丙戊酸钠减轻博莱霉素致大鼠肺纤维化

目的:探讨丙戊酸钠在博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化中的作用及机制。方法:42只大鼠随机分为正常对照组、模型组和治疗组。造模采用博来霉素5 mg/kg气管内注射,自造模14 d开始分别采用生理盐水(0.5m L/d)、丙戊酸钠(300 mg·kg-1·d-1)和地塞米松(0.6 mg·kg-1·d-1)腹腔内注射治疗14 d。模型组分别在造模后14和、28 d处死。治疗组在造模后28 d处死。然后通过HE染色、Masson染色、羟脯氨酸(HYP)检测和Western blotting检测α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)及E-钙黏蛋白(E-cadherin)表达的变化,综合分析丙戊酸钠对肺纤维化发展的干预作用。结果:HE染色显示丙戊酸钠治疗组的肺泡结构、肺间质的形态优于生理盐水组和地塞米松治疗组。Masson染色及HYP检测用于衡量肺组织内胶原的分布及含量,可见丙戊酸钠治疗组肺组织内胶原的分布及含量均显著低于地塞米松治疗组及生理盐水组。丙戊酸钠可以降低α-SMA的表达,同时上调上皮标志性蛋白E-cadherin的表达。结论:丙戊酸钠可以通过减少胶原的表达与分布及下调间充质蛋白α-SMA,同时上调上皮蛋白E-cadherin的表达从而减轻博来霉素诱导大鼠肺纤维化。     

盐皮质激素受体在博来霉素诱导的实验性肺纤维化中的作用*

 目的：研究盐皮质激素受体（MR）在博来霉素诱导的实验性肺纤维化进展过程中的作用及机制。方法：将126只6～8周龄雄性C57BL/6小鼠随机分为对照组、博来霉素组和MR阻断剂螺内酯干预组,气管内一次性滴注博来霉素(2.5 mg/kg)溶液建立实验性小鼠肺纤维化模型,螺内酯干预组每天按螺内酯20 mg/kg经灌胃给药。于术后12 h、1 d、2 d、3 d、7 d、14 d和28 d处死小鼠,采用HE染色和Masson染色观察肺组织病理学变化及纤维化程度,采用real-time PCR检测各组肺组织中胶原1(Col1)、Col3、转化生长因子β(TGF-β)、单核细胞趋化蛋白1（MCP-1）及MR mRNA的表达水平。结果：（1）与对照组小鼠相比,博来霉素组及螺内酯干预组小鼠在滴注博来霉素后经历了典型的急性炎症期（12 h～3 d）、纤维化进展期（14 d）和纤维化晚期（28 d）。阻断MR下调早期炎症反应并减轻了纤维化程度。（2）螺内酯干预可以有效降低MR mRNA表达水平;阻断MR在急性炎症期显著下调MCP-1 mRNA的表达,在14 d显著下调TGF-β、Col1和Col3 mRNA表达水平。结论：(1）阻断MR可以明显减轻博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化程度;(2）阻断MR可能通过在急性炎症期调节MCP-1和TGF-β的表达,减轻炎症反应,并在纤维化进展期,下调TGF-β的表达,从而抑制肺纤维化的进展。     

