地塞米松布比卡因东莨菪碱混气液硬膜外术后镇痛的临床效果观察

临床上,硬膜外镇痛是术后镇痛常用的方法之一,而其效果因药物的配方不同而异.作者自1999年至2000年采用地塞米松、布比卡因及东莨菪碱混气液用于硬膜外腔术后镇痛与同一剂量单独使用地塞米松、布比卡因、东莨菪碱镇痛进行了临床比较,现将结果报告如下: 1临床资料 手术结束前15～20min,从硬膜外腔缓慢注入镇痛复合液0.75%布比卡因3ml+地塞米松10mg+东莨菪碱0.3mg+0.9%生理盐水4ml,作为观察组(Ⅰ),以地塞米松10mg+0.9%生理盐水8ml为Ⅱ组,0.75%布比卡因3ml+0.9%生理盐水为Ⅲ组,东莨菪碱0.3mg+0.9%生理盐水9m1为Ⅳ组,Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组为对照组.所有病例均在出手术室前拔除硬膜外导管后送回病房,术后30h内观察各组镇痛效果及副作用.其选择患者180例,随机分到Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ组(见表1).     

三种麻醉药物对胸段硬膜外麻醉的镇痛与安全研究

目的评价左旋布比卡因用于高胸段硬膜外麻醉的临床镇痛效果和安全性。方法60例ASA1～2级硬膜外麻醉下行乳腺手术患者,随机平均分为三组：A组硬膜外用0.5%左旋布比卡因、B组硬膜外用0.5%罗哌卡因、C组硬膜外用0.5%布比卡因。记录镇痛起效时间、持续时间,运动阻滞、术中镇痛质量及不良反应。结果A组、B组镇痛起效时间短维持时间长（P〈0.05）,B组运动阻滞弱（P〈0.05）,A组、B组、呼吸困难发生率少于C组（P〈0.05）,其他低血压、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率相当。结论0.5%左旋布比卡因用于胸段硬膜外麻醉安全有效。     

罗哌卡因和布比卡因硬膜外麻醉剖宫产疗效对比

目的：比较0．5％罗哌卡因和0．5％布比卡因行硬膜外阻滞麻醉用于剖宫产术,其镇痛疗效和运动神经受阻滞功能恢复是否优于布比卡因。方法：将60例ASAⅠ-Ⅱ级单胎初产妇,年龄22～35岁,体重55～86kg。随机分为B组和R组,每组30例。B组硬膜外导管中注入0．5％布比卡因,R组硬膜外导管中注入0．5％罗哌卡因,观察比较B组和R组镇痛疗效和运动神经受阻滞功能恢复情况。结果：所有患者麻醉镇痛完善,R组运动神经阻滞恢复快于B组。结论：罗哌卡因用于剖宫产满足麻醉要求,下肢运动恢复快,对产妇的术后运动功能恢复有益。     

全胃切除术病人不同麻醉方法绩效的比较

目的:比较胃癌行全胃切除术病人静吸全麻和静吸全麻复合硬膜外阻滞的绩效。方法:择期外科全胃切除术病人40例ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级,年龄48～65岁,体重55～70公斤,随机分成两组,单纯静吸全麻组(I组)和静吸全麻复合硬膜外阻滞组(II组),两组均不用术前药,硬膜外阻滞注射1%利多卡因0.375%布比卡因复合液试验剂量4 ml。两组先后静脉注射咪哒唑仑0.04 mg.kg-1,芬太尼4 mg.kg-1,丙泊酚1 mg.kg-1,琥珀胆碱2 mg.kg-1麻醉诱导,气管插管后静脉注射维库溴胺0.08 mg.kg-1行机械通气。Ⅰ组术中麻醉维持:以微量注射泵静脉持续注射丙泊酚4～6 mg.kg-1h-1,维库溴胺0.08 mg.kg-1h-1,瑞芬太尼1～1.5 ug.kg-1h-1,同时吸入50%氧化亚氮。Ⅱ组术中麻醉维持硬膜外注射1%利多卡因和0.375%布比卡因复合液,静脉持续注射丙泊酚4mg.kg-1h-1,维库溴胺0.08 mg.kg-1h-1,吸入50%氧化亚氮。两组术后均采用自控静脉镇痛。两组均行深静脉穿刺置管静脉输液。记录年龄、体重、手术时间、麻醉时间、停药后苏醒时间、拔管时间、术后不良反应发生率、24小时镇痛情况(VAS评分)、追加按压镇痛泵例数、药物费用(含浪费及术后镇痛药物费用)、麻醉材料费用和麻醉总费用。结果:Ⅰ组与Ⅱ组比较,两组年龄、体重、手术时间、麻醉时间无统计学差异,II组停药后苏醒时间与拔管时间缩短、按压镇痛泵例数减少(P<0.05),镇痛效果好,不良反应发生率少,全麻药物费用低(P<0.05),麻醉总费用无统计学差异(P>0.05)。结论:与I组相比,全胃切除手术病人静吸全麻复合硬膜外阻滞药物费用少,术后镇痛效果好,并且麻醉总费用相当。     

