热休克蛋白在冠心病猝死病例心肌和血管中的表达及意义

目的:探讨冠心病猝死心肌组织和血管组织HSP70染色改变。为法医学鉴定冠心病猝死提供客观依据。方法:选择8例患冠心病但非冠心病猝死案例(A组)、10例冠心病猝死案例(B组)以及7例非冠心病死亡案例(C组).用免疫组化方法对比检测热休克蛋白70(heat shock protein70 HSP70)的表达。结果:HSP70在患冠心病但非冠心病猝死案例和冠心病猝死案例中呈阳性表达,在心肌组织中冠心病猝死组表达水平明显高于患冠心病但非冠心病猝死组(P0.05),非冠心病猝死组均呈阴性表达。结论:HSP70的阳性表达是心肌和血管缺血缺氧的重要指标,对推断冠心病猝死具有一定的实际应用价值。     

Sudden cardiac death in Air Force recruits. A 20-year review

We reviewed the clinical and autopsy records of the 19 sudden cardiac deaths that occurred among the 1,606,167 US Air Force healthy, medically screened recruits (90% male; 17 to 28 years old) during a 42-day basic training period between 1965 and 1985. Sixteen (all male) died suddenly of underlying structural heart disease, whereas no anatomic cause of death was identified in the remaining three. Thirty-two nonsudden, noncardiac deaths occurred during the same period, and only two had structural heart disease. Strenuous physical exertion was associated with sudden death in 17 of 19 cases (0.017 deaths per 50,000 exercise-hours), and the most frequent underlying etiology was myocarditis. Sudden cardiac death, a rare event in healthy young adults, is usually associated with exertion.     

29例云南不明原因聚集性猝死的尸检病理学研究

目的：分析云南不明原因聚集性猝死的病理特点,为其病因探索和实施干预提供依据。方法：收集云南省进行这类猝死监测以来临床与病理资料较完整的尸检材料29例,占同期死亡病例的10．2％。年龄8至69岁（平均32岁）,男16例、女13例。核查心脏标本,观察了主要脏器的组织病理改变,对其中5例还做了心脏传导系统检查。心肌炎的病理诊断参照Dallas标准和世界心脏联合会的共识,标准克山病的病理诊断依据国家相关卫生行业标准。结果：心脏主要病理改变有：淋巴细胞性心肌炎11例、中性粒细胞性心肌炎3例、致心律失常性右室心肌病4例、左室肥厚合并流出道异常肌束2例、缺血性心脏病2例、过敏性支气管炎和慢性支气管炎合并肺气肿2例、主要脏器未找到明显致死性病理形态改变5例。29例中均未见克山病和扩张型心肌病的病理形态改变。心肌炎均为局灶性,5例心脏传导组织检查见2例有希氏束或左束支起始段急性出血,1例炎症波及房室结。4对家庭聚集性病例的病理改变不同,4例首发猝死中3例为心肌炎、1例慢性感染,续发猝死中3例与急性心肌缺血有关,1例为致心律失常性右室心肌病。多数病例伴肺水肿,少数伴呼吸道和肺部感染。部分出现淤血性或缺血性肝细胞坏死。结论：云南不明原因聚集性猝死的基本病理改变不同,多数为心肌炎症、心脏发育异常和其他致死性心肺疾患,未见克山病的病理学证据,致心律失常性右室心肌病等基础性心脏病应引起重视,猝死的聚集性可能是多种因素的综合表现。     

18例孕产妇围产期死因分析

对８年住院分娩２３３８８例孕产妇资料进行分析，孕产妇死亡１８例，死亡率占同期住院分娩孕产妇７６．９／１０万，死亡原因依次为妊高征、产科出血、风湿性心瓣膜病、剖宫产后猝死、脂肪肝、产后感染。对死亡原因进行分析。并对妊高征合并心脏病、脑血管病、孕产妇风心病、剖宫产后猝死进行讨论。     

SUDDEN CARDIAC DEATH AMONG AUTOPSIED CASES

Sixty-eight sudden cardiac deaths (10.6%) in 642 autopsied cases of cardiovascular diseases were studied. The incidence was highest in ischemic heart disease (29.6%). Cardiac arrest was the most frequent direct cause of death in ischemic heart disease with or without acute myocardial infarction. Embolism was an important immediate cause of sudden death in theumatic heart disease, pulmonary heart disease and infectious endocarditis.     