苦参碱通过调节单核吞噬细胞表型偏移改善博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化

目的:研究苦参碱(matrine,MA)对博菜霉素(bleomycin,BLM)诱导的循环单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞表型偏移的调节作用。方法:160只C57BL/6雄性小鼠随机分为生理盐水(NS)组、BLM组、苦参碱干预组(BLM+MA组)及溶剂对照组(BLM+NS组)经口咽吸入法给予BLM(2.5 mg/kg)建立实验性肺纤维化模型,对照组给予等体积NS,BLM+MA组和BLM+NS组分别在术后每天灌胃给予MA(15 mg·kg~(-1)·d~(-1))或等量NS。术后第3、7、14和21天处死小鼠,采用HE染色和Masson染色观察肺组织病理学变化及纤维化程度,采用碱水解法测定肺组织羟脯氨酸的含量,用流式细胞术分别检测循环单核细胞亚群和支气管肺泡灌洗液细胞表型的变化。结果:与对照组相比,MA干预可以明显减轻BLM诱导的小鼠肺组织炎症反应及纤维化程度(P0.05);与NS组相比,BLM组的Ly6C~(hi)单核细胞比例升高,肺泡巨噬细胞表型由M1型向M2型偏移且与炎症反应和纤维化程度呈现一定的相关性;MA干预后可以部分逆转BLM诱导的循环单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞的表型偏移。结论:苦参碱可以减轻BLM诱导的急性肺泡炎症和肺纤维化程度,可能是部分通过逆转循环单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞表型的偏移而实现的。     

三氧化二砷对博莱霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的影响及其作用机制

目的:观察三氧化二砷对博莱霉素致大鼠肺纤维化的影响及可能的作用机制。方法:SD大鼠气管内滴注博莱霉素诱导肺纤维化,腹腔内分别注射三氧化二砷(治疗组)、地塞米松(激素组)、生理盐水(模型组)进行干预。各组动物再按造模后开始干预的时间不同分为14d和28d开始干预2个亚组,每个亚组再按观察时间不同分为14d、28d和56d3个观察组。观察大鼠中位生存时间、肺组织羟脯氨酸含量、肺泡炎和肺纤维化程度(HE染色)、肺组织胶原定量分析(Masson染色)等指标来评价药物干预效果,并采用脱氧核糖核苷酸末端转移酶介导的缺口末端标记法(TUNEL法)检测肺组织凋亡指数。同时对肺组织转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)、干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)、基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)、金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)免疫组化染色结果进行定量分析。结果:(1)生存时间观察:造模后14d开始干预的模型组、治疗组和激素组的中位生存时间分别为30d、57d和19d(P0.01);而造模后28d开始干预的各组的中位生存时间为40d、58d和34d(P0.05)。(2)肺纤维化的比较:各治疗组大鼠的羟脯氨酸含量与模型组相比均有下降趋势。各治疗组的肺泡炎和肺纤维化程度均轻于模型组。与模型组相比,各治疗组的胶原面积均小于模型组。(3)肺组织凋亡指数的比较:与模型组相比,14d开始干预并观察14d、28d组和28d开始干预并观察14d组的治疗组大鼠凋亡指数明显升高。(4)14d开始干预的各组的细胞因子比较:各治疗组的肺组织中转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)免疫组化染色的平均光密度均低于相应模型组。治疗组中观察28d和56d小组的肺组织中干扰素-γ(IFN-γ)免疫组化染色的平均光密度均高于模型组。各治疗组的肺组织中基质金属蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)免疫组化染色平均光密度与模型组区别不明显。与模型组比较,各治疗组的肺组织中金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1(TIMP-1)免疫组化染色平均光密度明显降低。结论:三氧化二砷能够减轻博莱霉素诱导的大鼠肺纤维化,其机制可能与诱导肺组织细胞凋亡增加有关。     

Improvement of bleomycin-induced pulmonary hypertension and pulmonary fibrosis by the endothelin receptor antagonist Bosentan

Rationale

There is evidence that endothelin plays a key role in the development of pulmonary hypertension (PH) in pulmonary fibrosis (PF). However, the functional consequence of the unselective endothelin receptor antagonist Bosentan in PH and PF has not yet been studied. Therefore, we investigated the effects of Bosentan on the development of PH in the model of Bleomycin-induced PF in rats.

Methods

Adult male Wistar rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: untreated animals (controls), Bleomycin-induced PF (Bleomycin) and Bleomycin-induced PF treated with Bosentan (Bleomycin + Bosentan). Exercise capacity was evaluated by treadmill exercise testing. PH was assessed by right ventricular systolic pressure (RVSP) and right ventricular hypertrophy. For quantification of PF the hydroxyproline content in lung tissue (HPC) was measured.