0.5%左旋布比卡因在胸段硬膜外麻醉的临床研究

目的 评价左旋布比卡因用于高胸段硬膜外麻醉的临床镇痛效果和安全性.方法 60例ASA1～2级硬膜外麻醉下行乳腺手术患者,随机平均分为三组:L组硬膜外用0.5%左旋布比卡因、R组硬膜外用0.5%罗哌卡因、B组硬膜外用0.5%布比卡因.记录镇痛起效时间、持续时间,运动阻滞、术中镇痛质量及不良反应.结果 L组、R组镇前起效时间短维持时间长(P＜0.05),R组运动阻滞弱(P＜0.05),L组、R组、呼吸困难发生率少于B组(P＜0.05)其它低血压、恶心呕吐等副作用发生率相当.结论 0.5%左旋布比卡因用于胸段硬膜外麻醉安全有效.     

左旋布比卡因用于胸段硬膜外麻醉的镇痛与安全性研究

目的评价左旋布比卡因用于胸段硬膜外麻醉的临床镇痛效果和安全性。方法选择78例美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级1～2级、硬膜外麻醉下行乳房整形手术的患者,随机均分为3组。A组用0.5%左旋布比卡因,B组用0.5%罗哌卡因,C组用0.5%布比卡因,硬膜外注入,记录镇痛起效时间、镇痛持续时间,运动阻滞、术中镇痛效果和不良反应。结果与C组比较,A组、B组镇痛起效时间短、维持时间长(P<0.05);B组运动阻滞弱(P<0.05);A组、B组呼吸困难发生率少于C组(P<0.05),其他低血压、恶心呕吐等不良反应发生率相当。结论 0.5%左旋布比卡因用于胸段硬膜外麻醉安全、有效。     

左旋布比卡因与布比卡因硬膜外阻滞用于剖宫产的比较

目的 观察左旋布比卡因用于剖官产硬膜外麻醉的效果并与布比卡因比较.方法 将40例在硬膜外麻醉下行剖宫产手术的孕妇随机分为两组,观察组用的0.5%左旋布比卡因,对照组用0.5%布比卡因.观察两组孕妇不同时间HR、BP、SPO2的变化;胎儿娩出后1min、5minApgar评分.两组感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界,感觉阻滞持续时间、运动阻滞持续时间,及运动阻滞程度.结果 两组产妇各时间点HR、BP、SPO2无显著性差异;新生儿娩出后1min和5min时Apgar评分均为8～10分;两组产妇在感觉阻滞起效时间、感觉阻滞平面上界,感觉阻滞持续时间、运动阻滞持续时间,及运动阻滞程度无显著性差异(P＞0.05).结论 左旋布比卡因用于剖宫产硬膜外麻醉时可产生与布比卡因相似麻醉效果.     

