重度创伤后多脏器功能不全的临床分析

目的 :探讨严重创伤患者并发多脏器功能不全综合征 (MODS)的易患因素、发病率及预后情况 ,为MODS早期诊断、治疗提供依据。方法 :回顾性调查 1998年～ 2 0 0 3年 2 73例重度创伤患者 ,对 MODS易患因素以及器官衰竭情况与创伤评分相关性进行研究。结果 :6 3例合并 MODS,死亡 4 2例。 MODS的发生率与重度创伤后合并感染、较长的休克期及自身免疫状况因素有关 (P<0 .0 5 )。创伤评分 ISS分值在 16～ 2 5分 ,MODS的发生率为 10 .6 % ,病死率为 30 .0 % ;分值在 2 5～ 35分 ,MODS的发生率为 19.0 % ,病死率为 5 3.5 % ;而分值超过 35分 ,则 MODS的发生率为 78.1% ,病死率为 96 .0 %。结论 :对严重创伤患者 ,充分认识 MODS的危险因素 ,并积极调控机体炎症反应 ,防治感染性休克 ,缩短休克期 ,可能是降低 MODS发生的关键     

严重创伤致原发性多脏器功能障碍31例临床分析

目的 :研究原发性MODS与创伤评分的关系及器官功能障碍的发生频度和预后 ,为治疗提供依据。方法 :回顾调查 3 1例严重创伤后原发性MODS患者 ,入院时ISS评分值、脏器受累情况及治疗、预后情况 ,并作相关分析。结果 :创伤ISS评分 :2 0～ 3 0分 8例 ,死亡 2例 ;3 1～ 5 0分 14例 ,死亡 6例 ;>5 0分 9例 ,死亡 8例。在原发性MODS中 ,循环、呼吸功能障碍最为常见 ,其次为中枢及血液。直接死亡原因依次为循环、中枢和呼吸等。结论 :创伤评分直接反映原发性MODS的预后情况。治疗的关键是治疗原发性创伤 ,包括“手术修复和脏器功能支持”     

重症急性胰腺炎并发菌血症的临床分析

目的探讨重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)并发菌血症的临床特点。方法回顾性分析26例SAP并发菌血症患者,同时选取26例3次以上血培养均为阴性的SAP患者作为对照组,比较两者的细菌谱构成及药敏结果、治疗经过、并发症发生率及病死率。结果 SAP患者并发菌血症,主要细菌:大肠埃希菌(30.8%)、鲍曼/溶血不动杆菌(23.1%)、粪肠球菌(15.4%)。26例中并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)15例(57.7%),多脏器功能衰竭(MODS)13例(50.0%),并发其他部位感染15例(57.7%)。随访3个月死亡11例(42.3%);对照组并发ARDS4例(15.4%),MODS3例(11.5%),死亡3例(11.5%),并发其他部位感染6例(23.1%)。两组差异有统计学意义(P﹤0.05)。结论 SAP并发菌血症常同时合并其他部位感染,其MODS及ARDS严重并发症的发生率、病死率较高。     

胸外伤诱发急性呼吸窘迫综合征100例临床诊治分析

目的探讨胸部外伤诱发呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)的临床特点及治疗方法,为其诊断和治疗提供理论依据。方法对100例胸外伤发生ARDS的临床资料进行分析,并将所有患者随即分为治疗组和对照组各50例,治疗组给予小潮气量通气,对照组给予常规潮气量通气,观察两组治疗效果及血气分析。结果年龄≥60岁,呼吸频率≥28次∕min,收缩压≥12kPa,肋骨骨折≥4处,伴有肺挫伤和腹腔内脏器损伤及ISS值≥16与胸外伤发生ARDS密切相关(P<0.01),治疗组VILI、VAP、MODS及死亡例数明显低于对照组,并且通气时间明显少于对照组,差异均有明显的统计学意义(P<0.01)。结论高龄、呼吸困难、高血压、多发肋骨骨折、肺挫伤,、腹腔内脏损伤、是影响胸外伤并发ARDS的高危因素,低潮气量机械通气适合ARDS患者应用。     

