局部血流动力学与颈动脉斑块相关性的影像技术研究

颈动脉粥样硬化是缺血性脑卒中的重要发病原因之一。局部血流动力学对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的形成、发展、破裂起到至关重要的作用,如低切应力促进斑块形成,高切应力诱发斑块破裂等。基于DSA、CTA及MRI获得的三维影像数据的计算流体力学分析及MR相位对比法可获得血管的血流动力学各参数指标。综合斑块的形态、成分特征及斑块周围的血流动力学特征可为临床提供更有价值的信息。     

基于影像学的管壁切应力在冠状动脉粥样硬化中的研究进展

管壁切应力(WSS)属于血流动力学因素,在冠状动脉粥样硬化的演变过程发挥着重要作用。综述WSS的基本概念及在冠状动脉粥样硬化斑块发生发展中的作用,并重点探究基于血管内成像技术、冠状动脉CT血管成像等影像学技术的WSS研究现状,以及相关血流动力学模型在预测斑块进展、破裂并评估血流动力学风险中的价值,以提高识别责任斑块的效能,为临床进一步诊疗提供重要帮助。     

颈动脉粥样硬化与管腔断面血流播散率研究

目的探讨不同时期颈动脉粥样硬化患者颈动脉断面血流播散情况及分布特点。方法对133例动脉粥样硬化患者进行颈动脉内血流直径播散率测算.在以有无动脉粥样斑块分为动脉粥样硬化无斑块组(A组)60例动脉粥样硬化有斑块组(B组)73例,另设63例颈动脉内-中膜无增厚且无动脉粥样硬化斑块者为对照组(C组)。结果颈动脉内血流直径播散率对照组(29.83±7.587)%,硬化组(37.92±7.733)%,斑块组(47.08±9.613)%,三组组间两两比较存在差异,有统计学意义,对照组与硬化组比较存在差异(P0.01),对照组与斑块组存在差异比较存在差异(P0.01).硬化组与斑块组比较存在差异(P0.01)。结论动脉粥样硬化不同时期,管腔边缘血流状态也随之发生相应改变,可以用血流播散率进行量化表示。此表现符合低壁切应力假说,为低壁切应力假说提供影像学依据。     

磁共振测定颈动脉粥样硬化特征与急性脑梗死的关系

目的:应用3.0T磁共振测定颈动脉斑块负荷、成分与急性脑梗死的发生及梗塞体积的相关性。方法:对62例急性颈内动脉供血区脑梗死患者行颈动脉血管壁磁共振检查,测量颈动脉管腔狭窄率和斑块负荷(最大管壁厚度及管壁体积标准化指数),评价斑块成分(坏死脂核,出血,钙化及纤维帽破裂),测得DWI急性脑梗死体积,计算OR值和Spearman秩相关系数。结果:症状侧颈动脉狭窄程度、最大管壁厚度、管壁体积标准化指数和斑块内出血、钙化和纤维帽破裂的发生率均高于非症状侧(P值均<0.05);症状侧颈动脉管壁体积标准化指数与同侧颈内动脉供血区急性脑梗死体积有较强的正相关(Spearman秩相关系数0.327,P<0.05)。斑块内出血和钙化是较强的急性脑梗死暴露因素(OR值分别为2.4和2.1,P值均<0.05)。结论:症状侧与非症状侧颈动脉斑块特征存在差异,且与急性脑梗死存在相关,提示这些特征可能为斑块不稳定重要因素。     

解毒活血方案对颈动脉粥样硬化血流动力学影响的探讨

目的:观察解毒活血配伍方案对颈动脉粥样硬化血流动力学的影响。方法:入选颈动脉粥样硬化患者120例,随机分为4组,即A组(解毒组)、B组(活血组)、C组(解毒活血配伍组)、D组(洛伐他汀对照组),疗程6月。采用高分辨力超声技术观察治疗前后颈动脉血流动力学改变。结果:解毒活血配伍组提高PSV、EDV、PI,降低RI的疗效优于单纯解毒组、活血组及洛伐他汀组,可显著改善颈动脉血流动力学,从而稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块。结论:解毒活血配伍具有稳定颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的作用,疗效优于单纯解毒、活血及洛伐他汀组。     

颈动脉血流动力学改变与动脉粥样硬化关系的超声研究

目的研究颈动脉血流动力学改变与粥样硬化病变之间的关系,评价血流动力学因素在颈动脉粥样硬化形成中的作用.材料和方法将70例患者分为对照组和高脂血症组,进行颈动脉超声检查,高脂血症组又分为颈动脉斑块组和无斑块组.分别计算最大剪切率(ShearRate,SR),并进行一般指标比较.结果斑块组的年龄明显高于无斑块组和对照组,一般指标比较则无显著性差异.结论年龄的升高及SR减低是颈动脉粥样硬化形成的重要危险因素.     

