广谱抗病毒抗生素17997对HSV-1形态学的影响

目的探讨新一类抗病毒抗生素17997的抗病毒的作用机制。方法比较不同浓度的17997和ACV对HSV_Ⅰ形态学的影响。结果在Vero细胞核内和胞浆中发现许多HSV_Ⅰ空心衣壳。当17997的浓度达到几乎完全抑制HSV_Ⅰ复制时 ,仍没有看到明显的细胞损害。结论17997主要抑制病毒DNA合成 ,而且没有明显的细胞毒性。     

广谱抗病毒抗生素17997对HSV—1形态学的影响

目的 探讨新一类抗病毒抗生素17997的抗病毒的作用机制。方法 比较不同浓度的17997和ACV对HSV－Ⅰ形态学的影响。结果 在Vero细胞核内和胞浆中发现许多HSV－Ⅰ空心衣壳，当17997的浓度达到几科完全抑制HSV－Ⅰ复制时，仍没有看到明显的细胞损害。结论 17997主要抑制病毒DNA合成，而且没有明显的细胞毒性。     

抗病毒药物的应用与儿童病毒感染性疾病

感染性疾病仍是儿童的常见病和多发病,病毒是儿童感染最常见的病原,既往认为抗病毒药物不同于抗生素能有效地抑制细菌复制那样抑制病毒,病毒一旦侵入宿主细胞并在其中复制,对正常细胞的损伤将不可避免.     

抗病毒抗生素17997不同时间给药抗单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型的效果

目的：广谱抗病毒抗生素17997，对单纯疱疹病毒Ⅰ型（HSV－Ⅰ）有较好的疗效，本实验通过观察不同给时间的抗病毒效果。方法：以HSV－Ⅰ感染Vero细胞，在感染前4h，感染后0、3、6h给予抗生素17997（10μmol/L），以透射电镜观察Vero细胞内的病毒，比较不同给药时间的抗病毒效果。结果：在病毒感染前4h给药无效，细胞内外有大量病毒颗粒；在感染早期（0.3h）给药效果好，细胞内外均极少见病毒颗粒，胞浆内可见病毒空壳聚集；感染晚期（6h）给药在细胞核内见病毒核壳体及有囊膜病毒颗粒，但细胞浆及细胞外均未见病毒颗粒。结论：抗病毒抗生素17997在病毒复制早期抑制单纯疱疹病毒DNA的合成，晚期可抑制有囊膜单疱疹病毒颗粒从核释放至胞浆。     

抗病毒药物研究新领域：病毒感染基因组学

由于病毒基因组编码基因数量少，从病毒中发现药物靶标受到一定限制。最后的研究表明，抑制宿主细胞中某些蛋白的功能可以阻断病毒感染。与病毒基因组相比，人类基因组序列中可能包括更多的病毒繁殖有关的基因。用DNA微阵列技术分析宿主基因表达，是一种从宿主细胞角度发现潜在抗病毒靶标的有效方法。最近报道了有关病毒影响宿主细胞基因表达谱的研究战略，以及通过表达谱分析来发现与病毒复制有关的宿主细胞通路。因此，人类基因组学技术在发现新的抗病毒药物研究中具有重要作用。     

抗病毒疗法的新进展

<正> 病毒是一种高度特异性微生物,在宿主细胞内利用细胞代谢系统进行增殖复制。因此抗病毒疗法必须针对病毒独有的关键与薄弱的复制步骤,避免损害宿主细胞。本文主要探索病毒性疾病的最佳疗法并为现用抗病毒药提供适应证。 目前所用的抗病毒药物,有阿糖腺苷、阿昔洛韦等。正在研究中的有磷酸阿糖腺苷、更昔洛韦、溴乙烯脱氧尿苷、三氮唑核苷和膦甲酸盐等,现分述如下。 阿糖腺苷(vidarabine,Ara-A)它是     

隐丹参酮体外抗病毒作用及机制研究

目的 探索隐丹参酮在细胞水平的抗病毒作用,从药物调控宿主抗病毒免疫角度,阐释隐丹参酮抑制病毒复制的分子机制。方法 通过流式细胞术、实时荧光定量PCR（qRT-PCR）、免疫印迹实验（Western blotting）等方法检测隐丹参酮对水疱性口炎病毒（VSV）、甲型流感病毒（H1N1）、脑心肌炎病毒（EMCV）、Ⅰ型单纯疱疹病毒（HSV-1）复制的影响。基于基因集富集分析（GSEA）,结合qRT-PCR、流式细胞术,分析隐丹参酮抗病毒的作用机制。在干扰素受体IFNAR1敲除A549细胞（Ifnar1^-/-A549）中,检测I型干扰素（IFN-I）通路对隐丹参酮抗病毒功能的影响。结果 隐丹参酮显著抑制VSV、H1N1、EMCV和HSV-1病毒的复制,在病毒进入前期和进入后阶段发挥抗病毒作用,对病毒吸附过程无影响;通过GSEA分析结合qRT-PCR验证,证明隐丹参酮促进IFN-I信号通路的激活;在Ifnar1^-/-A549细胞中,隐丹参酮的抗病毒功能受到抑制。结论 隐丹参酮通过促进IFN-I信号通路激活抑制多种病毒复制。     