Results

Compared to controls, animals with Bleomycin-induced PF showed a significant reduction in exercise capacity (44% vs. 100%), significantly higher RVSP (65 mmHg vs. 23 mmHg), significantly more right ventricular hypertrophy (0.55 vs. 0.24) and significantly higher HPC (60.5 vs. 14.8). Bosentan treatment in animals with Bleomycin-induced PF resulted in significantly greater exercise capacity (98% vs. 44%) and a trend towards lower RVSP (52 mmHg vs. 65 mmHg), significantly less right ventricular hypertrophy (0.34 vs. 0.55) and significantly lower HPC (16.7 vs. 60.5) compared to untreated Bleomycin-induced PF.

Conclusion

Application of Bosentan in Bleomycin rats resulted in significantly higher exercise capacity as a result of improvements in PH and PF.     

博来霉素致大鼠肺纤维化模型肺组织的动态病理变化及其发生机制

目的： 了解博来霉素（BLM）致大鼠肺纤维化模型肺组织的动态病理变化,探讨BLM致肺纤维化的作用机制。方法：60只雄性SD大鼠采用随机数字表法分为正常对照组（N组）和肺纤维化模型组（B3、B7、B14、B28、B56组）,每组10只。除N组外,其余各组采用气管内注入BLM致大鼠肺纤维化模型, 分别于3、7、14、28、56 d处死各组大鼠,右肺行苏木精-依红（HE）、Masson胶原及天狼猩红染色,测定左肺羟脯氨酸（HYP）的含量。 RT-PCR法半定量测定转化生长因子-1（TGF-β1）、基质金属蛋白酶-9（MMP-9）和基质金属蛋白酶组织抑制物-1（TIMP-1）mRNA在肺内的表达。免疫组化法观察TGF-β1、MMP-9及TIMP-1蛋白在大鼠肺组织的表达。结果：(1) 模型组大鼠肺组织HYP含量显著高于N组（P<0.05）,模型组大鼠肺组织肺泡炎症的程度也明显重于N组,B14、B28和B56组大鼠肺纤维化的程度明显重于N组,大鼠在灌注BLM后不同时点其肺组织有着不同的病理变化。 (2) TGF-β1、MMP-9及TIMP-1在正常组大鼠肺脏中即有表达,但表达较弱,灌注BLM后它们的表达均增强,不同时点它们在肺组织内的分布有不同的特点。结论：给予后不同时点大鼠肺组织有着不同的病理变化特点,TGF-β1、MMP-9和TIMP-1在BLM诱导的肺纤维化形成过程中起着重要的调节作用。     

Increase in p21 expression independent of the p53 pathway in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis

Although a number of animal models have been used to study the pathogenesis of lung disease, to date few studies have looked at changed in the expression of cell cycle regulatory genes. We have studied the variation in the expression of p21, p53, p27 and PCNA in bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis using animal mouse models using immuno-histochemistry and gene-expression analysis. No difference in the p53, PCNA and p27 expressions were observed from the bleomycin-induced fibrosis when compared to saline-induced non-fibrotic lungs. Although no difference in nuclear p21 expression was observed, the level of cytoplasmic p21 expression was found to be higher in fibrotic lungs at day 14 after bleomycin injection. p21 expression was found to increase independent of p53 in fibrotic lungs at 14 days after bleomycin induction.     

