深海鱼油:假的多,真的少

"源自深海的健康奥秘""血管清道夫,健康好伴侣""中老年人的最佳选择""每天两粒深海鱼油提高记忆力,治疗血脂异常"……极具煽动性的广告,让深海鱼油成了保健品市场的热销品。不过,远有营养学专家"吃鱼油还不如吃鱼"的表态,近有官员对国内深海鱼油生产造假严重的揭秘,深海鱼油的种种"神奇功效",难道真的只是传说?     

鱼油中高度不饱和脂肪酸的研究

全顺-5,8,11,14,17-廿碳五烯酸(EPA)和全顺-4,7,10,13,16,19-廿二碳六烯酸(DHA)具有显著的降血脂和抑制血小板聚集的作用。高纯度的 EPA 和 DHA 既可作为鱼油制剂含量测定和药理研究的标准品,也可通过结构改造寻找新药。本文综合运用金属盐沉淀法,尿素包合法、真空蒸馏法,从我国沿海盛产的马面鲀(Navodon septentrionalis Günther)鱼油中     

深海鱼油的急性毒性和致突变实验研究

深海鱼油是目前市场上普遍受到欢迎的一种保健食品,其不饱和脂肪酸含量较高,具有一定的软化血管、预防动脉粥样硬化的特点。为保障消费者的食用安全,我们按《食品安全性毒理学评价程序和方法》对维灵深海鱼油软胶囊进行了一、二阶段的毒性试验。结果如下：维灵深海鱼油...     

有关鱼油的二三事

何谓鱼油 鱼油的主要成分为n-3型多烯脂肪酸(也就是我们常说的欧米伽-3多不饱和脂肪酸),在深海冷水鱼类(如金枪鱼、三文鱼、虹鳟鱼等)中含量丰富.有流行病学调查显示,格陵兰爱斯基摩人心血管疾病发生率低,推测主要与食用海鱼等海生动物有关,后经证实这些动物油脂中富含n-3型多烯脂肪酸,有调血脂和抗动脉粥样硬化的效果.     

GC法测定深海鱼油软胶囊中EPA和DHA的含量

目的:采用气相色谱法测定深海鱼油软胶囊中二十碳五稀酸(EPA)和二十二碳六稀酸(DHA)的含量。方法:以正己烷为溶剂制备对照品和供试品溶液,用气相色谱法测定,FID检测器,色谱柱为PEG-20M毛细管柱(30 m×0.32 mm,0.5μm),进样口温度250℃,检测器温度280℃,柱温220℃,载气为N2,直接进样,采用外标法计算。结果:EPA的回归方程为y1=6.999 4×10-4x(r1=0.999 1),线性范围9.9～99μg.mL-1;DHA的回归方程为y2=6.358 7×10-4x(r2=0.999 3),线性范围6.125～61.25μg.mL-1;平均加样回收率EPA为103.4%、RSD=6.46%(n=5),DHA为101.5%、RSD=2.08%(n=5)。结论:该法简便快捷,专属性好,可作为深海鱼油类产品中EPA和DHA含量测定的方法。     

利用海洋微藻发酵生产二十二碳六烯酸的研究

综述利用海洋微藻发酵生产二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)的研究背景、DHA生产菌的种类和培养、DHA高产菌种的选育方法及影响DHA发酵生产的因素等。目前DHA产品主要来源于深海鱼油,但由鱼油提取DHA存在诸多弊端,影响DHA的产量和质量,远不能满足市场需求,而利用海洋微藻发酵生产DHA则可弥补不足,前景广阔。     

分子蒸馏分离深海鱼油药用组分的研究

深海鱼油富舍ω3型功能性脂肪酸（EPA、DHA和DPA）。采用刮膜式分子蒸馏小试装置对深海鱼油粗产品中的药用组分进行分离,馏余液中药用组分的含量（26．5％以上）达到了某药企对药品中ω-3型脂肪酸总含量的要求（大于25％）。通过研究蒸馏温度、进料速率和刮膜器转速对馏余液中药用组分总含量和收率的影响,得到分子蒸馏分离深海鱼油粗产品中药用组分的最佳工艺条件：蒸馏温度300C,进料速率0．7L·h-1。和刮膜转速300r·min-1。     

高纯度二十碳五烯酸乙酯的制备

以综合技术皂化酯化法，金属盐沉淀法，尿素包合法和真空蒸馏法从鱼油制得的多不饱和脂肪酸乙酸为原料，运用涂银层析法分离精制得高纯度的二十碳五烯酸乙酯。     

深海鱼油并非多多益善

哪些人需要补充深海鱼油制品 1.血脂高的中老年人。 2.饮食结构不合理，吃海产品较少的人。 3.经常出差，饮食不规律的人也可适当补充。     

健康浮世绘

其实,风靡中国十几年的美国阿拉斯加深海鱼油的很多产品是在中国国内生产的。从质量标准到市场准入都很混乱。中国疾病预防控制中心的营养专家说,坚持每周吃3次鱼,就比吃鱼油效果好。     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg.kg) or i.p. (50 mg.kg) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) l.h. kg in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) l.h. kg in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Quantitative in vivo and in vitro sex differences in artemisinin metabolism in rat

1. The pharmacokinetics of the antimalarial compound artemisinin were compared in the male and female Sprague-Dawley rat after single dose i.v. (20 mg x kg(-1)) or i.p. (50 mg x kg(-1)) administration of an emulsion formulation. 2. Plasma clearance of artemisinin was 12.0 (95% confidence interval: 10.4, 13.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the male rat and 10.6 (95% CI: 7.5, 15.0) 1 x h(-1) x kg(-1) in the female rat suggesting high hepatic extraction in combination with erythrocyte uptake or clearance. Artemisinin half-life was approximately 0.5 h after both routes of administration in both sexes. Values for plasma clearance and half-lives did not statistically differ between the sexes. 3. After i.p. administration artemisinin AUCs were 2-fold higher in the female compared with male rat (p < 0.001). Artemisinin disappearance was 3.9-fold greater in microsomes from male compared with female livers and it was inhibited in male microsomes by goat or rabbit serum containing antibodies against CYP2C11 and CYP3A2 but not CYP2B1 or CYP2E1. 4. The unbound fraction of artemisinin in plasma was lower (p < 0.001) in plasma obtained from the male (8.8 +/- 2.0%) compared with the female rat (11.7 +/- 2.2%). 5. The possibility of a marked sex difference, dependent on the route of administration, has to be taken into account in the design and interpretation of toxicological studies of artemisinin in this species.     

