苦瓜中植物蛋白的研究概况

苦瓜是常见的蔬菜,也有着广泛的药用价值。其中蛋白类成见是极具特色的活性成分,总结了苦瓜中植物蛋白的研究概况。     

Extra-pancreatic effects of Momordica charantia in rats

The extra pancreatic effects of the oral hypoglycaemic plant Momordica charantia have been investigated in rats. It was found that the fruit juice of this plant caused an increased glucose uptake by tissues in vitro without concomitant increase of tissue respiration. Oral treatment with the juice prior to a glucose load was found to increase the glycogen content of liver and muscle while it had no effect on the triglyceride content of adipose tissue. Pretreatment of fasted rats with M. charantia fruit juice had no significant effect on the gluconeogenic capacity of kidney slices. Similar results were obtained with kidney slices pre-incubated with M. charantia fruit juice.     

苦瓜水溶性部位化学成分的研究

目的为揭示苦瓜M om ord ica charantia生理活性的化学物质基础,对其水溶性部位的化学成分进行了研究。方法经聚酰胺、大孔树脂、硅胶、RP-18和Sephadex LH-20反复柱色谱分得并通过波谱分析鉴定了7个化合物。结果分别为:1,2,3,4-四氢-1-甲基-β-咔啉-3-羧酸(1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-1-m ethy l--βcarbo line-3-carboxy licac id,Ⅰ)、腺苷(adenos ine,Ⅱ)、核黄素(riboflav ine,Ⅲ)、苦瓜苷A(m om ord icos ide A,Ⅳ)、苯丙氨酸(pheny la lan ine,Ⅴ)、甘露醇(m ann ito l,Ⅵ)、对羟基苯甲酸葡萄糖酯[1-(4-(hydroxybenzoy l)g lucose,Ⅶ]。结论化合物Ⅰ~Ⅲ及Ⅶ为首次从该植物中分得。化合物Ⅱ具有抗心率失常和心脏镇静活性。     

Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruit of Momordica charantia

The structures of three new cucurbitane-type triterpenoids isolated from the methanol extract of the fruit of Japanese Momordica charantia were established as (19R,23E)-5beta,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23,25-trien-3beta-ol (1), (23E)-3beta-hydroxy-7beta-methoxycucurbita-5,23,25-trien-19-al (2), and (23E)-3beta-hydroxy-7beta,25-dimethoxycucurbita-5,23-dien-19-al (3) on the basis of spectroscopic methods. These compounds were accompanied by the known (19R,23E)-5beta,19-epoxy-19,25-dimethoxycucurbita-6,23-dien-3beta-ol (4) and (19R,23E)-5beta,19-epoxy-19-methoxycucurbita-6,23-diene-3beta,25-diol (5). This is the first report of the isolation of tetracyclic triterpenoids possessing a delta23,25-conjugated diene system, viz., 1 and 2, from a natural source.     

Antihyperglycemic effects of three extracts from Momordica charantia

Momordica charantia (L.) (Cucurbitaceae) commonly known as bitter gourd or karela is a medicinal plant, used in Ayurveda for treating various diseases, one of which is diabetes mellitus. In this study, various extract powders of the fresh and dried whole fruits were prepared and their blood glucose lowering effect compared by administrating them orally to diabetic rats. The aqueous extract powder of fresh unripe whole fruits at a dose of 20mg/kg body weight was found to reduce fasting blood glucose by 48%, an effect comparable to that of glibenclamide, a known synthetic drug. This extract was tested for nephrotoxicity, hepatotoxicity and biochemical parameters such as SGOT, SGPT and lipid profile. The extract did not show any signs of nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity as judged by histological and biochemical parameters. Thus the aqueous extract powder of Momordica charantia, an edible vegetable, appears to be a safe alternative to reducing blood glucose.     

