尿道、阴茎

20061582 逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道下裂／易传勋…∥临床泌尿外科杂志．-2005.20（10）．-590～592 应用逆行复合尿道板皮瓣联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形修复重度尿道尿道下裂患者。结果：手术获得成功。术后12d拔除导尿管白行排尿，无尿瘘和尿道狭窄发生。结论；逆行复合尿道板皮瓣血运丰富，伸延性好，手术操作简单，联合阴囊瓦合皮瓣尿道成形术可一期完成尿道下裂修复。成形效果好，是一期修复重度尿道下裂的比较理想的术式。图2参10     

微粒黏膜复合明胶海绵移植耦合局部皮瓣再造尿道

目的 探讨明胶海绵复合微粒包皮内板黏膜或尿道板黏膜游离移植,并耦合局部皮瓣治疗阴囊型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂的手术方法及疗效.方法 2006年4月-2007年12月,收治8例重度尿道下裂患儿,年龄8个月～3岁.阴囊型尿道下裂3例,余均为阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂.阴茎牵拉长度为2.5～4.5 cm.应用明胶海绵复合微粒包皮内板黏膜或尿道板黏膜游离移植,并与大小为2.5 cm×1.0 cm～4.5 cm×1.2 cm的局部皮瓣耦合再造尿道.其中一期修复7例,二期修复1例.结果 患儿手术时间为(150×35)min,术中测量修复尿道缺失长度为(3.38×0.79)cm.皮瓣均顺利成活.8例均获随访,随访时间2～24个月.无尿瘘和尿道狭窄并发症发生.患儿阴茎下弯彻底矫正,再造尿道口位于阴茎头部,能正常勃起和站立排尿,尿道顺应性良好.1例术后12个月出现轻度阴茎下弯,未行治疗.结论 明胶海绵复合微粒包皮内板黏膜或尿道板黏膜游离移植耦合局部皮瓣修复阴囊型及阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂,具有减少局部皮肤应用、改善成形龟头外观、减少尿道并发症的优点,近期疗效较好.     

联合包皮及阴囊带蒂皮瓣修复阴囊型尿道下裂

目的　总结带蒂岛状包皮瓣尿道成形术 (Duckett术 )加阴囊中隔带蒂皮瓣翻转尿道成形术 (中隔皮瓣术 )治疗阴囊型尿道下裂的体会。　方法　对 19例年龄 2～ 12岁 ,尿道缺损长度 5 .0～ 9.0cm的严重阴囊型尿道下裂患儿应用Duckett包皮瓣成形加阴囊中隔皮瓣成形手术方法修复 ,探讨手术应用、并发症预防及尿流改道方法的选择。　结果　 19例随访 6个月～ 4年 ,17例获一期治愈 ,2例并发尿瘘 ,无尿道狭窄并发症。　结论　联合手术方法治疗阴囊型尿道下裂效果满意 ,并发症少 ,双管法尿液引流充分 ,对尿道刺激小     

联合口腔黏膜与阴囊皮瓣重建尿道一期修复尿道下裂

目的 总结联含口腔黏膜和阴囊皮瓣重建尿道一期修复尿道下裂的手术方法及临床效果.方法 2002年3月-2007年12月,联合口腔黏膜和阴囊皮瓣重建尿道一期修复尿道下裂42例.年龄1岁6个月～18岁.阴茎阴囊型21例,阴囊型12例,会阴型9例.34例为既往尿道下裂修复手术失败,初次于术至该次手术时间为6～19个月,平均10个月:8例为初次手术.术中阴茎矫直后尿道缺损3～7 cm,平均4.2 cm.将人小为3.0 cm×1.2 cm～7.0 cm×1.5 cm的口腔黏膜移植于阴茎腹侧白膜,与大小为3.0 cm×1.5 cm～7.0 cm×1.5 cm的阴囊皮瓣对合形成完整尿道.结果 38例术后切口期愈合,无并发症发生.4例术后7 d分别于冠状沟及吻合口端出现尿瘘,其中1例尿瘘于术后2个月自行封闭,3例于术后6个月行尿瘘修补术后愈合.42例均获随访,随访时间3～48个月,平均18个月.术后排尿通畅,重建尿道口均位于阴茎头远端,无回缩,外形接近正常尿道外口形态.阴茎阴囊彤态较满意,阴茎完全矫直.口腔形态、功能无异常.结论 联合口腔黏膜和阴囊皮瓣重建尿道组织量充裕,形成尿道狭窄率低,是一期修复尿道下裂的有效方法之一.     

