Hyperuricemia and gout among Taiwan Aborigines and Taiwanese-prevalence and risk factors

Gout is a metabolic disorder which normally undergoes 4 stages : hyperuricemia, acute gouty arthritis, an intercritical period, and final tophus. Priority associated with gout is hyperuricemia. Only 5% - 10% of patients with hyperuricemia will develop gout. Indeed, the serum uric acid level is correlated with the prospects of gouty attack. Therefore, study of gout epidemiology should focus on the hyperuricemia of a community or ethnic population. Twenty-three million people live in Taiwan,among them, an ethnic minority of 330 000 native inhabitants ( called “Aborigines” ), who live mainly in high mountain areas. The rest are “ethnic Taiwanese”,most of whom came from the southern Mainland Chinese provinces some 400 years ago. Some of the “ethnic Taiwanese” arrived from the central and northern areas of Mainland China 50 years ago.The languages,dietary habits and cultures of the Taiwanese and Aborigines are completely different.     

DNA repair genotypes and phenotypes and cancer susceptibility

The role of DNA repair in the etiology of cancers has been well illustrated in several hereditary syndromes, in which an inherited defect in DNA repair and related biological processes is associated with extraordinarily high incidence of cancer. For example, patients with xeroderma pigmentosum（XP） have germline mutations in genes involved nucleotide excision repair（NER） coupled with more than 1000-fold increased risk of UV-induced skin cancers. However, such associations between inherited DNA repair defect and risk of cancer have not been apparent in the general population.     

Cloning and Expression of Apolipoprotein E3 and Its Variant apoE2 and apoE4

In order to obtain three isoforms of apolipoprotein E （apoE）, the eDNA encoding apoE3 was obtained by RT-PCR from normal human liver tissue, Site-directed mutagenesis was used to obtain the cDNAs encoding apoE2 and apoE4 isoforms. The 3 cDNAs were subcloned into vector pGEM-3Z and verified by DNA sequencing. The expression recombinant which can express the target protein as a （His） 6-tagged fusion was constructed by subcloning apoE eDNA into vector pTT-PL, The purified proteins were gained by Ni-NTA column, The SDS-PAGE results revealed the 6 His fusion proteins （apoE2, apoE3 and apoE4） were correctly expressed and purified successfully.     

Anomaly and tumor of the kidney and urinary tract

930159 Transurethral microwave irradiationfor bladder neoplasm.YANG Xuehui(杨学辉),et al.Dept Urol,Beijing Milit Area GeneralHosp,100700.Natl Med J China 1992;72(9):531-533.Forty-two patients with bladder neoplasmwere treated effectively by transurethral mi-     

Notes and News

SYMPOSIUM ON ACUTE ABDOMEN HELDIN TIANJINA symposium on acute abdomen was held inTianjin to cerebrate the 25th Anniversary of theendeavoring of Tianjin Nankai Hospital to work onthe integration of TCM-WM and the 10th Anniver-sary of the founding of Tianjin Institute of AcuteAbdominal Diseases,in May 1985.Some 100 par-ticipants from various parts of the country attendedthe meeting.Dr.Tian Jinfu,director of Bureau ofTCM under the Ministry of Public Health,Dr.Ji     

Notes and News

AN EXHIBITION ON ACUPUNCTURE,PHARMACOLOGY,HYGIENICS INTRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINEThe Paracelso Institute,in collaboration withthe Friendship Association of Chinese Students andScholars in Italy,held in Rome,Italy,an exhibitionon traditional Chinese medicine,bearing the follow-ing title:     

Cancer and Thrombosis

Since 1865,Aremand Trousseau first reported on the association between cancer and thrombosis.For many years,it has been recognized that venous thromboembo- lism (VTE) is a common occurrence in patients with ma- lignant disease.Compared to other groups of patients with VTE the cancer population is unique because the pathogenesis of thrombosis differs,the frequency of VTE is greater and the clinical management required is more     

Stomach and duodenum

930518 Gastric emptying time with~(99m)T_c—resinsolid experiment meal.CHEN Ken(陈恳),et,al.Dept Intern Med,Guangdong Med Coll Hosp,Zhanjiang,524001.Chin J Intern Med 1993;32(5):302—305.Half gastric emptying time(GET1/2)wasmeasured by using radionuclide T—photographywith ~(99m)T_c-resin solid experiment meal.The re-sults were obtained as follows(1)GET1/2 inthe normal controls(10 cases)was 51.62±3.69minutes,(2)GET1/2 in mild chronic atrophicgastritis(CAG)patients was 51.68±9.20 min,not significantly different with the normal con-     

克山病病区粮喂养大鼠肾、肝T－（4）5＇－脱单碘酶的损伤及硒和维生素E的保护作用

本文测定了克山病病区粮喂养大鼠肾、肝Ｔ４５’－脱单碘酶活性以及补硒和维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）对它们的影响。结果表明，病区粮组肾、肝Ｔ４５’－脱单碘酶活性明显下降，硒和ＶＥ对其具有较好的保护作用；并具有一定的量效关系。其意义为，组织中Ｔ３生成量的增加，加强了甲状腺激素（ＴＨ）对心肌组织氧化磷酸化的调节作用。     

克山病病区粮喂养大鼠血清TSH和TH的变化及维生素E和硒的影响

用克山病病区粮及在其中补充维生素E和(或)硒喂饲大鼠,以非病区粮喂养的大鼠为对照,观察其血清中促甲状腺激素(TSH)和甲状腺激素(TH)的变化。结果表明,病区粮组大鼠血清中TSH水平明显高于非病区粮组大鼠,补充硒或VitE后,其血清中TSH仍处于高水平,但联合补充硒和VitE后其血清中TSH水平明显下降,恢复到了对照组大鼠的水平;各组间血清TH水平差异不大。提示我们,克山病病区粮喂养大鼠其垂体前叶分泌TSH细胞受到了影响,联合补充硒和VitE可以抵消病区粮致病因素的作用,进而表明硒和VitE的联合缺乏可能是克山病的基本病因。     