高血压患者血流动力学改变与颈动脉粥样硬化之间关系的超声研究

目的　研究高血压颈动脉血流动力学改变与粥样硬化病变之间的关系 ,评价血流动力学因素在颈动脉粥样硬化形成中的作用。　方法　将 70例患者分为对照组和高血压组 ,应用多普勒超声技术进行颈动脉超声检查 ,测定其内膜 -中层厚度 ( Intimal-Medial Thickness,IMI) ,将 IMI>1 .0 mm定义为粥样斑块形成 ,按颈动脉是否存在粥样斑块分为颈动脉粥样斑块组和无斑块组。于心电图 T波起始点测量颈动脉收缩中期内径 ,根据血流频谱测量颈动脉收缩期峰值流速 ,按下式计算最大剪切率 ( ShearRate,SR) ,SR=峰值流速× 2 /血管半径 (管径为收缩中期内径 )。并比较两组患者的年龄、体重指数(BMI)、吸烟指数、血压、血脂、血糖。　结果　高血压患者颈动脉粥样斑块的发生率为 5 2 % ,颈动脉内径扩大 ,峰值流速及 SR均低于对照组 ( P<0 .0 1 )。斑块组患者的年龄明显高于无斑块组 [( 61± 7)岁vs( 5 0± 8)岁 ,P<0 .0 5 ],双侧颈动脉最大剪切率均明显低于无斑块组 ( 392 .85± 72 .5 7) /s vs( 4 77.92± 1 2 7.43) /s,( 335 .5 4± 81 .1 8) /s vs( 4 1 5 .5 3±1 1 7.5 /s,P<0 .0 5 )。双侧颈动脉峰值流速亦明显减低 ( P<0 .0 5 )。两组患者的血压水平、血脂及血糖水平、吸烟指数、体重指数均无显著性差异。峰值流速及 SR     

颅内动脉瘤壁切应力与动脉瘤破裂关系的初步研究——基于患者的三维计算机模拟

目的 通过比较颅内无症状动脉瘤和症状动脉瘤的血流动力学参数,寻找与动脉瘤破裂有关的血流动力学因素.方法 5例患者DSA检查共发现8个颈内动脉动脉瘤,分别位于颈内动脉后交通段及颈眼动脉段.通过旋转DSA,重建动脉瘤三维模型,并使用有限体积法进行血流动力学数值模拟,比较不同组动脉瘤及载瘤动脉的血流动力学参数.两组数据对比时采用独立样本t检验,瘤颈与载瘤动脉比较使用配对t检验.结果 无症状组和症状组动脉瘤瘤颈部平均切应力分别为(5.54±2.89)Pa和(4.78±3.84)Pa,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.78);动脉瘤临近载瘤动脉平均切应力分别为(6.6±3.47)Pa和(7.30±3.80)Pa,两组间差异无统计学意义(P=0.80);动脉瘤低切应力区域的大小分别为0.33%和4.72%,两组间差异有统计学意义(P=0.01).结论 动脉瘤壁低切应力区域的大小可能是影响颅内囊状动脉瘤破裂的因素之一.     

颈动脉分叉角与颈内动脉粥样硬化斑块厚度相关性的 CTA 分析

目的：利用多层螺旋CT血管成像(MSCTA)评价颈动脉分叉角与颈内动脉粥样硬化斑块厚度的相关性。方法回顾性分析行颈动脉 CT 血管造影的99例受检者。利用 GE AW4.4工作站进行图像分析,测量颈总动脉分叉角、颈内动脉分叉角、颈内动脉起始部斑块厚度及颈内动脉开口平均直径。根据颈总动脉分叉角、颈内动脉分叉角及颈内动脉分叉角标准化指数的大小分别对双侧颈内动脉斑块厚度进行分组,采用 SPSS16.0软件进行配对 t 检验(正态分布)或 Wilcoxon 符号秩和检验(非正态分布),对颈动脉分叉角与颈内动脉斑块厚度进行偏相关性分析,P <0.05为有统计学意义。结果各组颈内动脉斑块厚度间无差异(P >0.05)。偏相关分析示：颈总动脉分叉角分组中,颈总动脉分叉角与颈内动脉斑块厚度间相关系数 r 值为-0.020(P =0.849);颈内动脉分叉角分组中,颈内动脉分叉角与颈内动脉斑块厚度间相关系数 r 值为0.018(P =0.864);颈内动脉分叉角标准化指数分组中,颈内动脉分叉角标准化指数与颈内动脉斑块厚度间相关系数 r 值为0.005(P =0.962)。结论双侧颈动脉分叉角变化不会导致双侧颈内动脉起始部斑块厚度的差异。     

