对106例高血压病人动态血压控制状况调查

目的:了解高血压病人24 h动态血压的控制状况.方法:以2010年1月-2011年3月在上海市嘉定区中医医院住院的、接受24 h动态血压监测的106例高血压病人为观察对象,分为糖尿病组(n=34)和非糖尿病组(n=72),对监测结果进行回顾性分析.结果:病人的24 h平均收缩压、日间平均收缩压、夜间平均收缩压,糖尿病组分别为(143±21.2)、(144±20.2)、(142±25.4) mmHg,非糖尿病组分别为(133±21.8)、(134±21.7)、(131±23.3) mmHg,糖尿病组显著高于非糖尿病组(P＜0.05).糖尿病组各项降压指标达标率均低于非糖尿病组;两组的收缩压和夜间血压下降比例达标率均低于本组的舒张压下降达标率.两组间抗高血压药物应用情况无显著性差异.结论:需加强对合并糖尿病高血压病人各时段收缩压和夜间血压的控制,重视动态血压监测对降压治疗的指导作用.     

美亚沙坦钾联合托伐普坦对高血压合并心力衰竭患者血管功能的影响

目的：探究美亚沙坦钾片联合托伐普坦对高血压合并心力衰竭患者血管功能的影响。方法：将202例高血压合并心力衰竭患者分为对照组与观察组。对照组给予托伐普坦治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合美亚沙坦钾片治疗。两组患者连续治疗12周,比较两组患者血压变异性、血管内皮功能、血管弹性功能、心功能、临床疗效及药物安全性。结果：对照组、观察组治疗后24 h动态血压监测分别为患者24 h平均收缩压[(141.26±11.36) mmHg,(125.35±10.28)]、日间平均收缩压[(149.02±11.56) mmHg,(135.61±10.53)]、夜间平均收缩压[(141.72±11.77) mmHg,(123.40±10.61)]、晨起平均收缩压[(144.12±12.13) mmHg,(125.11±10.17)]、24 h平均舒张压[(83.68±9.63) mmHg,(70.15±8.31)]g、日间平均舒张压[(87.45±8.65) mmHg,(79.55±8.08)]、夜间平均舒张压[(93.66±12.68) mmHg,(81.47±11.21)]、晨起平均舒张压[(83.68±9....     

糖尿病肾病动态血压监测的临床意义

目的探讨监测糖尿病肾病(diabetic nephropathy,DN)患者血压动态变化的临床意义。方法选取26例糖尿病肾病患者为DN组,另选取30例非糖尿病肾病患者为非DN组,比较两组24h动态血压监测结果及夜间血压下降百分率的变化。结果 DN组24h平均收缩压(146.5±11.88)mmHg、日间平均收缩压(141.2±15.38)mmHg和夜间平均收缩压(138.5±13.37)mmHg均显著高于非DN组,并具有统计学差异(P<0.05),而两组24h平均舒张压、日间平均舒张压及夜间平均舒张压无统计学差异(P>0.05);DN组夜间收缩压和舒张压下降百分率较非DN组明显降低(P<0.05),且均低于10%,昼夜节律消失。结论糖尿病肾病患者收缩压控制比较差,昼夜节律消失。     

血压变异性对老年冠心病并发慢性心衰伴高血压患者治疗效果及预后的影响

目的 探讨血压变异性(blood pressure variability, BPV)对冠心病并发慢性心衰伴高血压的老年患者治疗效果及预后的影响。方法 选取2019年4月—2020年4月郑州人民医院高血压科收治的冠心病并发慢性心衰伴高血压的老年患者118例,根据其临床治疗结果分为对照组(n=86)和观察组(n=32),并根据患者治疗后心功能改善情况分为左心室射血分数(LVEF)>50%患者70例,LVEF≤50%患者48例;纽约心脏协会(NYHA)分级改善患者65例,NYHA分级未改善患者53例。对所有患者进行24 h血压动态检测,比较各组患者BPV指标：24 h收缩压变异标准差(standard deviation, SD)、24 h舒张压SD、日间收缩压SD、日间舒张压SD、夜间收缩压SD及夜间舒张压SD;分析患者BPV指标与治疗有效率相关性。结果 观察组患者BPV 24 h收缩压及舒张压SD、日间收缩压及舒张压平均SD、夜间收缩压及舒张压SD均低于对照组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 BPV对冠心病并发慢性心力衰竭伴高血压的老年患者在治疗效果及预后上均具有...     

老年与青年高血压病患者脉压和血压变异性比较

目的 比较老年和青年高血压病患者动态血压的差异,为老年高血压病患者的治疗提供依据.方法 我院高血压科就诊的83例2周内未服药的高血压病患者,60岁≤年龄＜80岁患者40例作为老年组,18岁≤年龄≤30岁患者43例作为青年组.2组患者均进行24 h动态血压监测,并比较结果.结果 老年高血压组的动态脉压、动态脉压指数和24h收缩压变异系数明显高于青年高血压组[(61±12) mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)比(52 ±9)mm Hg,(0.44±0.07)比(0.37±0.06),(11±2)％比(8±2)％,均P＜0.01];24 h平均舒张压和24h平均心率明显低于青年高血压组[(79±10) mm Hg比(88±12)mm Hg,(69±8)次/mint比(74±9)次/min,均P＜0.01].结论 老年高血压病患者主要以动态脉压增大和24h收缩压变异性升高为特点;而青年患者以24h平均舒张压升高为主.因此,临床对老年高血压病患者进行降压治疗时,选择的药物不仅要有效降低平均收缩压水平,还要改善脉压和血压变异性.     