脑血管病并发多脏器功能失常综合征的死亡分析

目的　探讨脑血管病 (CVD)并发多脏器功能失常综合征 (MODS)的发病和死亡机理、防治及其预后。方法　将 44 5例CVD患者分为MODS组 12 2例 ,无MODS组 32 3例 ,二组进行对照分析。结果　MODS发生率 2 7 4% ,死亡率 35 2 %。非MODS组死亡率 6 2 % (P <0 0 1) ,二组对照有显著性差异。结论　脑血管病MODS累及器官越多 ,死亡率越高     

危重病患者并发多器官功能衰竭临床分析

多器官功能障碍综合征 (MODS)是危重病患者死亡的主要原因之一。通过对我院 1 999年 8月至 2 0 0 2年 8月明确诊断为MODS的 1 0 2例患者的临床资料的回顾性分析 ,以提高对危重病患者发生MODS的认识。1　临床资料1 1　一般资料　 1 0 2例MODS患者 ,男 78例 ,女2 4例 ,年龄 2 3～ 84岁 ,平均 48 7岁。全部患者发生MODS前均有全身炎性反应综合征 (SIRS)。SIRS ,MODS诊断标准依文献 [1 ,2 ]。 1 0 2例患者中 ,严重创伤 43例 ,创伤严重程度评分 (ISS)均≥1 6分 ,平均 ( 31 37± 8 2 6)分 ,严重感染性疾病 32例 ,脑血管疾病 1 7例…     

腹部创伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征患者病死危险因素分析

目的:探讨腹部创伤合并多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)患者的死亡危险因素.方法:回顾性分析178例腹部创伤合并MODS患者(死亡71例)的危险因素.应用SPSS13.0行单因素和多因素非条件Logistic回归分析.结果:腹部创伤合开MODS患者的病死率为39.9%.年龄、休克持续时间、并发多发伤、腹内多脏器损伤、存在漏诊漏治、大量输血(＞2000mL)、手术类型、受伤至确定性手术时间、腹腔感染、存在致死性三联征、合并肺部感染、Marshall评分≥8分、MODS累及器官≥3个、血液净化、机械通气、住院时间等16个因素与腹部创伤合并MODS患者病死关系密切(P＜0.05);MODS累及器官≥3个(OR=12.188,P=0.035)、Marshall评分≥8分(OR=19.740,P=0.004)、休克持续时间(OR=18.480,P=0.006)、腹腔感染(OR=30.838,P=0.006)是主要的死亡危险因素;另外使用血液净化(OR=0.001,P=0.001),住院时间长(OR=0.025,P=0.034)是保护性因素.结论:及时救治休克,合理处理腹部及并发其他部位的损伤,积极控制感染和机体炎症反应,维持内环境稳定,可能是降低MODS病死率的关键.     

严重多发伤后多器官功能障碍综合征251例临床观察

目的:探讨严重多发伤及创伤后多器官功能障碍综合征(MODS)的临床特点和诊治方法。方法:回顾性分析多发伤中导致多脏器功能障碍综合征251例的临床资料。结果:251例患者共有726个器官衰竭,死亡98例(39.0%),其中2个器官衰竭死亡率12.6%,3个为41.3%,4≥个为91.2%;休克203例,感染146例。结论:损伤严重度评分越高、患者衰竭器官数越多,死亡率越高;休克、感染为常见的MODS促发因素;积极处理原发伤,强化休克、感染的早期诊治,预防性维护重要脏器功能,是严重多发伤救治和MODS防治的关键环节。     

Clinical study of the patients with severe acute pancreatitis complicated by bacteremia

目的 探讨重症急性胰腺炎(severe acute pancreatitis,SAP)并发菌血症的临床特点.方法 回顾性分析26例SAP并发菌血症患者,同时选取26例3次以上血培养均为阴性的SAP患者作为对照组,比较两者的细菌谱构成及药敏结果、治疗经过、并发症发生率及病死率.结果 SAP患者并发菌血症,主要细菌:大肠埃希菌(30.8％)、鲍曼/溶血不动杆菌(23.1％)、粪肠球菌(15.4％).26例中并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(ARDS)15例(57.7％).多脏器功能衰竭(MODS)13例(50.0％),并发其他部位感染15例(57.7％).随访3个月死亡11例(42.3％);对照组并发ARDS 4例(15.4％),MODS 3例(11.5％).死亡3例(11.5％),并发其他部位感染6例(23.1％).两组差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 SAP并发菌血症常同时合并其他部位感染.其MODS及ARDS严重并发症的发生率、病死率较高.     