带蒂包皮双面皮瓣治疗小儿尿道下裂

目的 探讨带蒂包皮双面皮瓣尿道成形术(PPDIF)治疗小儿尿道下裂的适用范围和疗效.方法 尿道下裂患儿99例.年龄4个月～12岁,平均5.1岁.按Barcat分型:阴茎体型56例、阴茎阴囊型24例、阴囊型13例、会阴型6例.在Duckett术基础上,保留部分包皮外板皮肤连同成形尿道转移至腹侧,覆盖新生尿道. 结果 99例随访2年.术后发生尿瘘8例(8.1%)、尿道狭窄1例(1.0%)、皮瓣坏死1例(1.0%).手术总成功率89.9%(89/99).其中单纯应用PPDIF修复阴茎体型或阴茎阴囊型尿道下裂成功率91.2%(73/80),联合尿道口周围皮瓣(Duplay)术修复阴囊型或会阴型尿道下裂为84.2%(16/19). 结论 PPDIF适用于大多数小儿尿道下裂的治疗,术后外形美观.重度尿道下裂患儿联合Duplay矫正疗效肯定.     

隧道法加阴囊旋转皮瓣修复尿道下裂

目的 探讨尿道下裂手术方法。方法 1992年-2000年对42例尿道下裂在一期术后的基础上,采用阴茎皮下隧道法,膀胱粘膜及阴囊正中皮瓣尿道成形,阴囊旋转皮瓣覆盖切口的手术,正位修复尿道下裂,结果 42例中1例术后7天发生尿瘘,3个月后再次采用阴囊旋转皮瓣修复后治愈,其余均手术成功,成功率为97.6%,无尿道狭窄等并发症发生。结论 隧道法加阴囊旋转皮瓣修复尿道下裂的手术方法成功率高,并发症少,值得临床推广使用。     

不同术式一期正位开口修复先天性尿道下裂：附114例报告

总结１１４例不同手术方式一期修复各种类型尿道下裂的经验。本组中阴茎型３０例，阴茎阴囊型６３例，会阴型２１例。阴茎型尿道下裂宜采用包皮内板转移皮瓣尿道成形术。阴囊型根据缺损尿道长短采用阴囊纵带蒂皮瓣术或包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣尿道成形术。会阴型采用包皮内板阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣术或膀胱粘膜尿道造成形术本组一期手术的成功率为８４．８％。     

阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂

目的探讨阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂的手术方法. 方法 1997 年～2003年,对31例尿道下裂患儿,其中阴茎阴囊型21例、会阴型10例,按照尿道下裂的不同病理解剖,进行阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣设计、移位和尿道成形修复手术.阴茎包皮岛状瓣最长7.5 cm,宽1.5～1.8 cm. 结果修复后阴茎外形良好,不臃肿、无扭曲,尿道开口达到正常解剖部位,排尿正常或接近正常.术后发生尿瘘11例,其中阴茎阴囊型6例、会阴型5例,经修补后痊愈. 结论阴茎包皮岛状皮瓣一期修复阴茎阴囊型和会阴型尿道下裂是一种实用、有效的手术方法.     

纵行带蒂包皮瓣一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂

近年来 ,对先天性尿道下裂的治疗方法有了较大的改进 ,多主张选用带蒂皮瓣一期完成阴茎下弯矫正和尿道成形。 1 997年 9月～ 2 0 0 1年 8月我科采用纵行带蒂包皮瓣一期尿道成形术治疗尿道下裂 5 3例 ,恢复了正常排尿功能 ,术后外观良好 ,效果满意。报告如下。1 　 资料与方法1 .1 　 一般资料本组 5 3例尿道下裂全部伴有不同程度下弯畸形 ,年龄 2～ 1 4岁 ,平均 4.5岁。阴茎型 3 4例 ,阴茎阴囊型 1 3例 ,阴囊型 6例。阴茎型全部单独采用纵行带蒂包皮瓣成形尿道 ,阴茎阴囊型和阴囊型中8例联合运用阴囊皮瓣 ,其中阴茎阴囊型 2例采用阴囊中线带…     

阴囊正中带蒂皮瓣一期尿道下裂修复术120例

目的:探讨尿道下裂一期手术的有效方法及效果。方法:对120例尿道下裂患者行阴囊中隔皮瓣一期尿道下裂修复术。结果:120例阴囊正中带蒂皮瓣一期尿道下裂修复术近期成功109例,发生尿瘘8例,皮瓣坏死3例。103例随访1~20年,尿道口狭窄2例。结论:只要严格、认真地处理好每一环节,阴囊正中带蒂皮瓣一期尿道下裂修复术是治疗尿道下裂的一种简单易行、成功率较高的手术方法。     