Pattern of cardiac diseases in children in Pokhara, Nepal

Objective: The objective of the study was to point out the relative public health problems of cardiac diseases in childhood. Material and methods: A study of the cardiac diseases in children attending the Paediatric OPD of Manipal Teaching Hospital, Pokhara, Nepal was done over a period of 2 years. The idea was to see the pattern of diseases, as being a developing country, these diseases would be a large public health problem. 107 cases had been studied and it was found that 52% were congenital heart diseases and 25% were rheumatic heart diseases. Other cases included dilated cardiomyopathy, Pericardial diseases and a few cases of hypertension. All the cases were investigated by ECG, X-ray and echocardiographic studies. These cases are under follow up and some have undergone surgical treatment. Results: In this study in a short period of 2 years we had 107 cases of heart diseases of which 51% were CHD, 25% RHD and others were pericardial disease, DCM, hypertension and some had no demonstrable lesions. All the cases of RHD are being followed by regular Penicillin prophylaxis. Among them one has had mitral valve replacement done and 2 had mitral valvotomy. Of the CHD cases 5 cases have had VSD operated upon, one PDA also had surgery and one case of Fallot's is shortly going to undergo corrective surgery. Conclusion: Heart disease in neonates could be benign or very significant and a high level of suspicion and knowledge of physiology will differentiate between the two. Early recognition of CHD will help to treat the child and if possible get corrective surgery done. Similarly a history of rheumatic fever is important and all children need to be followed up till at least 18 years of age. Key words: CHD-congenital heart diseases, RHD- rheumatic heart diseases, DCM- dilated cardiomyopathy, VSD-Ventricular septal defect, ASD-atrial septal defect, PDA-patent ductus arteriosus.     

Analysis of sudden unexpected death in southern Ontario, with emphasis on myocarditis.

The records of all 2427 autopsies performed at the Brantford (Ont.) General and Paris (Ont.) Willett hospitals from Jan. 1, 1969 to Aug. 15, 1978 were reviewed. Of the 1299 cases of sudden unexpected death investigated by a coroner almost 28% were due to unnatural causes--violence or poisoning. The main cause of natural sudden death was coronary artery disease, which accounted for 43.3% of all the sudden unexpected deaths. In 20 cases the cause of death was thought to be viral myocarditis, and in 9 of the 20 there was serologic evidence of at least previous coxsackievirus disease. Two of the nine cases were of special interest because of the finding of giant-cell myocarditis in one and aortic valve disease in the other. Eleven of the 20 persons were aged 13 to 46 years. These findings support the view that the most serious manifestation of enterovirus infection today is cardiac damage by coxsackieviruses.     

Sudden unexplained death in Asian immigrants: recognition of a syndrome in metropolitan Toronto.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the number of Southeast Asians in Ontario who died of the sudden unexplained death syndrome in Asian immigrants. DESIGN: Retrospective review. SETTING: Ontario. CASES: All deaths reported to the Office of the Chief Coroner for Ontario from 1992 to 1995. OUTCOME MEASURES: Age, residence and country of origin of people who died of sudden unexplained death syndrome in Asian immigrants, as defined by standard criteria, autopsy findings and social history of cases. RESULTS: Eight cases of sudden unexplained death in Asian immigrants were reported during the study period. All involved men, and the mean age at death was 34 (standard error of the mean 7) years (range 23 to 44 years). All of the people were residents of metropolitan Toronto. Four were from Vietnam, three from China and one from the Philippines. Seven people lived with family members; the eighth was unemployed and lived alone. Death occurred during sleep or in the waking hours of the morning in six cases; in two of these cases the person's spouse was awakened by loud, laboured breathing. Two men experienced chest pain, and one of them also had sudden-onset dyspnea. There was no prodromal illness in any case. The only consistent autopsy finding was acute nonspecific pulmonary edema and congestion. Analysis of heart weights failed to reveal signs of significant cardiomegaly. CONCLUSION: Men from Southeast Asia aged 20 to 45 years are at risk of sudden unexplained death, which usually occurs during sleep. No specific factors have been found that could be used to identify people at risk.     