克山病病区粮喂养大鼠肝脏组织化学及超微结构的改变—硒和维生素E的影响

本文观察了克山病病区粮喂养大鼠肝脏组织化学和超微结构的改变以及硒和维生素E的影响。病区粮组动物肝组织在体外缺氧2h后,其琥珀酸脱氢酶和谷氨酸脱氢酸活性明显下降。病区粮组肝细胞线粒体出现肿胀、嵴溶解、髓样结构形成,粗面内质网发生崩解、断裂及核蛋白体的离散等改变。在病区粮饲料中分别加入0.1ppm硒和100ppm维生素E对克山病致病因素引起的上述改变均有很好的预防作用。     

硒对~3H—亮氨酸参入大白鼠胰腺组织蛋白和分泌蛋白的影响

本文用低硒的克山病病区粮和病区加硒粮分别饲喂大白鼠12～14周,以[~3H]-亮氨酸参入胰腺组织蛋白和分泌蛋白的速率等为指标,对比观察硒对蛋白质合成的影响。结果发现硒可防止病区粮引起的组织蛋白和分泌蛋白合成障碍及胰淀粉酶活性降低。并结合低硒对胰腺谷胱甘肽氧化酶(GSH—Px)活性下降、脂质过氧化物(LPO)升高,简要分析了硒在维持胰腺蛋白质合成和消化酶活力中的生化作用。     

亚硝酸钠对饲克山病病区粮大鼠花生四烯酸代谢影响

以低硒（Ｓｅ）低维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ）的克山病病区粮饲养大鼠１０周，用腹腔注射亚硝酸盐引起急性缺氧的方法，观察花生四烯酸代谢及其主要产物水平的变化。结果表明，病区粮组大鼠磷脂酶Ａ２活力、花生四烯酸含量、血栓素水平、血栓素／前列环素比值增高；前列环素水平、抗氧化酶活力降低；补Ｓｅ和ＶＥ可使上述变化逆转。结果提示，花生四烯酸代谢紊乱、抗氧化能力降低，是亚硝酸钠与Ｓｅ和ＶＥ缺乏协同引起心肌损害的作用环节。     

Effect of Sodium Nitrite on Myocardial Glutathione Peroxidase and Protective Action of Vitamin E and Selenium

Under the condition of acute NaNO_2 poisoning, the changes of myocardial GSH-Px activity of rats fed a diet composed of grains grown in the endemic region of Keshan disease and the same diet with supplementation of vitamin E or selenium were investigated. By gavage of toxic doses of NaNO_2, the myocardial GSH-Px was significantly reduced (P<0.05). Vitamin E or selenium supplementation protected the enzyme activity from reducing. It is suggested that the simultaneous action of an increase in selenium and vitamin E intake and a decrease in nitrite intake might greatly prevent the occurrence of Keshan disease.     

维生素E加硒对防治动脉粥样硬化作用的实验研究

目的:探讨维生素E(VE)加硒(Se)对家兔动脉粥样硬化(AS)的防治作用。方法:用高脂饲料诱导家兔形成AS,在致AS同时和致AS后分别通过口服途径补充VE和Se,通过对兔毛周围动脉、心肌Se含量及周围动脉、冠状动脉粥样硬化指数(AI)的检测与分析,系统、深入地探讨了VE和Se对AS的防治作用。结果:①通过预防和治疗途径口服补充硒可同等程度地提高兔毛、周围动脉、心肌中Se含量;②口服途径补充VE和Se可从程度上和数量上减少AS的形成,预防和治疗作用强度无差异,但AI值的减少无统计意义;③兔毛、周围动脉、心肌Se含量与AI值无相关性。结论:VE加Se有一定的抗AS作用,治疗和预防作用强度无差异。     

喂饲克山病病区粮大鼠全血GSH－Px活力的动态变化及硒和维生素E的影响

本文应用低硒的克山病病区粮喂饲大鼠并在其中补充一定剂量的硒或维生素Ｅ（ＶＥ），观察其对全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力的动态影响。实验结果表明，喂饲病区粮６周时，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力大幅度降低，并一直保持在最低水平。１０周时在缺氧因素（ＮａＮＯ２）影响下，ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ活力进一步明显下降。在病区粮中补一定剂量硒，２周时酶活性显著提高，４周时提高了１００％并保持在较高水平。联合补硒和ＶＥ的作用优于单纯补硒。在ＮａＮＯ２作用情况下，补硒或补ＶＥ组ＧＳＨ－Ｐｘ未出现明显降低，提示其对缺氧性损害的抵抗力增强，此作用亦以联合补硒和ＶＥ的效果最佳。     

Experimental study of the effect of calcium on thyroid hormone metabolism

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维生素C对低硒低铬饲料饲养大鼠肝细胞电生理的影响

目的阐明微量元素Se、Cr含量异常时肝细胞损害的机理。方法用细胞内微电极技术分别观察了：正常对照(两组)、单纯低Se、低Se高维生素C、单纯低cr、低Cr’高维生素C、低Se低Cr、低Se低Cr伴高维生素C饲料饲养14w后大鼠肝细胞电生理的改变。结果单纯低铬组无变化；单纯低硒组RP、APA降低，APD50、APD50延长；低硒并低铬组RP、APA降低，APD50、APD90明显延长；低Se高维生素C组仅RP降低，APA、APD与对照组相比差异无显著性意义。结论低硒并低铬可明显改变肝细胞的电生理特性，维生素C可以对抗低Se并派Cr所致的这种变化。