胸外伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征的危险因素分析

目的:探讨胸外伤并发急性呼吸窘迫综合征(acuterespiratorydistresssyndrome,ARDS)的临床高危因素。方法:对收治的胸外伤患者186例的临床资料进行回顾性分析,分析26例并发ARDS患者的危险因素。结果:年龄≥60岁、呼吸频率≥28次/min或<10次/min、入院时血压<90/60mmHg、PaO2<60mmHg、PaCO2>50mmHg、有呕吐误吸史、血气胸量≥2000ml、肋骨骨折≥5根、有肺部并存病、ISS≥16是胸外伤并发ARDS的高危因素。结论:年龄、呼吸频率、入院时血压、PaO2、PaCO2、呕吐误吸史、血气胸量、肋骨骨折、肺部并存病、ISS值是胸外伤并发ARDS的危险因素。     

Value of D-Dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection

Objective: To evaluatel the value of D-dimers in patients with acute aortic dissection (AAD). Methods: This study consisted of 16 patients with AAD and 27 non-AAD patients. Serum D-dimets were measured by Sta-Liatest D-DI immunoturbidimetric assay. Results: D-dimer level was higher (P ＜ 0.001) in patients with AAD(7.91 ± 5.52 μg/ml) than that in non- AAD group(1.57±1.24 μg/ml). D-dimer was positive (＞0.4 μg/ml) in all patients with AAD and in 10 control group patients (37%). Among patients with acute AAD, D-dimers tended to be higher in Stanford A than in Stanford B (8.67 ± 4.31 μg/ml vs. 3.24±1.27 μg/ml, P ＜0.01). D-dimer values tended to be higher in more extended disease(3.84 ± 1.65 μg/ml, 8.57 ± 3.58 μg/ml and 11.87 ± 5.69 μg/ml in thoracic aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta, thoracic and abdominal aorta and iliacal arteries, respectively, P ＜ 0.05 for both 8.57 ± 3.58 and 11.87 ± 5.69 vs. 3.84 ± 1.65 ). Including the control group into the analysis, we found a sensitivity of 100%, a negative predictive value of 100%, and a specificity of 66% and a positive predictive value of 64% for D-dimer in diagnosis of AAD in our patients with suspected AAD. Conclusion: D-dimer was elevated in patients with AAD. A negative D-dimer test result could be useful in excluding AAD.     

Research of combined liver-kidney transplantation model in rats

Objective： To set up a simple and reliable rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation. Methods： SD rats served as both donors and recipients. 4℃ sodium lactate Ringer＇s was infused from portal veins to donated livers,and from abdominal aorta to donated kidneys, respectively. Anastomosis of the portal vein and the inferior vena cava （IVC） inferior to the right kidney between the graft and the recipient was performed by a double cuff method, then the superior hepatic vena cava with suture. A patch of donated renal artery was anastomosed to the recipient abdominal aorta. The urethra and bile duct were reconstructed with a simple inside bracket. Results： Among 65 cases of combined liver-kidney transplantation, the success rate in the late 40 cases was 77.5%. The function of the grafted liver and kidney remained normal. Conclusion： This rat model of combined liver-kidney transplantation can be established in common laboratory conditions with high success rate and meet the needs of renal transplantation experiment.     