Detection of herpes simplex virus type 1 in rheumatic valvular tissue

Background Rheumatic heart disease (RHD) is the most important sequela of rheumatic fever (RF):evidence that streptococcal infection is aetiological is prominent, but sometimes contradictory. Acute HSV-1 infection in mouse leads to carditis and valvulitis whereas recurrent infection results in inflammatory granulomatous lesions that resemble Aschoff bodies. Cells containing HSV-1 inclusions or virus infected giant cells appear similar to Anitschkow cells or Asehoff cells respectively. We hypothesized that HSV-1 infection also may be involved in RHD.Methods Formalin-fixed, paraMn-embedded valvular tissue samples from 32 patients with RHD were investigated for evidence of HSV-1 infection. HSV-1 antigen was detected by immunohistoehemistry, using HSV-1-specific monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. HSV-1 glyeoprotein D gene sequences were amplified by nPCR,using β-globin gene amplification in the same samples as internal control. Valvular tissue from 5 cases of sudden death and 3 cases died of neisseria meningitis without a history of valvular disease was used for comparison. HSV-1-infected lung tissue was used as positive control.Results HSV-I antigens were detected in valvular tissues from 21 of 32 (65.6%) patients. Fifteen of these 21 (46.9% of cases), but no antigen-negative sample, were positive also for HSV DNA. Nueleotide sequence of PCR products was homologous to the targeted region of the HSV-1 glycoprotein D gene. HSV-1 antigen was present also in one case of sudden death but viral DNA was not found in any tissue sample from tile comparison group. Results from reagent and positive controls were as anticipated.Conclusions This is the first study to show the presence of HSV-1 antigen and genomic DNA in valvular tissues from patients with RHD and provides evidence for an association of HSV-1 infection with some cases of rheumatic valvular disease.     

Sudden death due to ischaemic heart disease in young aboriginal sportsmen in the Northern Territory, 1982-1996.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of sport-related sudden cardiac death due to ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in competitive young Aboriginal sportsmen. SETTING: Northern Territory (NT), 1982-1996. DESIGN: Retrospective case series with cases identified from Australian Bureau of Statistics cause-of-death listings and NT coronial autopsy records. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Circumstances and incidence of sport-related sudden cardiac deaths due to IHD; autopsy findings. RESULTS: Between 1982 and 1996, there were eight sudden cardiac deaths due to IHD and related to sporting activity among Aboriginal sportsmen aged 15-37 years in the NT. Six were associated with games of Australian (rules) football. All occurred in the Top End of the NT in the wet season, and all occurred after the first half, or within an hour of, a game. Four of the players had macrosopic myocardial abnormalities (hypertrophy or previous infarcts) on autopsy. The estimated incidence of IHD-related sudden cardiac death among Aboriginal Australian football players in the NT was 19-24 per 100,000 player-years, compared with 0.54 per 100,000 player-years among Australian rules footballers of similar ages in Victoria. CONCLUSIONS: Incidence of sudden cardiac death attributable to underlying IHD was extremely high among young NT Aboriginal Australian footballers. Prevention will best be achieved by funding culturally appropriate long-term strategies to reduce the incidence of IHD. However, in the short-term, community-controlled programs with education of athletes, heat-stress reduction strategies, and cardiovascular screening should reduce the incidence of sudden cardiac death in sport.     

Sudden Death from Ischemic Heart Disease in Ontario

It is possible that there is a systematic geographical variation in the proportion of deaths from ischemic heart disease that occur suddenly, and that this variation may be causally related to water hardness or some other environmental factor. Three indices of sudden death have been examined; each showed a correlation with water hardness that was of similar sign and magnitude. A detailed examination of 1686 deaths occurring in residents of two cities which differ widely in the hardness of their water supply confirmed that in deaths ascribed to heart disease the proportion of sudden deaths was higher (by 20-30%) in the northern (soft-water) city than in the southern (hard-water) city.     