高血压患者的动态血压与尿微量白蛋白的关系

目的探讨高血压患者动态血压(ABPM)与尿微量白蛋白(UMA)的关系。方法用放免法测定180例高血压患者的尿UMA,根据结果将患者分为UMA组和非UMA组,所有患者行24hABPM监测,并比较两组血压水平差异及血压水平与UMA的关系。结果 UMA组24h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、平均脉压(24hPP);日间平均收缩压(dSBP)、平均脉压(dPP);夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)、平均脉压(APP)明显高于非UMA组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。24h脉压与24hUMA呈正相关,r=0.53,P<0.01。结论高血压患者的动态血压水平与尿微量白蛋白的分泌量密切相关。     

老年人动态血压负荷与颈动脉血管内中膜厚度相关性研究

目的探讨老年人动态血压负荷对动脉粥样硬化的预测意义,及昼夜血压变异与动脉粥样硬化的相关性,以期指导老年人动脉硬化早期防治。方法对≥60岁的正常血压和高血压人群监测动态血压和IMT,分别统计分析正常血压组(A组)及高血压组(B组)与IMT的相关性。结果A组Ⅲ期夜间血压负荷升高,B组随着IMT分期的增高,24小时收缩压负荷和舒张压负荷均依次递增,Ⅱ期、Ⅲ期组夜间血压负荷均值与日间血压负荷值接近。结论动态血压负荷及昼夜血压变异与老年人IMT具有显著相关性。     

阿折地平和氨氯地平对轻中度原发性高血压老年患者血压和血压变异性的影响

目的对比研究阿折地平和氨氯地平对轻中度原发性高血压老年患者血压和血压变异性(BPV)的影响。方法选取轻中度原发性高血压老年患者60例,分为对照组和试验组,分别口服氨氯地平5 mg·d-1或阿折地平8 mg·d-1,治疗12周,监测患者血压,分别于治疗前后测量24 h动态血压,比较两组患者的血压、BPV和平滑指数(SI)。结果治疗12周后,对照组患者收缩压(SBP)和舒张压(DBP)分别为(133.6±10.6)mmHg和(89.9±8.2)mmHg,试验组为(124.7±10.8)mmHg和(85.3±9.3)mmHg,均较治疗前显著下降(P<0.01),两组相比有显著差异(P<0.05)。经动态血压监测,两组各时段SBP和DBP及相应时段的BPV均较治疗前明显下降(P<0.01),试验组24hSBP、日间SBP、清晨SBP下降幅度更为显著(P<0.05);两组各时段BPV及SI均无显著差异(P>0.05)。结论阿折地平显著降低老年原发性高血压患者血压,且血压波动较小,降压效果优于氨氯地平。     

H型高血压患者血压晨峰现象与早期肾功能损害的关系

目的 探讨具有晨峰现象的H型高血压与早期肾功损害关系.方法 选择已确诊H型高血压[同型半胱氨酸(Hcy)≥10 μmol·L-1]者共210例,对这些患者行24 h动态血压监测(ABPM),根据监测结果将患者分为晨峰组(108例)和非晨峰组(102例),检测各组受试者血清胱抑素C水平以及尿β2-微球蛋白的含量,同时检测一般生化指标.结果 晨峰组24 h平均收缩压[(155.7±14.6) mmHg]、白昼平均收缩压[(160.4±15.5) mmHg]、夜间平均收缩压[(147.7 ±16.5) mmHg]、收缩压晨峰[(35.4±7.2) mmHg]、尿β2-微球蛋白[(1.11±0.31) mg·L-1]及血清半胱氨酸蛋白酶抑制剂C[(1.86±1.04) mg·L-1]均高于非晨峰组(P＜0.05).结论 H型高血压患者中具有血压晨峰者较非血压晨峰者更易出现早期肾功能损害.     

维持性血液透析与腹膜透析患者动态血压变化的对比

目的 对比血液透析伴高血压患者与腹膜透析伴高血压患者血压波动的特点,为临床治疗及护理提供指导.方法 收集选取2014年5月至2016年5月于本院规律血液透析伴高血压患者98例,腹膜透析伴高血压者68例.对其行动态血压检测,观察指标两组间24 h平均收缩压(24hSBP)、24 h平均舒张压(24hDBP)、日间平均收缩压(dSBP)、日间平均舒张压(dDBP)、夜间平均收缩压(nSBP)和夜间平均舒张压(nDBP)及其下降率.结果 腹膜透析伴高血压组杓型血压比例明显高于血液透析伴高血压组(P=0.009).血液透析伴高血压组24hSBP、24hDBP、nSBP、nDBP高于腹膜透析组伴高血压组(P＜0.05).血液透析伴高血压组夜间SBP下降率、夜间DBP下降率低于腹膜透析伴高血压组(P＜0.05).结论 血液透析伴高血压患者比腹膜透析伴高血压患者杓型血压比例较少,夜间SBP下降率、夜间DBP下降率低,昼夜节律不明显.在临床工作中医务人员更应该注意血液透析伴高血压患者的血压治疗.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.