BLOOD PRESSURE CHANGE WITH AGE IN SALT-SENSITIVE TEENAGERS

Objective To observe blood pressure change with age in salt-sensitive teenagers whose salt sensitivity were determined by repeated testing.Methods Salt sensitivity was determined through intravenous infusion of normal saline combined with volume-depletion by oral diuretic furosemide in 55 teenagers. After five years, salt sensitivity was re-examined and subject blood pressure was followed up. Blood pressure changes in salt-sensitive teenagers were compared to that of non-salt sensitive teenagers over five years.Results After 5 years, the repetition rate of salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading is 92.7%. In teenagers with salt sensitivity on the baseline, both the systolic blood pressure increments and increment rates were much higher than non-salt sensitive teenagers (12.7±12.1 mmHg vs. 2.8±5.2 mmHg, P＜ 0.01; 12.2%± 12.0% vs. 2.5% ±4.4%, P＜ 0.001,respectively). There was a similar trend for diastolic blood pressure (8.4 ± 6.4 mmHg vs. 3.7 ± 6.4 mmHg, P = 0.052; 13.2% ±10.6 % vs. 6.8%± 10.1%, P = 0.053, respectively).Conclusions Salt sensitivity determined by intravenous saline loading showed good reproducibility. Blood pressure increments with age were much higher in salt-sensitive teenagers than non-salt sensitive teenagers, especially in terms of systolic blood pressure.     

安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术后生活质量影响的研究

目的：评价使用安心颗粒对急诊经皮冠状动脉介入术（PPCI）术后生活质量的影响.方法：将160例接受PPCI的急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者随机分为安心颗粒组（术前顿服安心颗粒8.8g,术后安心颗粒4.4 g/次,每日2次）和对照组（仅接受基础药物治疗）.所有患者均服用阿司匹林、氯吡格雷和阿托伐他汀.分别在入院时、出院前1d、出院后180 d时,应用心肌梗死多维度量表（MIDAS）、中文版SF-36评价量表对患者生活质量评分.并观察术后30 d以内的出血并发症、血小板减少症发生情况.结果：入院时和出院前1d,两组患者的心肌梗死MIDAS、SF-36量表评分比较无差异（P＞0.05）;出院后180 d时,与对照组比较,安心颗粒组MIDAS、SF-36评分明显减低（P＜0.05）;组内与入院时比较,两组出院前1d、出院后180 d时,MIDAS、SF-36评分均降低（P＜0.05）.两组患者在随访期间均无大量出血、少量出血、重度和极重度血小板减少症发生,安心颗粒组有4例、对照组有7例发生不明显出血（P＞0.05）.两组发生轻度血小板减少症的患者数比较无差异（P＞0.05）.结论：PPCI使用安心颗粒,能改善急性ST段抬高型心肌梗死患者的生活质量,且不增加出血风险.     

The comparative studies of the influences of Urapidil and Nicardipine on sino-atrial node function, atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics

Objective:To investigate the influences of urapidil and nicardipine on rabbit sinus function,atrio-ventricular node function and hemodynamics.Methods:Thirty-two Angora's rabbits were selected and randomly divided into four groups.U1 group:urapidil 0.25 mg/kg;U2 group:urapidil 0.5 mg/kg;N1 group:nicardipine 10 μg/kg;N2 group:nicardipine 20 μg/kg.All these medicine were administrated within 30 seconds.Measurements were taken before and after the administration of urapidil or nicardipine for the following data:mean blood pressure(MAP),heart rate(HR),sino-atrial conduction time(SACT),maximal sinoatrial recovery time(SNRTmax)corrected sinus node recovery time(CSNRT),index of sinus node recovery time(SNRTI),Wenckebach A-V conduction frequency (WB),and P-R interval.Results:Significant MAP and HR changes were identified in all of the four groups before and after administration of both urapidil and nicardipine.No significant changes could be found in the rest of the parameters.Intergroup analysis showed that SACT and CSNRT of N1 and N2 groups were shorter than those of the U2 group(P＜0.01);the MAP decreased(P＜0.01)and the HR increased drastically(P＜0.01).Conclusions:Neither urapidil(0.25 mg/kg,0.5 mg/kg)nor nicardipine(10μg/kg,20μg/kg)has any significant influence on rabbit sinus function or rabbit atrio-ventricular node function.Nicardipine could be a better choice than urapidil for parafunctional sinus node patients.     

Expression of OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the patients of hip fracture due to osteoporosis

Objective：To investigate the gene expression of osteoprotegerin（OPG） and osteoclast differentiation factor（ODF） in the bone tissue of patients with hip fracture due to osteoporosis. Methods：OPGmRNA and ODFmRNA in the bone tissue in 50 cases of osteoporosis sufferers（over 50 years old） with hip fracture（Observer Group） and 30 cases of hip facture sufferers with no osteoporosis（Control group） were analyzed with the Semi-Quantitative RT-PCR method. Results：The mRNA expressed of ODF, OPG were both high in the patients with hip fracture. In the control group, the expression of OPG mRNA was observed, while the expression of ODF mRNA was very slight. Conclusion：Aged patients contained all signals including OPG, ODF that are essential for inducing osteoclastogenesis and promoting bone resorption.     