高分辨力MRI对颈动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性评估的价值

目的 :探讨高分辨力MRI对动脉粥样硬化斑块稳定性评估的价值。方法 :选择28例经颈动脉超声诊断为颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的患者行斑块高分辨力MRI检查,观察颈动脉粥样硬化斑块的成分。结果:28例17个不稳定性斑块和15个稳定性斑块中,高分辨力MRI显示钙化、脂质核心、纤维帽、斑块内出血及纤维斑块差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论:高分辨力MRI对斑块成分及稳定性判定有重要价值。     

Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) - validation of a Swedish version

The Knee injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score (KOOS) is a self-administered instrument measuring outcome after knee injury at impairment, disability, and handicap level in five subscales. Reliability, validity, and responsiveness of a Swedish version was assessed in 142 patients who underwent arthroscopy because of injury to the menisci, anterior cruciate ligament, or cartilage of the knee. The clinimetric properties were found to be good and comparable to the American version of the KOOS. Comparison to the Short Form-36 and the Lysholm knee scoring scale revealed expected correlations and construct validity. Item by item, symptoms and functional limitations were compared between diagnostic groups. High responsiveness was found three months after arthroscopic partial meniscectomy for all subscales but Activities of Daily Living.     

The acutely limping child

Acute limping may be the result of multiple pathologies in children. The differential diagnosis varies based on the age of the child. Irrespective of age, the initial imaging work-up includes AP and frog leg radiographs of the pelvis and ultrasound; MRI may sometimes be helpful. In children less than 3 years, infections and trauma are most frequent. MRI is the imaging modality of choice when osteomyelitis is clinically suspected. Between the ages of 3 and 10 years, transient synovitis of the hip and Legg-Calvé-Perthes disease are main considerations but infection, inflammation and focal bony lesions are also considered. In children over 10 years, slipped capital femoral epiphysis also is considered.     

Do Balance Board Training Programs Reduce the Risk of Ankle Sprains in Athletes?

Introduction Ankle sprains are the most common musculo-skeletal injury that occurs in athletes,particularly in sports that require jumping and landing on one foot such as soccer,and basketball(1-4).These injuries often result in significant time loss from participation,long-term disability,and have a major impact on health care costs and resources(5-8).     

High Intensity Interval Training:New Insights

KEY POINTS ·High-intensity interval training(HIT)is characterized by repeated sessions of relatively brief，intermittent exercise.often performed with an“a11 out”effort or at an intensity close to that which elicits peak oxygen uptake(i.e.，≥90%of VO2 peak).     

Endovascular management of carotid-cavernous fistulas

Objective To investigate endovascular treatment of traumatic direct carotid-cavernous fistulas （CCF） and their complications such as pseudoaneurysms. Methods： Over a five-year period, 22 patients with traumatic direct CCFs were treated endovascularly in our institution. Thirteen patients were treated once with the result of CCF occluded, 8 twice and 1 three times. Treatment modalities included balloon occlusion of the CCF, sacrifice of the ipsilateral internal carotid artery with detachable balloon, coll embolization of the cavernous sinus and secondary pseudoaneurysms, and covered-stem management of the pseudoaneurysms. Results All the direct CCFs were successfully managed endovascularly. Four patients developed a pseudoaneurysm after the occlusion of the CCF with an incidence of pseudoaneurysm formation of 18.2% （4/22）. A total number of 8 patients experienced permanent occlusion of the ICA with a rate of ICA occlusion reaching 36.4% （8/22）. Followed up through telephone consultation from 6 months to 5 years, all did well with no recurrence of CCF symptoms and signs. Conclusion Traumatic direct CCFs can be successfully managed with endovascular means. The pseudoaneurysms secondary to the occlusion of the CCFs can be occluded with stent-assisted coiling and implantation of covered stents.     