苦瓜的化学成分研究

为寻找降糖活性成分,利用多种层析技术,从苦瓜Ｍｏｍｏｒｄｉｃａ ｃｈａｒａｎｔｉａ果实的醇提物中分得５个化合物。根据包括２Ｄ－ＮＭＲ在内的各种光谱数据,分别鉴定为：苦瓜脑苷（ｍｏｍｏｒ－ｃｅｒｅｂｒｏｓｉｄｅ,Ⅰ）、大豆脑苷Ⅰ（ｓｏｙａ－ｃｅｒｅｂｒｏｓｉｄｅⅠ,Ⅱ）、苦瓜亭（ｃｈａｒａｎｔｉｎ,Ⅲ）、尿嘧啶（ｕｒａｃｉｌ,Ⅳ）及β－谷甾醇。其中化合物Ⅰ、Ⅱ为本属中首次分得;化合物Ⅲ为文献报道的降     

南瓜和苦瓜的生药鉴定

目的 为南瓜和苦瓜的鉴定和开发利用提供科学依据。方法 显微鉴定和理化鉴定。结果 南瓜和苦瓜均有明显的显微和理化鉴别特征。结论 这些特征可作为南瓜和苦瓜鉴别的根据。     

苦瓜的研究进展

综述了近年来有关苦瓜的化学成分、药理作用和临床应用的研究进展。     

Antidiabetic and adaptogenic properties of Momordica charantia extract: An experimental and clinical evaluation

The hypoglycaemic properties of Mormodica charantia (bitter gourd) water extract was tested on alloxan diabetic rats experimentally. A fall of blood sugar after 3 week's treatment with aqueous extract of fruits of the herb was found to be significant (p<0.01). The aqueous extract of fruit was more effective in diabetes (fall of blood sugar 54% after 3 week's therapy) than the powder of the dried fruit (fall 25% nonsignificant). Hypoglycaemic effects in diabetic patients were found to be highly significant (p<0.01) at the end of the trial but were cumulative and gradual, unlike that produced by insulin. Adaptogenic properties are indicated by the delay in the appearance of cataracts, the secondary complications of diabetes and relief in neurological and other common symptoms even before the hypoglycaemia occurred.     

苦瓜化学成分研究进展

依据国内外近20年的文献报道,对苦瓜中化学成分的提取分离方法、来源及结构类型等进行了综述,对其进一步的开发利用提供参考.     

苦瓜蛋白酶抑制剂对苦瓜降糖多肽活性的保护作用

目的 探讨苦瓜蛋白酶抑制剂对苦瓜降糖多肽口服降糖活性的保护作用.方法 单次iv四氧嘧啶80mg/kg给药建立糖尿病小鼠模型.以降糖多肽(20、10、5 mg/kg)iv给药.于0.5、2、4、6、8 h尾静脉取血测定空腹血糖;测定在不同降糖多肽与蛋白酶抑制剂配伍剂量下,ig给药21 d后的空腹血糖值;以降糖作用显著的配伍比例,ig给药7、14、21 d和停止给药7 d后测定血糖.结果 降糖多肽于iv给药4 h后,高、中、低3个剂量均表现出显著降血糖效应(P<0.05、0.01);降糖多肽与抑制剂(300+300)、(100+100)、(100+50)、(100+25)mg/kg 4个配伍剂最组ig给药21 d后表现出显著降血糖效应,且以后两个剂量组ig给药的降血糖作用为更佳,停药7 d后给药组血糖值与模型组无显著差异.结论 苦瓜蛋白酶抑制剂在ig给药过程中能够使苦瓜降糖多肽免遭消化系统的蛋白水解酶破坏而起保护作用,维持其降血糖药效,该作用与两者间的配伍剂量有关.     