The clinicopathological and immuohistochemical analysis of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas： report of 9 cases

Objective：To investigate the clinical features, pathological characteristics and immunophenotype of solid-pseudopapillary tumor of the pancreas（SPTP）. Methods：Nine surgically treated cases of SPTP were retrospectively reviewed. Hematoxylin and Eosin（HE） staining and immunohistochemical staining were used to analyze all cases, and the general clinical data was collected. Results：Six patients were asymptomatic except for a palpable mass. Two patients complained of vague-epigastric pain. One patient appeared jaundice. The tumor was encapsulated and solid tissues alternately with cystic tissues. Histologically, the histological structure of solid portion was pseudopapillary with a fibrovascular core. Tumor cells were uniform and medium-sized which were arranged in sheets ets or nests or pseudopapillary patterns. Immunohistochemical studies demonstrated that SPTP proved positive in vimentin（9/9 cases）, AAT（9/9 cases）, NSE（9/9 cases）, ACT（7/9 cases）, CK20（2/9 cases）, CgA（1/9 cases）, S-100（3/gcases）, PR（4/gcases）, Syn（3/9 cases） and CD56（5/9cases）, negative in CEA and ER. Conclusion：SPTP is a tumor predominantly occurring in young women frequently without special symptoms. This tumor has various characteristical histological patterns with different immunophenotype.     

Dynamic Changes in Serum Estradiol and Progesterone levels in Patients of Premenstrual Syndrome with Adverse Flow of Liver-qi

Objective:To probe into the influence of changes of ovarian hormones on the pathogenesis of the specific sub-type premenstrual syndrome(PMS)and reveal partial microcosmic mechanisms of adverse flow of liver-qi.Methods:Estradiol(E2)and progesterone(P)levels in serum were determined at different phases of menstrual cycle by radioimmunoassay.Results:In the group of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.the secretive peak value Of E2 and P at the follicular phase significantly decreased,and the secretive peak value at the luteal phase did not come into being.Conclusions:Low E2 and P secretive peak at the follicular phase and absence of secretive peak at the luteal phase is one of the microcosmic mechanisms of PMS with adverse flow of liver-qi.One of the pathophysiologic mechanisms of specific sub-type PMS is probably the continuous low level of E2and P.     

Real-time Three-dimensional Echocardiography in Assessment of Left Ventricular and Right Ventricular Volumes

Real-time three-dimensional echocardiography (RT3DE)is a new ultrasound technique that enables dynamic threedimensional visualization and quantification of the heart in real time. Investigation of feasibility and methodology of RT3DE in determining left ventricular (LV) and right ventricular (RV) volumes, RT3DE was performed in 35 normal adults using Philips SONOS 7500 system with a 2-4 MHz matrix array transducer. The 60°×60° "pyramid" volume database was obtained and analyzed on a TomTec echo workstation. Both LV and RV volumes were calculated with four 3DE methods (i.e. apical 2, 4, 8, and 16-plane) through manually tracing ventricular endocardial borders in end diastole and end systole. Stroke volumes were then calculated. LV volume was also measured by 2DE Simpson's rule using GE VIVID 7 ultrasound machine.     

SCREENING FOR A 21-CHROMOSOME ABNORMALITY IN PREIMPLANTED EMBRYOS OF ELDERLY WOMEN

Increasing maternal age is the only etiological factor unequivocally linked to Down's syndrome in humans. The occurrence rate of newborns with Down's syndrome is about 1/220 in women over 35 years old. However, the occurrence rate in embryos fertilized in vitro, of the elder woman is unclear. Using FISH we screened the number of chromosome 21 in preimplanted embryos of 5 elderly women (average age, 38.4 years) to study the feasibility and necessity of screening trisomy 21 in embryos in patients over 35 years old at the in vitro fertilization (IVF) center.