应用阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣的尿道再修复

目的：探讨阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣在尿道下裂再修复中的应用。方法：阴囊皮肤存在多源性血供系统，4组血管终末支相互吻合，形成完整的动脉环路在肉膜内走行，通过筋膜层滋养皮肤。基于此项解剖学基础，术中设计不含知名动脉的阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣，用于修复原已采用阴囊纵隔皮瓣或其他轴型皮瓣进行尿道下裂矫治而失败的病例。结果：本组20例患者，阴茎型5例，阴茎阴囊型8例，阴囊型7例。除1例出现尿瘘，经处理后痊愈，19例尿道重建成功，效果满意。结论：应用阴囊筋膜血管网皮瓣重建尿道是尿道下裂再修复较为理想的方法。     

Treatment of severe scrotal hypospadias with onlay-type urethroplasty using mouth mucosa

Failure in repairing severe hypospadias complicated with fistula and cutaneous retraction is often associated with lack of subcutaneous tissue and skin providing protection to the neourethra. We report the results of treatment in 6 patients with scrotal hypospadias with severe deviation and scarce dorsal prepuce. A neourethra was created by the onlay technique applying an oral mucosa graft and preserving in all cases the dorsal preputial skin for the island cutaneous flap. All patients had hypospadias without previous repairs excepting one of them, who had had one first time hypospadias repair in other hospital. Patients age ranged between 2 years and 3 months, and 4 years (mean: 2 years and 9 months). In all cases, hypospadias was scrotal type with severe deviation and scarce dorsal prepuce. All patients had prior hormone stimulation with dehydrotestosterone 3%. Surgical repair was performed in one-stage. Urethroplasty included preservation of the urethral plate, oral mucosa graft to provide ventral coverage, and island cutaneous flap with the dorsal preputial skin. In all cases, the chord was dissected behind the urethral plate. In 3 patients a dorsal Nesbit plication was necessary to obtain a complete straighten penis. Results in all 6 cases were satisfactory. Only one patient had a small leakage at the previous neomeatus. The other five patients are asymptomatic. Follow-up ranges from 6 months to 2 years. We conclude that urethroplasty in association with a well vascularized island flap of dorsal preputial skin decrease the incidence of fistulae. In patients with severe hypospadias with scarce dorsal prepuce urethroplasty should be completed with oral mucosa grafts preserving dorsal preputial skin for the ventral cutaneous plasty.     

Y形阴囊皮瓣修复小儿重度尿道下裂12例报告

目的:探讨Y形阴囊皮瓣治疗小儿重度尿道下裂的适用范围和疗效。方法:背侧包皮不充裕的重度尿道下裂患儿12例,包括阴囊型7例,会阴型5例;合并阴茎阴囊不全转位11例,完全转位1例。年龄11个月～12岁,平均4.2岁。采用Y形阴囊皮瓣成形尿道并同期纠正阴茎阴囊转位。结果:平均随访2年,术后阴茎伸直及外观满意,尿道口位置正常。发生尿瘘4例(33.3%),尿道狭窄1例(8.3%),手术总成功率达58.3%。结论:Y形阴囊皮瓣适用于背侧包皮少的小儿重度尿道下裂的治疗,且能同期纠正阴茎阴囊转位,疗效肯定。     

带蒂阴囊正中皮瓣一期尿道下裂成形术的疗效分析

目的:总结带蒂阴囊正中皮瓣一期治疗各型尿道下裂的经验,提高一期治疗尿道下裂疗效。方法:回顾分析本科室1993年5月至2010年12月收治310例各型(除冠状沟型)采用该术式治疗尿道下裂患者的临床资料,所有病例均随访6个月至2年。结果:310例尿道下裂患者,手术治愈271例,治愈率为87.4%(271/310),术后尿道发生尿屡39例,尿瘘发生率为12.6%,无其他并发症发生。术后尿瘘形成与尿道下裂分型、术后综合用药与否及成形皮管长度等因素有关,而与支架管留置时间无关。尿瘘患者瘘口多位于阴茎根部。结论:对于除冠状沟型外的各型尿道下裂,该术式均是一种疗效可靠且简单易行的治疗方案,同时其术后处理也非常重要。     

带蒂阴茎、阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣正位尿道开口Ⅰ期尿道下裂成形术

目的 :探讨带蒂阴茎、阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣正位尿道开口Ⅰ期尿道下裂成形术的临床应用。　方法 :对 14 9例不同类型尿道下裂病人分别行带蒂阴茎、阴囊纵隔联合皮瓣正位尿道开口Ⅰ期成形术 ,并改进了引流形式。　结果 :一次排尿成功 12 2例 ,出现漏尿、包皮水肿 2 7例 ,其中尿道皮肤瘘 3例。　结论 :该手术方式适用于严重阴茎头型、阴茎型、轻度阴囊型的尿道下裂。该术式操作简单 ,易于掌握 ,但应注意术后感染的预防及引流管的护理     