Developmental validation of the PowerPlex(®) ESI 16 and PowerPlex(®) ESI 17 Systems: STR multiplexes for the new European standard

In response to the ENFSI and EDNAP groups’ call for new STR multiplexes for Europe, Promega^® developed a suite of four new DNA profiling kits. This paper describes the developmental validation study performed on the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 (European Standard Investigator 16) and the PowerPlex^® ESI 17 Systems. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System combines the 11 loci compatible with the UK National DNA Database^®, contained within the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® PCR Amplification Kit, with five additional loci: D2S441, D10S1248, D22S1045, D1S1656 and D12S391. The multiplex was designed to reduce the amplicon size of the loci found in the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. This design facilitates increased robustness and amplification success for the loci used in the national DNA databases created in many countries, when analyzing degraded DNA samples. The PowerPlex^® ESI 17 System amplifies the same loci as the PowerPlex^® ESI 16 System, but with the addition of a primer pair for the SE33 locus. Tests were designed to address the developmental validation guidelines issued by the Scientific Working Group on DNA Analysis Methods (SWGDAM), and those of the DNA Advisory Board (DAB). Samples processed include DNA mixtures, PCR reactions spiked with inhibitors, a sensitivity series, and 306 United Kingdom donor samples to determine concordance with data generated with the AmpFlSTR^® SGM Plus^® kit. Allele frequencies from 242 white Caucasian samples collected in the United Kingdom are also presented. The PowerPlex^® ESI 16 and ESI 17 Systems are robust and sensitive tools, suitable for the analysis of forensic DNA samples. Full profiles were routinely observed with 62.5 pg of a fully heterozygous single source DNA template. This high level of sensitivity was found to impact on mixture analyses, where 54–86% of unique minor contributor alleles were routinely observed in a 1:19 mixture ratio. Improved sensitivity combined with the robustness afforded by smaller amplicons has substantially improved the quantity of data obtained from degraded samples, and the improved chemistry confers exceptional tolerance to high levels of laboratory prepared inhibitors.     

Bronchial stump fistula :treatment with covered retrievable hinged metallic stents-preliminary clinical experience

Objective To evaluate the preliminaily clinical efficacy and retrievability of a retrievable hinged covered metallic stent in the treatment of the bronchial stump fistula （BSF）. Methods Between April 2003 and March 2005, 8 patients with bronchial stump fistula after pneumonectomy or lobectomy were treated with two types （A and B） of retrievable hinged covered metallic stents. Type A stent was placed in 6 patients and type B in 2 under fluoroscopic guidance. The stent was removed with a retrieval set when BSF was healed or complications occurred. Results Stent placement in the bronchial tree was technically successful in all patients, without procedure-related complications. Immediate closure of the BSF was achieved in all patients after the procedure. Stents were removed from all patients but one. Removal of the stents was difficult in two patients due to tissue hyperplasia. Patients were followed up for 6 - 21 months. Placement of the stents remained stable in all patients except one due to severe cough. Permanent closure of BSF was achieved in 7 （87.5%） of 8 patients. Conclusion Use of a retrievable hinged covered expandable metallic stent is a simple, safe, and effective procedure for closure of the BSF. Retrieval of the stent seems to be feasible. （J Intervent Radiol, 2007, 16： 253-257）     

Prevalence and severity of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male football: a cross‐sectional cohort study of 695 players

The purpose of this study was twofold: (a) to investigate the prevalence of hip and groin pain in sub‐elite male adult football in Denmark and (b) to explore the association between prevalence and duration of hip and groin pain in the previous season with the Copenhagen Hip and Groin Outcome Score (HAGOS) in the beginning of the new season. In total 695 respondents from 40 teams (Division 1–4) were included. Players completed in the beginning of the new season (July–Sept 2011) a self‐reported paper questionnaire on hip and/or groin pain during the previous season and HAGOS. In total 49% (95% CI: 45–52%) reported hip and/or groin pain during the previous season. Of these, 31% (95% CI: 26–36%) reported pain for >6 weeks. Players with the longest duration of pain during the previous season had the lowest HAGOS scores, when assessed at the beginning of the new season, P < 0.001. This study documents that half of sub‐elite male adult football players report pain in the hip and/or groin during a football season. The football players with the longest duration of pain in previous season displayed the lowest HAGOS scores in the beginning of the new season.