臂丛神经阻滞加用地塞米松用于术后镇痛的临床观察

在臂丛神经阻滞时,将局麻药与地塞米松配伍,观察其术后镇痛作用时间。 1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料:ASAⅠ～Ⅱ级的上肢手术病人30例,年龄39±19岁,随机分成两组,每组15例,两组病人一般资料相仿,在肌间沟臂丛神经阻滞下进行手术,阻滞效果均满意。Ⅰ组:0.5％布比卡因加地塞米松10mg;Ⅱ组:0.5％布比卡因加生理盐水2ml,两组均     

左旋布比卡因、舒芬太尼及地塞米松联合在硬膜外术后镇痛中的应用

目的研究左旋布比卡因、舒芬太尼及地塞米松在病人自控硬膜外镇痛（PCEA）中的效应。方法择期行子宫切除术患者（ASAⅠ-Ⅱ）40例,按术后硬膜外用药的不同随机分为两组,每组20例。Ⅰ组（研究组）术后硬膜外药物配方为左旋布比卡因200mg＋舒芬太尼50μg＋地塞米松10mg,用生理盐水稀释成100mL。Ⅱ组（对照组）术后硬膜外配方为左旋布比卡因200mg＋舒芬太尼50μg,用生理盐水稀释成100mL。采用视觉模拟评分（VAS）记录两组患者术后的镇痛效果,同时记录不良反应恶心呕吐及瘙痒等症状的发生率并测定0.2%左旋布比卡因溶液、舒芬太尼溶液、地塞米松溶液和3种药物配伍后混合溶液的粘度。结果Ⅰ组患者术后无痛状态的持续时间显著超过Ⅱ组,镇痛效果显著强于Ⅱ组,所有病例术后均未发生瘙痒,呼吸与循环功能平稳。舒芬太尼溶液和0.2%左旋布比卡因溶液的粘度显著小于地塞米松溶液和此三种药物配伍后混合液的粘度。结论舒芬太尼、左旋布比卡因和地塞米松配伍硬膜外应用可以获得良好和持久的术后镇痛效果。     

地塞米松用于脊麻加臂丛阻滞的效果观察

目的 采用布比卡因配伍地塞米松以施行脊麻加臂丛阻滞,观察对麻醉与术后镇痛质量的影响。方法 选择69例拇手指再造或拇甲瓣再造的急诊或择期手术病人,采用脊麻加腋路臂丛阻滞麻醉,随机双盲分为对照和观察组。对照组用质量分数为0.5浓度的布比卡因0.075mg·kg~(-1)作蛛网膜下腔阻滞,用质量分数为0.25浓度的布比卡因1.5mg·kg~(-1)作臂丛阻滞。观察组均用与对照组相同的布比卡因剂量,脊麻配伍0.00375mg/1ml的地塞米松0.075mg·kg~(-1)臂丛阻滞配伍0.25mg/1ml的地塞米松0.15mg·kg~(-1)。观察比较两组的麻醉与术后镇痛质量。结果 脊麻痛觉、运动阻滞和平面固定及臂丛阻滞起效时间均短于对照组(P<0.05),阻滞维持和术后镇痛时间两者均显著长于对照组(P<0.01)。结论 布比卡因和地塞米松两药联用,可明显增强脊麻和臂丛阻滞麻醉效果,同时并可显著提高术后镇痛质量。     

臂丛动静分离阻滞麻醉用于战伤救治的可行性研究

目的比较不同浓度罗哌卡因与布比卡因配伍罂粟碱和地塞米松行臂丛麻醉的效果,研究长效动静阻滞分离用于战伤长途转运的可行性。方法200例肌腱修复与功能重建手术患者,随机双盲分为对照组(A)与观察组(B、C、D),每组50例。A组用0．25％布比卡因(1．5mg／kg)配伍0．0625mg／ml樱粟碱(0．0375mg／kg)和0．25mg／ml地塞米松(0．1．5mg／kg),B、C、D组按序分别用0．25％、0．375％和0．5％罗哌卡因(1．50mg／kg、2．25mg／kg和3．00mg／kg)。臂丛阻滞均采用一针穿刺单次给药法[(40±5)ml]。观察4组注药后1、2、3、6、12h 5个时点运动与感觉阻滞深度,3、6、9、12、15、18、21、24h 8个时点VAS评分效果。结果4组比较,运动阻滞深度A组>B组3h>6h>12h,C、D组1h<2h<3h>6h> 12h(P<0．01);感觉阻滞起效时间A组D组>C组>B组(P<0．01);VAS评分4组各时点均成渐进性升高A组相似文献   

Carbamazepine potentiates morphine analgesia on postoperative pain in morphine-dependent rats