Interindividual variability in metabolic activation in humans in vivo

In assessing interindividual variability in metabolic activation, the toxic metabolite is often too unstable for conventional analysis. Possible alternatives include a stable product of the reactive metabolite e.g. cysteinyl derivatives of N-acetyl-4-benzoquinoneimine, the toxic metabolite of paracetamol, adducts with DNA or protein, and indirect measurement of the activity of the enzyme(s) producing the active metabolite. An example of the last approach is the use of furafylline, a highly specific inhibitor of human CYP1A2, to determine the extent of the metabolic activation of the cooked food mutagens PhIP and MeIQx. The extent of inhibition, determined from levels of unchanged amine in urine, is an indirect measure of the activity of the activation pathway. Further refinement of this approach, allied to improved measures of the biological process of interest should prove of value in evaluating interindividual variability and its role in the risk assessment process.     

Theophylline kinetics in peripheral tissues in vivo in humans

Several biochemical and cellular effects have been described for methylxanthines under in vitro conditions. However, it is unknown, whether threshold concentrations required to exert these effects are attained in target tissues in vivo. We therefore employed the microdialysis technique for measuring theophylline concentrations in peripheral tissues under in vivo conditions.Following in vitro and in vivo calibration, microdialysis probes were inserted into the medial vastus muscle and into the periumbilical subcutaneous adipose layer of healthy volunteers. Following single oral dose administration of 300 mg or i.v. infusion of 240 mg theophylline, in vivo time courses of theophylline concentrations were monitored in tissues and plasma. Major pharmacokinetic parameters (c_max, t_max, AUC) were calculated for plasma and tissue time courses. The mean AUC_tissue /AUC_plasma-ratio was 0.56 (p.o.) and 0.55 (i.v.) for muscle and 0.55 (p.o.) and 0.72 (i.v.) for subcutaneous adipose tissue.We conclude that microdialysis provides important information on the distribution and the tissue pharmacokinetics of theophylline.Abbreviations FPIA Fluorescence polarisation immuno assay - AUC Area under the curve - t_max Time to peak concentration - c_max Peak concentration     

休克时血中氧自由基的变化

本实验测定10名休克患者血浆和红细胞的丙二醛(MDA)、血浆总抗的氧化活性(AOA)的含量。结果表明:休克病人红细胞膜和血浆 MDA 含量(4.298±0.722;5.348±0.834)与对照组(3.235±0.682;4.356±1.081)比较明显增高(P<0.05);血浆 AOA(39.65±7.858)与对照组(48.21±10.81)比较明显降低(P<0.01)。提示:休克时,患者机体内自由基反应增强是引起组织细胞损伤的原因之一。     

Changes in angiopoietin expression in glomeruli involved in glomerulosclerosis in rats with daunorubicin-induced nephrosis

AIM: To study the potential pathological role of endogenous angiopoietins in daunorubicin-induced progressive glomerulosclerosis in rats. METHODS: Seventy male Wistar rats were allocated randomly into a daunorubicin group (DRB; n=40) or a control group (n=30). The rats in the DRB group were injected with DRB (15 mg/kg), in their tails. Subsequently, at intervals of 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 12 weeks, 5 male Wistar rats in each group were chosen randomly for 24 h urinary protein quantitative measurements (24 h UPQM), and determination of plasma tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), angiopoietin-1 (Ang1), and angiopoietin-2 (Ang2) levels. Kidney sections were examined by electron microscopy, Periodic Acid Schiff (PAS) staining, immunohistochemical staining and in situ hybridization histochemistry. RESULTS: As glomerulosclerosis progressed in the DRB group, expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli decreased and expression of TNF-alpha protein, Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli increased. Expression of Ang1 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were negatively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression, and mean area of extracellular matrix (MAECM). In comparison, expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli were positively correlated with 24 h UPQM, Fn protein expression and MAECM; furthermore, there was a positive correlation between plasma Ang2 and 24 h UPQM. Plasma TNF-alpha and expression of TNF-alpha in glomeruli were positively correlated with expression of Ang2 mRNA and protein in glomeruli. There was a negative correlation between Ang1 protein expression and Ang2 protein expression in glomeruli. CONCLUSION: During DRB-induced glomerulosclerosis, podocyte injury led to a shift in the balance of Ang1 and Ang2 in glomeruli. Increased TNF-alpha in plasma and glomeruli may upregulate Ang2 expression in glomeruli. Elevated Ang2 in both plasma and glomeruli may mediate protein permeability through the glomerular filtration barrier. Moreover, local expression of Ang2 may facilitate the progress of glomerulosclerosis by upregulating a component expression of extracellular matrix.     

Trichinellosis in immigrants in Switzerland

We describe a case of trichinellosis diagnosed at the Division of Infectious Diseases, Hospital of Lugano, in January 2009. This case was associated with a cluster of cases and was traced to the consumption of contaminated meat after a wild boar hunt in Bosnia.