/L。住院15～97 d,平均36 d。治疗期间无需辅以腹透或血透。无术中、术后大出血或中转开放手术,无水中毒。结论局麻下二期经皮肾镜取石治疗结石性慢性肾功能不全,是一种简单、安全、经济、有效的治疗方法,风险小、并发症少,术后经随访多数病人肾功能都得到了不同程度的改善,无需再作透析治疗。     

Assessment of acute renal allograft dysfunction by MRI diffusion techniques

Aim

To assess the role of DW MRI and ADC in acute allograft renal dysfunction as a possible alternative for graft biopsy.

经皮肾穿刺活检术在急性肾衰竭患者诊治中的作用

目的探讨经皮肾穿刺活检术(PRB)对急性肾功能衰竭(ARF)病因诊断及治疗方案的影响,进一步提高ARF的诊疗水平。方法收集南方医院1992年11月至2007年12月的176例ARF患者,均符合48h内血肌酐(SCr)上升≥26·5μmol/L;SCr增长≥50%;尿量<0·5ml/(kg·h)持续6h的临床ARF诊断标准。回顾性分析行PRB前后的病因诊断及治疗方案修订情况。结果PRB术后病因诊断率由术前的64·2%(113/176)提高至96·6%(170/176)。PRB前后病因诊断符合率95·6%(108/113),病因诊断错误率4·4%(5/113)。170例患者经PRB后确诊为ARF,6例临床误诊为ARF的患者经PRB后修正诊断为慢性肾功能不全(CRI)。术后有47·2%(83/176)的患者治疗方案得到了补充,5·6%(10/176)的患者更改了治疗方案,治疗方案修正率合计52·8%(93/176)。PRB后确诊了8例IgA肾病患者,其中1例明确为由IgA肾病慢性迁延为CRI,6例为ARF合并IgA肾病,1例为IgA肾病引发新月体形成从而导致ARF,占ARF发病率的0·6%(1/170)。结论PRB对明确ARF病因诊断,及时明确治疗方案和判断预后有重要意义。     

超声引导下经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇治疗单纯性肾囊肿

目的评价超声引导下经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇治疗单纯性肾囊肿的效果。方法46例单纯性肾囊肿患者(男性26例,女性20例,平均年龄65岁)均经超声引导经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇硬化治疗。全部操作是在局部麻醉下完成的。治疗后,全部病人经超声或CT随访1至6个月。囊肿与治疗前比较,减小2/3以上为有效,完全消失为治愈。结果46个囊肿中,2个囊肿抽出液蛋白定性试验阴性,抽液后未注入无水乙醇,其余44个囊肿于治后1,3,6个月呈进行性缩小,6个月时复查有效率为100%,治愈率为90.6%。结论超声引导经皮穿刺抽吸和注射无水乙醇是治疗单纯性肾囊肿的一种操作简单、痛苦小、费用低、安全有效的方法,值得临床推广应用。     

血液透析抢救外科休克伴急性肾功能衰竭

回顾分析12例外科休克伴急性肾功能衰竭患者的临床资料。认为出现急性肾功能衰竭的外科休克采取积极的血液透析,为患者提供了赖以生成的内环境,能显著提高疗效。     

Is percutaneous microwave ablation of liver tumor safe for patients with renal dysfunction

Purpose

To determine the safety of percutaneous microwave ablation of primary and metastatic liver tumor for patients with renal dysfunction.

Materials and methods

Fifty primary and metastatic liver tumors in 23 patients with renal dysfunction were retrospectively reviewed at our institution. Renal function was determined by measuring serum creatinine and serum urea before MWA as baseline, within 1 week and at last follow-up. The mean creatinine was 1.69 ± 0.32 mg/dL, 1.71 ± 0.33 mg/dL, and 1.71 ± 0.26 mg/dL respectively, there was not a statistically significant difference between baseline and at last follow-up (P = 0.26). The mean serum urea was 52.52 ± 6.48 mg/dL, 56.55 ± 14.72 mg/dL, and 57.90 ± 16.39 mg/dL respectively, there was not a statistically significant difference between baseline and within 1 week (P = 0.119), between within baseline and at last follow-up (P = 0.090). At the last follow-up examination, all patients had adequately functioning kidneys and did not require any form of renal replacement therapy. This is a small retrospectively study including highly selected patients treated. Therefore, further study should to determine the safety of percutaneous MWA for patients with renal dysfunction in the future.

Conclusions

Percutaneous microwave ablation of primary and metastatic liver tumor is no adverse influence on renal function for patients with renal dysfunction in this preliminary series, which can be a minimally invasive alternative therapy.     

烧伤后急性肾功能衰竭的治疗

目的：总结烧伤后肾功能衰竭的特点，评价治疗效果。方法：对我院烧伤科近7年收治的14例烧伤并发肾衰病例，从临床资料、治疗方法、疗效和预后综合分析。结果：11例经血液净化治疗，9例抢救成功，2例死亡。3例未行血液净化治疗，均死亡。结论：血液滤过是烧伤后肾衰治疗的首选方法，血液净化治疗能显著提高烧伤并发肾衰病人的成活率。     

Restoration of thrombosed Brescia-Cimino dialysis fistulas by using percutaneous transluminal angioplasty

PURPOSE: To evaluate the authors' experience with a technique for management of thrombosed Brescia-Cimino arteriovenous fistula. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty patients with 42 thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas were percutaneously treated. Thrombosis occurred within 24 hours of attempted angioplasty in five fistulas, between 24 and 72 hours in 27, and longer than 72 hours in 10. Thrombosed fistulas were approached in a retrograde fashion followed by direct balloon dilation with 5-8-mm balloon catheters. If retrograde catheterization failed to cross the arterial anastomosis, an antegrade puncture directly into the thrombosed drainage vein close to the anastomosis was performed with ultrasonographic guidance, as an aid to catheterize the arterial inflow. Thrombolytic therapy with infusion of urokinase directly into the thrombus was performed in selected patients with visible thrombus that had compromised blood flow in the partially restored vascular access. Postintervention primary and secondary patency was calculated by using Kaplan-Meier analysis. Patency rates between patients without and with urokinase infusion were examined by using the log-rank test. RESULTS: Anatomic success was achieved in 39 (93%) of 42 fistulas; and clinical patency, in 38 (90%) of 42 fistulas. Postintervention primary and secondary patencies (including initial technical failure) at 6, 12, and 18 months were 81% and 84%, 70% and 80%, and 63% and 80%, respectively. No significance of patency rate between patients without and with urokinase infusion was found (P =.912). Three patients died of unrelated causes at 1, 2, and 5 months after the procedures. No major complications were encountered. CONCLUSION: High anatomic success and excellent clinical patency can be achieved in the salvage of thrombosed arteriovenous fistulas. Percutaneous restoration of arteriovenous fistulas should be attempted before surgical recreation to optimize outcome in patients undergoing hemodialysis.