加盖与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法在尿道下裂治疗中的应用

目的评价加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法（Onlay island flap法）与管形包皮岛状皮瓣法（Tubularized island flap法）手术治疗尿道下裂的适应证及疗效.方法总结分析166例尿道下裂修复手术及术后并发症.患儿年龄1～15岁,平均5.1岁.冠状沟型及阴茎体前型尿道下裂36例,阴茎体型81例,阴茎根型36例,阴囊及会阴型13例,其中外院行阴茎下弯矫正术后11例.合并阴茎下弯139例,轻度43例,中度43例,重度53例.采用加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法79例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣法87例.结果 166例手术成功率为90.4%.166例随访2年均未发生尿道狭窄、尿道憩室、阴茎皮肤坏死等合并症.加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（5.1%）,阴茎下弯复发7例（8.9%）,手术成功率为86.1%.管形包皮岛状皮瓣法术后发生尿瘘4例（4.6%）,阴茎下弯复发1例（1.1%）,手术成功率为94.2%.2种术式尿瘘发生率比较,差异无统计学意义;而阴茎下弯复发率比较,差异有统计学意义.结论加盖包皮岛状皮瓣法适用于尿道板发育好的阴茎体及阴茎根型病例,管形包皮岛状皮瓣适用于尿道口位于冠状沟至会阴合并重度阴茎下弯的各型尿道下裂.     

Modified vascularized pedicled scrotal flap for complex hypospadias.

Surgical correction of complex hypospadias defects is a problem. A 1-stage technique using a scrotal septum pedicled skin flap was used in 7 patients with inadequate preputial skin and scarred ventral penile skin unsuitable for satisfactory repair. The results were satisfactory in 5 patients. Distal urethral stricture developed in the remaining 2 patients and 1 of them had a subcoronal urethrocutaneous fistula. Minor hair growth was noted in 1 patient. The pedicled scrotal septum flap is recommended in selected cases of complex hypospadias, particularly when other methods fail.     

De-epithelialized scrotal flap in repair of urethrocutaneous fistula and hypospadias

Eight cases of closure of urethrocutaneous fistula and 15 cases of urethroplasty for hypospadias are reviewed. Most of the fistulas were present in the penoscrotal level. Fistula and hypospadias opening were closed by re-enforcement using a de-epithelialized scrotal skin flap. Of 8 patients with fistula, there was no recurrence, and 3 procedures were performed without urinary diversion or urethral stent. Of 15 patients with hypospadias, there was no fistula formation in the original urethral opening area but a fistula distal to the original urethral opening developed in 3 patients. This technique is satisfactory in repairing complicated as well as noncomplicated urethrocutaneous fistula and can be done without urinary diversion or urethral stent. It appears to be useful in reducing fistula formation following urethroplasty in hypospadias or urethral fistula repair.     

Application of the onlay island flap urethroplasty to penile hypospadias with severe chordee

The onlay island flap urethroplasty was originally used to repair anterior hypospadias without chordee and was later used to repair penile hypospadias with a well developed urethral plate exhibiting little or no chordee after release of skin tethering. It is possible to treat all cases of penile hypospadias even with severe chordee by releasing the chordee without dividing the urethral plate and by reconstructing the urethra with an onlay island flap.     

Combined buccal mucosa graft and local flap for urethral reconstruction in various forms of hyposapdias

PURPOSE: Hypospadias is one of the most common congenital deformities in the male urogenital system. Although there are more than 250 techniques for treating hypospadias, it is often difficult to repair severe hypospadias using conventional methods. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We combined a buccal mucosa graft with a local onlay flap for urethral reconstruction in cases of severe hypospadias or a failed previous operation. A total of 162 patients with hypospadias (glandular 11, penile 40, penoscrotal 49, scrotal 34 and perineal 28) were treated between July 2000 and November 2003. For patients whose urethral meatus was perineal 2 treatment steps were taken. First, we used the aforementioned method to construct the penile urethra, and then we constructed the scrotal and perineal urethra with a local flap. RESULTS: Of the 134 nonperineal cases 127 were managed successfully in 1 stage, and 26 of 28 perineal cases were managed successfully in 2 stages. Most patients had a satisfactory penile appearance. A urethral fistula resulted in 8 cases, of which 4 closed spontaneously within 1 month postoperatively. Meatal stenosis occurred in 1 case. CONCLUSIONS: This technique is simple, safe and reliable, especially in cases of failed previous operation or for salvage hypospadias repair with deficient local tissue.