南充市475例院前猝死病例分析

目的分析院前猝死的各种影响因素,以利提高院前急救成功率。方法对南充市1999年1月至2005年12月期间475例院前猝死患者的性别、年龄,发生时段及诱发病因进行统计学分析。结果年龄大于60岁的人占院前猝死的60.00%。且在冬春季多发;明确有冠心病、心律失常病史的人占院前猝死的56.42%。结论在冬春季节对有冠心病、心律失常病史的老年人,进行积极的预防保健,可减少院前猝死的发生。     

Can infant death from child abuse be prevented?

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effectiveness of a child abuse surveillance and intervention program in protecting infants at risk. DESIGN AND SETTING: A retrospective review of all children discussed by the Suspected Child Abuse and Neglect Team of the Mater Misericordiae Children's Hospital, South Brisbane, over the five year period January 1986 to December 1990. PATIENTS: A total of 2126 children were discussed by the team; 375 were infants (less than 12 months of age) at the time of the initial discussion. Nine infants died suddenly and these nine deaths were examined in detail. RESULTS: All deaths were considered initially to be due to sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), but autopsy findings in six suggested death was not accidental and in the other three significant doubt was raised by the history. Identifying risk factors for non-accidental injury were clearly present in all cases; however, there were major problems with notification to the appropriate authorities. Even in cases where appropriate identification and notification occurred planned interventions by multiple agencies failed to prevent death of these infants. CONCLUSIONS: There is a growing awareness of child abuse as a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in developed countries, but intervention is fraught with multiple difficulties and prevention programs are few. Recommendations are offered for improvement in recognition and notification of incipient child abuse as well as appropriate interventions to prevent infant deaths. Inappropriate death recording procedures may result in some sudden deaths being recorded as SIDS when in fact they are caused by child abuse.     

Sudden cardiac death in young Danes

Sudden Cardiac Death (SCD) in the young (aged 1-35 years), although presumably rare, is always a tragic and devastating event often occurring in apparently healthy persons. Through the last decades, research have been undertaken to estimate the incidence rate and underlying causes of these deaths. However, because autopsy is not always conducted, the true incidence of SCD might be underestimated. The incidence of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) has previously been thoroughly investigated, also in Denmark. However, data has not been precise in sudden unexpected death in infancy (SUDI) estimates. SIDS is a diagnosis of exclusion and an ICD-10 diagnosis (R95.9), but to what extent this diagnosis is being accurately applied has not been investigated in Denmark. A genetic screening for mutations in an otherwise unexplained death, might identify a likely cause of (inherited) death. It would be of great clinical interest if DNA derived from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank, containing DNA from all Danes born after 1981, could be used in this respect. In this thesis we provide nationwide data on SCD, SUDI and SIDS in Denmark for the period 2000-2006 by reading death certificates, autopsy reports, and registry data. We report the highest possible incidence rate of SCD in the young. We elaborate on regional differences in post-mortem investigations of sudden death cases in Denmark and validate a method for whole-genome amplification of DNA from Guthrie cards to be used in genetic screening for disease causing mutations. We found 7% of all deaths in the young could be attributed to SCD. A total of 25% of sudden unexpected death in the 1-35 years old were not autopsied. The incidence of SCD of 2.8 per 100,000 person-years--when including non-autopsied cases--was higher than previously reported. Unexplained deaths were abundant and accounted for 22% of all sudden unexpected deaths. Sudden deaths occurring during competitive sports, however, were only seen in few cases. We found that regional differences exist in the investigation of sudden unexpected deaths. Fewer deaths were medico-legally investigated by external examinations ("retsl?geligt ligsyn") in some parts of Denmark compared to other parts. The same was the case in autopsy ratios. In infant deaths we found that almost 1 in 2000 live-borns died suddenly and unexpectedly during their first year of life. The R95.9 diagnosis did not reflect the SIDS cases we identified. We were able to get DNA from the Danish Neonatal Screening Biobank on 93 cases of unexplained deaths (including SIDS). Due to the limited amount of DNA available from the dried blood spots, we performed whole-genome amplification on the DNA (wgaDNA). We investigated the use of wgaDNA for genetic screening and it completely resembled genomic DNA (gDNA). Future research will focus on the genetics substrate of sudden unexplained death. In addition, we will investigate the causes of death in the 36-49 years old, as these may also suffer from cardiac disease that can be predisposed in the family.     

