正交设计优选炎宁无糖颗粒成型工艺

目的:通过正交试验筛选出炎宁无糖颗粒的最佳成型工艺。方法:采用正交试验设计,以成型率为指标优选出辅料用量、乙醇体积分数及乙醇用量的最佳量化条件优选成型工艺条件。同时测定颗粒的吸湿性、溶化性和流动性。结果:炎宁无糖颗粒最佳成型工艺条件为:浸膏粉与辅料(糊精)按1∶2的比例混合均匀,以95%乙醇为润湿剂,润湿剂用量为辅料与浸膏总量的30%。结论:优选的成型工艺制备的成品颗粒成型率好,吸湿性、溶化性、流动性均符合要求,为炎宁无糖颗粒成型工艺条件的确定提供实验依据。     

脂心康颗粒成型工艺研究

目的 优选脂心康颗粒的最佳制剂成型工艺.方法 以成型率及溶化性的综合评价为指标,筛选脂心康颗粒的辅料及制备工艺.结果 优先最佳方案为:浸膏:糊精为1∶2,乙醇浓度为85％,乙醇用量为4％.结论 优选出的制剂成型工艺科学合理,所制的颗粒质量较好,成型率、吸湿性及流动性较好.     

门氏柴胡理中颗粒制备工艺研究

目的:优选门氏柴胡理中颗粒的提取工艺及成型工艺,为制剂开发及中试生产提供基础研究。方法:采取L_9(3~4)正交试验法,以提取次数、提取时间、加水量为考察因素,优选门氏柴胡理中颗粒的提取工艺;通过研究颗粒的成型性、溶化性、吸湿性、堆密度、休止角等确定成型工艺。结果:正交试验得出最佳提取工艺为加水10倍量,煎煮2次,第1次1.5h,第2次1.0 h;浸膏粉∶糊精为3∶2,以75%乙醇为黏合剂,所制得的颗粒成型性、流动性好。结论:经优化得到的制备工艺合理,稳定,操作简便,各指标符合规定。     

糖肾康胶囊成型辅料的选择与工艺研究

目的:优选糖肾康胶囊的最佳辅料与制剂成型工艺。方法:在胶囊成型工艺中以颗粒的成型率、细粉率和吸湿性为指标,分别对辅料的种类、配比和润湿剂进行考察,确定生产工艺参数。结果:经考察确定以微晶纤维素与乳糖（1∶1）为辅料,以90%乙醇为润湿剂,按照确定的工艺制备颗粒3批并作评价。颗粒的成型率可达到80%以上,细粉率小于12%,颗粒脆碎度小于5%;颗粒水分测定结果为颗粒含水量小于5%;颗粒流动性考察结果为休止角在30°左右,表明所制颗粒的流动性好;颗粒临界相对湿度（CRH）约为64%。结论:本品所选辅料合理,成型制备工艺可行,可为工业化生产提供依据。     

葛龙舒络颗粒的制备工艺研究

目的：研究葛龙舒络颗粒的制备工艺。方法：以干膏得率和葛根素含量作为评价指标,采用L9（34）正交试验法优选葛龙舒络颗粒的提取工艺;以颗粒吸湿性、流动性和成型性为指标,对干法制粒的工艺进行研究。结果：最佳提取工艺为：加12倍水,回流提取2次（2、1.5 h）;干压法制备得到的颗粒吸湿性、流动性和成型性好。结论：优选得到的葛龙舒络颗粒工艺稳定可行,可应用于工业化生产。     

乳核颗粒的成型工艺研究

目的优选乳核颗粒的最佳成型工艺.方法:研究不同辅料对颗粒成型性、吸湿性、流动性及制粒情况的影响,运用综合评分方法筛选出最佳辅料,并以颗粒性状为依据考察辅料用量.结果最佳制粒工艺为浸膏粉与可溶性淀粉按2:1混匀,以75%乙醇为润湿剂制软材,湿粒在60℃下干燥,成品的流动性和抗吸湿性好,临界相对湿度为66.5%.结论试验结果可为乳核颗粒制剂处方组成的确定提供依据.     

活络效灵丹颗粒成型工艺研究

目的:筛选最佳的活络效灵丹颗粒剂成型工艺条件。方法:采用单因素考察方法,以颗粒流动性、溶化性、吸湿性等为评价指标,筛选出处方中加入辅料的种类及最佳的成型工艺条件。结果:确定最佳成型工艺条件为药粉与乳糖的比例为17∶13,用95%乙醇溶液制颗粒。结论:确立活络效灵丹颗粒的成型工艺合理、可行。     

雄芍颗粒的成型工艺优选

目的:优选雄芍颗粒的成型工艺。方法:以成型率、溶化性、吸湿性、堆密度及休止角为考察指标,筛选制备雄芍颗粒的最佳辅料及其配比,测定颗粒的临界相对湿度。结果:最佳成型工艺为干膏粉与糊精按1∶2比例混匀,以85%乙醇为润湿剂,颗粒的临界相对湿度为74%。结论:该优选工艺方法简便易行,可为雄芍颗粒大生产提供实验依据。     

基于体外药效研究复方夏枯草颗粒的制备工艺

目的：确定复方夏枯草颗粒的提取工艺和颗粒剂的成型工艺。方法：以对人甲状腺癌B-CPAP细胞增殖的抑制作用为指导,以有效成分的转移率为指标,确定最佳提取溶媒;采用正交试验,以出膏率及迷迭香酸和连翘苷的转移率为指标,考察液料比、提取时间、提取次数3个因素对处方药材提取效果的影响,选择最佳提取工艺;以颗粒成型率、流动性、吸湿性、溶化性为指标,考察辅料种类及配比对颗粒成型工艺的影响,优选最佳成型工艺。结果：最佳提取溶剂为35%乙醇;最佳提取工艺：12倍量35%乙醇,浸泡30 min后回流提取3次,每次1 h;最佳成型工艺：辅料为淀粉∶糊精（1∶2）,药辅比1∶0.8,润湿剂为90%乙醇。结论：实验确定的复方夏枯草颗粒的提取工艺和成型工艺稳定可靠,重现性良好。     

金耳多糖胶囊成型工艺的研究

[目的]优选金耳多糖胶囊最佳成型工艺。[方法]通过对金耳多糖粉末及其与不同辅料混合的内容物的粒径、流动性、堆密度、吸湿百分率等项目比较实验,筛选最佳辅料,并确定囊壳及装量。[结果]胶囊最终选择为粗多糖:磷酸氢钙1∶0.1,选用0号胶囊,装量为0.245g。[结论]该工艺可应用于生产。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.