苦瓜中皂(甾)苷类化学成分的研究

依据国内外20年的文献报道,对苦瓜中皂(甾)苷类化学成分的来源、提取分离方法、结构类型以及13C-NMR光谱等研究进行了综述,对其进一步的开发利用提供参考。     

Plectranthus: a review of ethnobotanical uses

Plectranthus is a large and widespread genus with a diversity of ethnobotanical uses. The genus is plagued with numerous nomenclatural disharmonies that make it difficult to collate accurate data on the uses. The aim of this review is to gather together all ethnobotanical information on Plectranthus and to map the data onto the most up-to-date phylogenetic classification in order to see if there are similar uses among related species and hence provide a framework for the prediction and exploration of new uses of species. The uses of 62 species of Plectranthus were mapped onto a current phylogeny based on DNA sequence data. The phylogeny reveals two major Clades, 1 and 2. The members of Clade 1 (corresponding to the formally recognized genus Coleus) were richer in number and diversity of uses than members of Clade 2 (comprising the remaining species of Plectranthus). The high incidence of synonymy can lead to problems in uncovering a species' ethnobotanical profile. About 30% of all citations of Plectranthus use a synonym and most of the synonyms are attributed to 10 of the most used species, 9 of which are in Clade 1. Members of the 'Coleus' Clade are the most studied group both taxonomically and economically. The higher incidence of study may be as a result of the higher diversity of uses and the fact that species in Clade 1, such as Plectranthus barbatus, Plectranthus amboinicus and Plectranthus mollis, are geographically more widespread than those in Clade 2. Plectranthus species in Clade 1 are frequently used as medicines and are used to treat a range of ailments, particularly digestive, skin, infective and respiratory problems. Plectranthus used as foods, flavours, fodder and materials are also mostly found in Clade 1. Monoterpenoids, sesquiterpenoids, diterpenoids and phenolics have been reported in species of Plectranthus. The abietane diterpenoids are the most diverse of the diterpenoids isolated from species of Plectranthus. The labdane diterpenoid, forskolin, occurs in Plectranthus barbatus and could explain some of the traditional uses of this species. This review highlights the fact that not enough is known about the chemistry of other species of Plectranthus to explain their traditional uses.     

苦瓜的降血糖作用及活性成分的研究

本文综述了国内外近几年苦瓜鲜品、干品、提取物降血糖的药理作用和机理研究及活性成分的研究情况。     

苦瓜化学成分的研究进展

系统回顾了近40年来苦瓜化学成分研究概况,着重介绍了国内外苦瓜中三萜、甾体及多肽等具显著生理活性的化学成分研究进展。苦瓜含有三萜、甾体类、生物碱、蛋白、有机酸及糖类等多种活性化学成分,具有降血糖、抗肿瘤、抗病毒及抗生育等多种药理活性。     

苦瓜的化学成分研究(Ⅱ)

从葫芦科植物苦瓜MomordicacharantiaL．果实的乙醇提取物中分得4个化合物，经理化和光谱方法鉴定，确定其中3个为四环三萜型葫芦苦素类化合物，即苦瓜素甙F1、G和Ⅰ；另1个为胡萝卜甾醇，系首次从该植物中分得。     

Effect of Momordica charantia fruit juice on streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats

The oral hypoglycaemic activity of Momordica charantia fruit juice was investigated in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Oral administration of the juice (10 ml/kg for 30 days) did not show a significant effect, either acute or cumulative, on the ability to tolerate an external glucose load. The glycosylated haemoglobin concentrations were significantly elevated in both juice-treated and untreated diabetic rats and there was no significant difference between the two groups. Viable beta-cells capable of secreting insulin upon stimulation appear to be required for M. charantia to exert its oral hypoglycaemic activity.     

苦瓜子中植物胰岛素的凝胶柱与RP-HPLC法分离

采用有机酸、醇提取,Sephadex G-50凝胶柱层析、反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)技术分离,从苦瓜子中分离出降糖多肽PA,根据SDS-PAGE电泳和氨基酸组成分析,判定PA为植物胰岛素.     

Cucurbitane-type triterpenoids from the fruits of Momordica charantia and their cancer chemopreventive effects

Thirteen cucurbitane-type triterpene glycosides, including eight new compounds named charantosides I (6), II (7), III (10), IV (11), V (12), VI (13), VII (16), and VIII (17), and five known compounds, 8, 9, 14, 15, and 18, were isolated from a methanol extract of the fruits of Japanese Momordica charantia. The structures of the new compounds were determined on the basis of spectroscopic methods. On evaluation of these triterpene glycosides and five other cucurbitane-type triterpenes, 1-5, also isolated from the extract of M. charantia fruits, for their inhibitory effects on the induction of Epstein-Barr virus early antigen (EBV-EA) by 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA) in Raji cells, these compounds showed inhibitory effects on EBV-EA induction with IC(50) values of 200-409 mol ratio/32 pmol TPA. In addition, upon evaluation of compounds 1-5 for inhibitory effects against activation of (+/-)-(E)-methyl-2[(E)-hydroxyimino]-5-nitro-6-methoxy-3-hexemide (NOR 1), a nitrogen oxide (NO) donor, compounds 1-3 showed moderate inhibitory effects. Compounds 1 and 2 exhibited marked inhibitory effects in both 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA)- and peroxynitrite (ONOO-; PN)-induced mouse skin carcinogenesis tests.