Postoperative pain and its control remain one of the most important issues in the field of surgery and health care systems. Morphine is a potent and effective analgesic, but substance abuse patients can manifest cross-tolerance to it, making it difficult to satisfy their analgesic/anesthetic requirements. As carbamazepine has shown antinociceptive properties in a variety of experimental and clinical settings, in the present study, we evaluated its potential antiallodynic effects on postoperative pain in na?ve and morphine-dependent rats. Male rats were assigned to morphine-dependent and na?ve groups and received intraperitoneally drug vehicles as control group, 3mg/kg morphine, 5, 10 or 15 mg/kg carbamazepine or 5mg/kg carbamazepine plus 3mg/kg morphine as a combination therapy 2 and 24h after surgery. Morphine-dependency was induced with multiple doses of morphine administered i.p. and plantar incision was made on the hind paw to simulate the postoperative pain. Paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) was obtained by von Frey filaments every 30 min after drug injection for up to 180 min. Morphine at 3mg/kg exerted antiallodynic effects in na?ve rats and a decreased antinociception was observed in morphine-dependent rats. In contrast, 5mg/kg carbamazepine did not significantly alter PWT in naives but it was effective in dependent rats. 10 and 15 mg/kg carbamazepine attenuated allodynia following surgery in both groups. Co-administration of 5mg/kg carbamazepine with 3mg/kg morphine produced higher analgesia in morphine-dependent incised rats and prolonged antinociception as compared to morphine alone (P<0.05). Thus carbamazepine may potentiate the analgesic effect of chronically administered morphine on postoperative pain model in morphine-dependent rats.     

罗哌卡因复合咪唑安定在小儿骶管阻滞麻醉中的临床研究

目的：观察罗哌卡因复合咪唑安定在小儿骶管阻滞麻醉中的有效性和安全性。方法：40例1～6岁行下腹部、会阴部及下肢手术患儿，随机双盲分成布比卡因（2．5mg／kg）对照组，罗哌卡因低、中、高（2．5、3．5、5．0mg／kg）剂量组。采用七氟醚诱导吸入麻醉加骶管阻滞罗哌卡因，复合咪唑安定（0．2mg／kg）。结果：在一定剂量范围内，罗哌卡因复合咪唑安定对舒张压、平均动脉压的影响小；术中心率、动脉血氧饱和度有轻度下降，但均在生理范围内；高、中剂量组术后镇痛持续时间类似布比卡因，低剂量短于布比卡因。除个别患儿在术中有牵拉反应和术后呕吐外，其余均未见明显不良反应。结论：罗哌卡因骶管阻滞复合咪唑安定在小儿麻醉中对患儿血液动力学影响小、可延长镇痛时间，且无明显不良反应。     

Benefit-risk assessment of ropivacaine in the management of postoperative pain.

Ropivacaine is a long-acting amide-type local anaesthetic, released for clinical use in 1996. In comparison with bupivacaine, ropivacaine is equally effective for subcutaneous infiltration, epidural and peripheral nerve block for surgery, obstetric procedures and postoperative analgesia. Nevertheless, ropivacaine differs from bupivacaine in several aspects: firstly, it is marketed as a pure S(-)-enantiomer and not as a racemate, and secondly, its lipid solubility is markedly lower. These features have been suggested to significantly improve the safety profile of ropivacaine, and indeed, numerous studies have shown that ropivacaine has less cardiovascular and CNS toxicity than racemic bupivacaine in healthy volunteers.Extensive clinical data have demonstrated that epidural 0.2% ropivacaine is nearly identical to 0.2% bupivacaine with regard to onset, quality and duration of sensory blockade for initiation and maintenance of labour analgesia. Ropivacaine also provides effective pain relief after abdominal or orthopaedic surgery, especially when given in conjunction with opioids or other adjuvants. Nevertheless, epidurally administered ropivacaine causes significantly less motor blockade at low concentrations. Whether the greater degree of blockade of nerve fibres involved in pain transmission (Adelta- and C-fibres) than of those controlling motor function (Aalpha- and Abeta-fibres) is due to a lower relative potency compared with bupivacaine or whether other physicochemical properties or stereoselectivity are involved, is still a matter of intense debate.Recommended epidural doses for postoperative or labour pain are 20-40 mg as bolus with 20-30 mg as top-up dose, with an interval of >or=30 minutes. Alternatively, 0.2% ropivacaine can be given as continuous epidural infusion at a rate of 6-14 mL/h (lumbar route) or 4-10 mL/h (thoracic route).Preoperative or postoperative subcutaneous wound infiltration, during cholecystectomy or inguinal hernia repair, with ropivacaine 100-175 mg has been shown to be more effective than placebo and as effective as bupivacaine in reducing wound pain, whereby the vasoconstrictive potency of ropivacaine may be involved. Similar results were found in peripheral blockades on upper and lower limbs. Ropivacaine shows an identical efficacy and potency to that of bupivacaine, with similar analgesic duration over hours using single shot or continuous catheter techniques.In summary, ropivacaine, a newer long-acting local anaesthetic, has an efficacy generally similar to that of the same dose of bupivacaine with regard to postoperative pain relief, but causes less motor blockade and stronger vasoconstriction at low concentrations. Despite a significantly better safety profile of the pure S(-)-isomer of ropivacaine, the increased cost of ropivacaine may presently limit its clinical utility in postoperative pain therapy.     