慢性心力衰竭住院死亡病例临床分析

目的分析慢性心力衰竭（CHF）住院死亡病例的临床特点,为心力衰竭的防治提供依据。方法对2002年1月-2009年12月期间于大连市中心医院心内科住院死亡的239例CHF患者临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果死亡病例的病因以冠心病和高血压心脏病为主,分别为46.4%、21.3%;心力衰竭后总的生存期为5年（2-10年）,男性生存期4年（1-10年）,女性生存期5年（2-15年）;死亡方式依次为：泵衰竭144例（60.3%）,其他并发症死亡44例（18.4%）,猝死36例（15.9%）,脑梗死8例（3.3%）,死因未明3例（1.3%）,脑出血2例（0.8%）。结论冠心病和高血压心脏病是心力衰竭住院死亡的主要病因;心力衰竭主要死亡方式为泵衰竭和猝死。     

2004—2015年中国循环系统疾病死亡谱特征分析

背景 循环系统疾病中的心脑血管疾病已成为影响中国人寿命的"第一杀手",患病率和死亡率仍处于上升阶段。揭示循环系统疾病城乡别、性别、地区别死因顺序及其变化趋势,将为预防和控制循环系统疾病的发生发展提供科学依据。 目的 分析我国2004—2015年循环系统疾病中以心脑血管为主的疾病死亡谱特征,即城乡别、性别、地区别死因顺序及其变化趋势。 方法 利用2004—2015年"全国疾病监测系统死因监测数据集"所定义的"循环系统疾病"资料,选取其中各类别疾病的死亡数和死亡率资料,应用SPSS 13.0统计软件,采用χ2检验方法分析各类别循环系统疾病的城乡别、性别、地区别死亡率的差异及变化趋势。 结果 2004—2013年各年的死因顺位排序为脑血管病→缺血性心脏病→循环系统的其他疾病→高血压心脏病/肾脏病→风湿热和风湿性心脏病;2014—2015年各年死因顺位排序为脑血管病→缺血性心脏病→高血压心脏病/肾脏病→循环系统的其他疾病→风湿热和风湿性心脏病。2006—2015年,脑血管病、缺血性心脏病死亡率呈逐年上升趋势;2004—2015年,高血压心脏病/肾脏病死亡率逐年缓慢上升;风湿热和风湿性心脏病死亡率各年变化不大;循环系统的其他疾病死亡率呈双波浪变化,其中2006年和2013年为波峰。城乡别死亡率：脑血管病各年差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,风湿热和风湿性心脏病除2006、2015年外,高血压心脏病/肾脏病除2005年外,缺血性心脏病除2015年外,循环系统的其他疾病除2004、2005、2011、2012年外,其余年份间差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。性别死亡率：各年份风湿热和风湿性心脏病、缺血性心脏病和脑血管病死亡率性别差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）,循环系统的其他疾病除2005年外,其余各年性别差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）,高血压心脏病/肾脏病死亡率仅2005年和2015年性别差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。地区别死亡率：各年份各类别疾病死亡率地区别差异均有统计学意义（P<0.05）。 结论 循环系统疾病死亡率具有明显的城乡别、性别、地区别差异。缺血性心脏病城市高发,其他各类疾病乡村高发;女性风湿热和风湿性心脏病高发,其他各类疾病均为男性高发;风湿热和风湿性心脏病、高血压心脏病/肾脏病、缺血性心脏病、脑血管病、循环系统的其他疾病死亡率地区别差异明显,应根据地区别的差异确定不同的循环系统疾病的防治重点和采取不同的防治措施。 该文的微信推文请扫描下方二维码查看！     

心脏瓣膜病的瓣膜置换治疗

目的 总结心脏瓣膜病的人工瓣膜置换手术治疗经验。方法 对人工瓣膜置换手术治疗的414例病人结果进行回顾分析。结果 414例中风湿性瓣膜病349例、退行性瓣膜病21例、先天性瓣膜病13例，以及感染性心内膜炎31例。共行主动脉瓣膜置换（AVR）94例，二尖瓣置换（MVR）255例，双瓣置换（DVR）65例。414例手术并发症74例（17．9％）。围术期死亡16例（3．86％）。随访4个月-10年，远期死亡12例（3．02％），余各例均能从事正常生活和工作。结论 适当地选择手术时机、充分的术前准备、良好的手术技巧和围术期处理及恰当的术后抗凝治疗是获得良好手术效果的必要因素。     