钝顶螺旋藻多糖抗病毒作用的实验研究

目的探讨钝顶螺旋藻多糖(polysaccharide fromSpirulina platensis,PSP)抗单纯疱疹病毒及乙型肝炎病毒的作用及可能机制,为进一步开发该药提供理论依据。方法以不同剂量的PSP分别作用于HSV-1及HSV-2病毒复制周期的各个环节,以病毒半数感染量(TCID50),细胞病变效应(CPE),蚀斑形成单位(PFU),MTT法作为评价指标,判断PSP的抗病毒效果;ELISA法定量检测PSP对HepG2 2.2.15细胞HbsAg,HBeAg分泌的影响;FQ-PCR检测PSP对HBV-DNA合成的影响。结果PSP对Vero细胞及HepG2 2.2.15细胞毒性极低,对HSV-1及HSV-2均无直接灭活作用,可阻滞HSV-1及HSV-2病毒的吸附并抑制感染细胞内病毒的复制,但不影响病毒的释放。在HepG2 2.2.15细胞培养中PSP可显著抑制HB-sAg、HBeAg的分泌以及HBV-DNA的合成,并具有量效和时效关系。结论PSP抗HSV-1及HSV-2病毒作用的机制与抑制病毒吸附和感染细胞内病毒的生物合成有关,而PSP抗HBV作用的机制则与抑制HBV抗原分泌及病毒DNA复制有关。     

抗病毒药物的临床应用进展

病毒感染是目前许多传染病和非传染病甚至癌症的病因,严重危害人民的生命和健康.抗病毒的药物治疗已有近30年的历史,由于病毒进入机体后,在宿主细胞内进行复制和繁殖,能抑制病毒繁殖的药物对宿主细胞或机体有不同程度的损害,抗病毒药物的发展与抗生素相比较为缓慢.但近几年在抗病毒药物方面仍有不少的新药出现,本文根据药物作用的特点,分述抗病毒药物的临床应用进展.     

甘草酸对SARS冠状病毒的抗病毒活性

德国的研究者报道 ,在体外甘草酸可抑制SARS(严重急性呼吸综合症 )冠状病毒的复制 ,该研究小组研究了利巴韦林、6 -氮尿苷、吡唑呋林、麦考酚酸及甘草酸对从SARS患者中分离出的 2株冠状病毒 (FFM -1和FFM - 2 )的抗病毒活性 ,尤其研究者分析了非洲绿猴肾细胞株系细胞致细胞病性的诱导病毒 ,甘草酸具很大的抑制病毒复制的能力 ,在病毒吸附中或之后应用甘草酸的选择指数 >6 7,6 -氮尿苷和吡唑呋林的选择指数分别是 6和 1 2 ,而利巴韦林和麦考酚酸对病毒的复制没有影响。甘草酸不仅可抑制病毒的复制 ,还可抑制病毒的吸附并渗入病毒 ,在病…     

Plant antiviral agents

Lycorine, one of the principal alkaloids of the Amaryllidaceae, exerts an antiviral effect on several RNA and DNA viruses. This effect on the growth pattern of different viruses has now been investigated. In the presence of lycorine, a delay in virus production and a decrease in total amount of virus were observed. This inhibitory effect is concentration dependent, it is due to a block of viral protein synthesis and not to an extracellular inactivation or inhibition of viral adsorption.     

Oligonucleotide-based antiviral strategies

In the age of extensive global traffic systems, the close neighborhood of man and livestock in some regions of the world, as well as inadequate prevention measures and medical care in poorer countries, greatly facilitates the emergence and dissemination of new virus strains. The appearance of avian influenza viruses that can infect humans, the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) virus, and the unprecedented raging of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) illustrate the threat of a global virus pandemic. In addition, viruses like hepatitis B and C claim more than one million lives every year for want of efficient therapy. Thus, new approaches to prevent virus propagation are urgently needed. Antisense strategies are considered a very attractive means of inhibiting viral replication, as oligonucleotides can be designed to interact with any viral RNA, provided its sequence is known. The ensuing targeted destruction of viral RNA should interfere with viral replication without entailing negative effects on ongoing cellular processes. In this review, we will give some examples of the employment of antisense oligonucleotides, ribozymes, and RNA interference strategies for antiviral purposes. Currently, in spite of encouraging results in preclinical studies, only a few antisense oligonucleotides and ribozymes have turned out to be efficient antiviral compounds in clinical trials. The advent of RNA interference now seems to be refueling hopes for decisive progress in the field of therapeutic employment of antisense strategies.     

The antiviral action of threo-beta-phenylserine

L-threo-phenylserine and esters of threo-phenylserine were the most active of a series of compounds tested against influenza A virus in tissue culture. Substitution of the beta-OH or alpha-NH(2) group abolished activity. The activity of phenylserine was reversed competitively by phenylalanine. Phenylserine did not act on free virus or on the adsorption of virus to host cells. It prevented virus growth if added during the first half of the latent period.Phenylalanine appears to be necessary for virus synthesis and can be supplied by phenylalanylglycine or glycylphenylalanine.Phenylserine had no significant activity against ectromelia infections in mice, even when the amino acid content of the livers had been depleted by starvation.     

Clinical use of antiviral drugs

Remarkable progress has been made in antiviral chemotherapy. Six approved antiviral drugs are now available for the treatment of various viral infections. Trifluridine, idoxuridine and vidarabine are all effective in patients with herpes keratitis; trifluridine is preferred due to its low toxicity. Acyclovir is the drug of choice in patients with infections due to herpes simplex viruses, including genital herpes, herpes encephalitis, and neonatal herpes, and infections due to varicella-zoster virus. Amantadine is the only drug currently available for prophylaxis and treatment of influenza A, but an investigational drug, rimantadine, appears to be equally effective and less toxic than amantadine. Ribavirin is the most recently approved antiviral agent for the treatment of respiratory syncytial virus infections. Numerous antiviral drugs are being studied in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Although currently available drugs have improved our ability to manage a variety of viral illnesses, much needs to be learned about specific dosage guidelines based on the studies of pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, potential adverse effects and viral resistance, and the role of combination therapy to optimize therapy.