布比卡因与不同局麻药联用对臂丛麻醉药效的影响

目的比较不同剂量布比卡因单用或与普鲁卡因和利多卡因联合应用对臂丛神经阻滞麻醉作用起效与维持时间的影响。方法选用上肢肘部以下手术8068例 ,按一针法穿刺单次给药作腋路臂丛神经阻滞 ,根据使用药物不同 ,随机分为单独布比卡因或布比卡因混合普卡因和利多卡因三类 ,A、B(含肾上腺素0.2mg)两大组 ,每大组按使用布比卡因剂量不同又分为6小组。结果布比卡因混合利多卡因类较单独布比卡因和布比卡因混合普鲁卡因类作用起效时间短 ,维持时间长(P<0.05或P<0.01) ,加用肾上腺素 ,布比卡因不论何种用药剂量均较同种剂量者长(P<0.01) ;布比卡因大剂量与小剂量比较 ,其作用起效时间与维持时间均呈梯度下降。结论所有组方均可安全用于手外科上肢手术的麻醉 ,尤其适用于不同病因、体质、手术时间病人的选用     

Clinical application of ropivacaine in obstetrics

Ropivacaine is a new long-acting local anesthetic which is a pure (S)-(-)-enantiomer, with an efficacy profile similar to that of bupivacaine. Compared in equal doses, ropivacaine shows more separation between sensory and motor blockade than bupivacaine. Moreover, ropivacaine has a lower systemic toxicity than bupivacaine. In obstetrics, ropivacaine and bupivacaine have been compared for Cesarean section and for epidural pain relief during labor and delivery. For Cesarean section, both drugs provide similar analgesia when given in equal doses, but motor block is less pronounced with ropivacaine. Neonatal outcome as determined by Apgar scores and Neurological Adaptive Capacity Scores (NACS) is also similar. For epidural pain relief during labor and delivery, both drugs are equally effective, either when given alone or in combination with opioids; a meta-analysis of six studies showed that compared to bupivacaine, the use of ropivacaine is associated with significantly less motor block and instrumental deliveries.     

前列腺切除术后硬膜外镇痛治疗46例分析

目的 探讨布比卡因、芬太尼和氟哌啶混合液持续硬膜外注射镇痛对前列腺切除术后膀胱痉挛的疗效。方法 46例前列腺增生行耻骨上前列腺切除术患者随机分为两组，术后硬膜外持续注射上述混合液者为镇痛组；单纯的杜冷丁等肌注镇痛者为对照组。观察两组病人膀胱痉挛的次数、持续时间、术后膀胱冲洗天数。结果 镇痛组膀胱痉挛发生率、次数、持续时间、膀胱冲洗天数与对照组有显著性差异。结论 布比卡因、芬太尼和氟哌啶混合液硬膜外持续注射镇痛能有效缓解前列腺切除术后膀胱痉挛，减少术后膀胱出血。     