依那西普抑制博来霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化

 目的：观察肿瘤坏死因子 α(TNF-α)拮抗剂依那西普对博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化小鼠的抑制纤维化作用,并探讨依那西普治疗肺纤维化的可能机制。方法：将45只SPF级雌性昆明小鼠随机分为3组：对照组（气管内雾化生理盐水）、纤维化组（气管内博来霉素3 mg/kg溶于100 μL生理盐水内雾化）和依那西普干预组（气管内雾化博来霉素后,4 mg/kg依那西普溶于100 μL生理盐水内腹腔注射,每3 d注射1次）。处理后第28 d收集样本,小鼠左肺置于10%中性甲醛固定,石蜡包埋切片后行HE与Masson染色;右肺碱水解法检测组织羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量;酶联免疫法检测血清TNF-α和转化生长因子 β（TGF-β）的含量;提取肺组织总蛋白,Western blotting 检测磷酸化ERK1/2、JNK和p38的表达。结果：依那西普干预组肺组织病理损伤及气道上皮下胶原沉积较纤维化组减轻,肺叶炎症损伤评分和纤维化评分明显下降（均P<0.01）,肺组织HYP含量显著降低（P<0.05）,血清TNF-α 和TGF-β的浓度明显减少（均P<0.01）,肺组织ERK1/2、JNK和p38蛋白的磷酸化水平也显著下降（P<0.01,P<0.05,P<0.01）。结论：依那西普能显著下调TNF-α 和TGF-β的水平,从而抑制ERK1/2、JNK和p38的活化,缓解博来霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化病变。     

黄芪通过抗氧化抑制博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化

目的:研究黄芪对博莱霉素诱导的肺纤维化小鼠氧化/抗氧化水平的影响,探讨黄芪抗纤维化的可能机制。方法:将36只SPF级雌性昆明小鼠随机分为对照组(生理盐水气管内雾化)、博莱霉素组(博莱霉素3mg/kg气管内雾化)和黄芪治疗组(博莱霉素3 mg/kg气管内雾化后黄芪注射液1.7 g·kg~(-1)·d~(-1)腹腔内注射),实验第14天收集小鼠肺组织及血清标本,取小鼠肺组织行HE和Masson染色;RT-PCR法测小鼠肺组织超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)1/2/3、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、NADPH氧化酶2/4(NOX2/4)和α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的mRNA水平;Western blot法测α-SMA和NOX2/4蛋白表达水平;比色法检测血清丙二醛(MDA)和总抗氧化能力(T-AOC)。结果:博莱霉素组小鼠肺组织病理损伤较正常组明显加重,α-SMA mRNA和蛋白表达,MDA/T-AOC,NOX2、NOX4和SOD3 mRNA表达,以及NOX2蛋白表达较正常组显著上升,黄芪治疗组则显著逆转上述改变;博莱霉素组小鼠NOX4蛋白表达较正常组显著下降,而黄芪治疗组较博莱霉素组显著上升;博莱霉素组和黄芪治疗组小鼠SOD1和CAT mRNA表达均较正常组显著下降;SOD2 mRNA在3个组中表达的差异无统计学显著性。结论:黄芪能够减缓博来霉素诱导的肺纤维化形成,其机制可能与调节氧化/抗氧化平衡有关。     

Dasatinib attenuated bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in mice

Abstract

Anti-fibrotic effect of dasatinib, a platelet-derived growth factor receptor (PDGFR) and Src-kinase inhibitor, was tested on pulmonary fibrosis (PF). Adult mice were divided into four groups: mice dissected 21?d after the bleomycin (BLM) instillation (0.08?mg/kg in 200?µl) (I) and their controls (II), and mice treated with dasatinib (8?mg/kg in 100?µl, gavage) for one week 14?d after BLM instillation and dissected 21?d after instillation (III) and their controls (IV). The fibrosis score and the levels of fibrotic markers were analyzed in lungs. BLM treatment-induced cell proliferation and increased the levels of collagen-1, alpha smooth muscle actin, phospho (p)-PDGFR-alpha, p-Src, p-extracellular signal-regulated kinases1/2 and p-cytoplasmic-Abelson-kinase (c-Abl) in lungs, and down-regulated PTEN expression. Dasatinib reversed these alterations in the fibrotic lung. Dasatinib limited myofibroblast activation and collagen-1 accumulation by the inhibition of PDGFR-alpha, and Src and c-Abl activations. In conclusion, dasatinib may be a novel tyrosine and Src-kinase inhibitor for PF regression in mice.     