257例成年猝死患者临床分析

目的分析成年成年猝死患者的病因和猝死时间,为预防成年患者猝死提供临床依据。方法对2008年10月1日-2012年10月30日马鞍山市十七冶医院院257例成年猝死患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。设定三餐就餐时间：早餐时间6：30—8：30,中餐时间11：00-13：00,晚餐时间18：30—20：30;根据猝死时间是否在就餐时间内分2组,并根据不同就餐时间分3组,组间进行比较;猝死年龄以60岁为界分2组,2组间率的比较采用x。检验,P〈0．05为差异有统计学意义。结果257例猝死患者60岁以上（大于60岁者）183例（71．21％）;小于等于40岁者15例（5．84％）;有冠心病者124例（48．24％）,有糖尿病者88例（34．24％）,有高血压者75例（29．18％）;有脑卒中者61例（23．74％）,不明原因者52例（20．23％）,有慢性阻塞性肺病者26例（10．12％）,有癫痫者10例（3．89％）;小于等于40岁者（总15例）以不明原因死亡者11例;60岁以上组猝死183例,其中猝死时间为就餐时间89例（48．08％）,60岁以下组猝死74例,猝死时间为就餐时间29例（39．19％）,2组间X。检验,x2=14．77,P〈0．01。结论成年猝死患者以印岁以上多见,有冠心病、高血压、糖尿病者多见;年青猝死者以不明原因死亡者多见;年老患者猝死时间以就餐时间多见,故就餐可能是猝死的诱发因素之一。     

Natural deaths while driving: would screening for risk be ethically justified?

OBJECTIVES: To determine the epidemiology and the underlying pathological conditions of natural deaths among motor vehicle drivers. Sudden death while driving may cause damage to properties, other vehicles or road users. Although the Medical Commission on Accident Prevention recommended restrictions to drivers at risk of sudden death due to their medical conditions, these restrictions are useless if they do not result in greater safety to the public. DESIGN: A retrospective study of natural deaths of motor vehicle drivers. SETTING: Natural deaths of motor vehicle drivers reported to the coroner for Birmingham and Solihull. SUBJECTS: 86 consecutive natural deaths of motor vehicle drivers in a five-year period between 1984 and 1988. RESULTS: Of the 86 fatalities reviewed, 80 (93%) sudden deaths were caused by ischaemic heart disease. Fifty vehicles were involved in collision with 32 properties, 20 other vehicles and six pedestrians. Fifty-one out of 80 cardiac deaths had past cardiac history and three had reported chest pain prior to the sudden death. CONCLUSION: An applied normative ethical assessment based on the basic moral principles of autonomy, justice, beneficence and non-maleficence are discussed. We conclude that medical screening of drivers has little benefit for the drivers or other persons.     

Mortality from ischaemic heart disease among patients using anticonvulsive drugs: a case-control study

Patients who use phenytoin and some other anticonvulsive drugs have been shown to have raised concentrations of plasma high density lipoprotein. As this lipoprotein is known to be inversely associated with the incidence of ischaemic heart disease the causes of death of all patients with epilepsy known to be taking anticonvulsive drugs who died during 1978-80 were studied. Of 1399 deaths of anticonvulsant users, 258 (18.4%) were caused by ischaemic heart disease. This was significantly less (p less than 0.001) than the 382 deaths from ischaemic heart disease (27.3%) observed among paired controls matched for sex, age, and date of death. The total cardiovascular mortality was also lower among patients with epilepsy than among controls (p less than 0.02) despite there being more deaths due to cerebrovascular disease among patients. The difference in mortality from ischaemic heart disease was significant for both sexes and was not accounted for by excess deaths due to any other single cause. Users of phenytoin, carbamazepine, and barbiturates (alone or in combination) showed 29% less mortality due to ischaemic heart disease than respective controls (p less than 0.001).