罗哌卡因碳酸利多卡因在高位硬膜外麻醉下乳房手术中的应用

目的 观察0．25％罗哌卡因 0．865％碳酸利多卡因在高位硬膜外麻醉下乳房手术中的麻醉效果。方法 选择拟在高位硬膜外麻醉下行乳房手术的病人60例，随机分为两组，各30例。观察组采用0．25％罗哌卡因 0．865％碳酸利多卡因，对照组采用0．25％布比卡因 0．865％碳酸利多卡因，观察两组麻醉起效时间、麻醉持续时间、最高感觉阻滞平面、总用药量、最高Bromage评分及术后运动阻滞完全恢复时间。结果 观察组起效时间比对照组出现快，但无统计学意义。持续时间、最高感觉阻滞平面、总用药量和对照组差异无显著意义。而在最高Bromage评分及术后运动阻滞完全恢复时间两组间差异有显著意义(P＜0．05)。结论 0．25％罗哌卡因 0．865％碳酸利多卡因可完全满足高位硬膜外麻醉下乳房手术的要求，而且较传统局麻药布比卡因有更弱的运动阻滞和更快的运动阻滞恢复的优点。     

酒石酸布托啡诺预防剖宫产术后硬膜外吗啡镇痛皮肤瘙痒的临床观察

目的 研究酒石酸布托啡诺对剖宫产产妇术后镇痛皮肤瘙痒的预防作用。方法选择在腰硬联合麻醉下行剖宫产产妇60例,ASA均为Ⅰ～Ⅱ级,均采用硬膜外镇痛,随机分为两组：布托啡诺组（B组）,对照组（C组）,每组各30例。胎儿取出后5min后硬膜外给予镇痛首剂。B组：镇痛首剂采用布托啡诺0．5mg＋吗啡2mg＋0．25％布比卡因＋生理盐水稀释到6ml,硬膜外镇痛泵维持量采用布托啡诺1．5mg＋吗啡6mg＋0．125％布比卡因＋生理盐水稀释到100ml,给药速度2ml／h;C组：镇痛首剂采用吗啡2mg＋0.25％布比卡因＋生理盐水稀释到6ml,硬膜外镇痛泵维持量采用吗啡6mg＋0．125％布比卡因＋生理盐水稀释到100ml,给药速度2ml／h。观察术后48h内产妇皮肤瘙痒、恶心、呕吐、呼吸抑制、视觉模拟评分（VAS）、Ramsay镇静评分、眩晕等不良反应的发生率。结果①术后48h内皮肤瘙痒发生率：B组（10％）与C组（53．3％）比较明显减少（P〈0．05）;②视觉模拟评分（VAS）：B组比C组明显降低（P〈0．05）;③Ramsay镇静评分：B组比C组明显增高（P〈0．05）;④术后24h恶心呕吐发生率：B组（6．7％）与C组（33．3％）比较明显减少（P〈0．05）。结论酒石酸布托啡诺在预防术后硬膜外镇痛的皮肤瘙痒效果肯定,而且可增强术后镇痛效果,降低术后恶心呕吐发生率。     

Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) copolymers for constant temperature controlled drug delivery

To assess the prolongation of epidural bupivacaine by hyaluronic acid viscous formulations we designed a cross-over study in rabbits. Different doses of bupivacaine (3 or 6 mg) either as a solution (bupivacaine hydrochloride), or as viscous formulations with hyaluronic acid (bupivacaine base and bupivacaine hydrochloride) were administered in a rabbit model of epidural anesthesia. In the first part of the study, in vitro release characteristics were determined. Then pharmacodynamic effects and pharmacokinetic profiles of each bupivacaine formulation were studied. The rank order release rate of bupivacaine in vitro was always hydrochloride solution > viscous physical mixture of bupivacaine with hyaluronic acid > viscous ionic complex of bupivacaine base with hyaluronic acid. Onset time of epidural anesthesia was similar whatever the formulation of bupivacaine used. We did not find any blockade prolongation when 3mg bupivacaine was administered, but significant blockade prolongations were observed with viscous formulations incorporating 6 mg bupivacaine. The observed reduction in the absorption rate of bupivacaine into the systemic circulation for both viscous hyaluronic formulations after 6 mg of bupivacaine may explain the prolongation of spinal effects. Drug release and duration of action were found to be viscosity controlled as linear relationships were found between pharmacodynamic effects and viscosity. Our results were in accordance with those reported with bupivacaine-cyclodextrin complex, another formulation with a molecular dispersion of the drug, resulting in a moderate prolongation of action.