甘草酸对博莱霉素诱导的实验性肺纤维化的干预作用

目的:探讨甘草酸(GA)对博莱霉素(BLM)诱导的小鼠肺纤维化的干预作用及其可能机制。方法:将160只雄性C57BL/6J小鼠随机分为生理盐水(NS)组、BLM组、BLM+NS组和BLM+GA组。通过口咽气管吸入法吸入博莱霉素(2.5 mg/kg)建立实验性肺纤维化模型,BLM+GA组及BLM+NS组每天给予40 mg/kg甘草酸或等体积的生理盐水灌胃,于术后第3、7、14、21天取材。采用HE染色和Masson染色观察肺组织病理学变化及纤维化程度,采用流式细胞术检测循环单核细胞和肺泡巨噬细胞的亚群比例变化,采用RT-qPCR检测肺组织中转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)mRNA的表达水平,采用碱水解法检测肺组织中羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量。结果:与NS组相比,BLM组和BLM+NS组肺组织的炎症浸润及胶原含量明显增多,实验性肺纤维化模型制备成功。与BLM+NS组相比:BLM+GA组肺组织的炎症细胞浸润及胶原纤维沉积较少;第3、7天的Ly6C~(hi)单核细胞亚群比例和第7、14天肺泡巨噬细胞M2表型比例显著降低(P0.01);肺组织TGF-β1 mRNA表达量和HYP含量显著降低(P0.01)。结论:GA可以减轻博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺组织的炎症反应和胶原纤维沉积,可能与GA对单核巨噬细胞的表型偏移和调控以及肺组织TGF-β1的表达下调有关。     

Pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis induced by chrysotile asbestos

Summary A single instillation of 1 mg chrysotile B with a fiber length between 0.05 and 0.2 µm in 0.1 ml tricaprylin was made via a polyvinyl catheter into the lower lobe of the right lung of 120 six-week-old Wistar rats under anesthesia. The animals were killed at intervals between five minutes and two years. The lower lobes of the right lung were investigated by light and electron microscopy.The process of pulmonary fibrosis induced by asbestos can be subdivided into four phases: these are the phase of phagocytosis (five to 15 min), the phase of granuloma formation (between one and two weeks), the phase of septal fibrosis (between two and six months) and finally the scar stage (after one year). After instillation of small asbestos fibers into the alveoli, a major proportion of these fibers is phagocytosed by alveolar macrophages after five minutes and leaves the lungs via the airways. A proportion of the fibers penetrates through the alveolar wall (mostly conveyed by type I pneumocytes) and reaches the interstitium of the lungs. There, the fibers are taken up by pulmonary tissue macrophages and giant cells. Within the phagolysosomes, the fibers are broken down into fragments less than 0.01 µm in length. Type II pneumocytes produce surfactant in excess. These cells become necrotic, tubular myelin and lamellar bodies pass into the alveoli and into the interstitium. Surfactant is phagocytosed by resident macrophages. These macrophages phages can break down. Besides asbestos and surfactant, mediators of fibrillogenesis are released. Macrophages following up from blood monocytes ingest surfactant and asbestos. This process is perpetuated up to complete scarring. After two years, small asbestos fibers less than 0.01 µm long are present in fibroblasts and pleural mesothelia.     

吉非替尼抑制博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化

目的:观察吉非替尼对博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化的抑制作用。方法:将40只SPF级雌性BALB/c小鼠分为4组:对照组(气管滴入生理盐水)、单纯口服吉非替尼组(吉非替尼灌胃200 mg/kg)、纤维化组(气管滴入博莱霉素3 mg/kg)、纤维化吉非替尼干预组(气管滴入博莱霉素+吉非替尼灌胃20 mg/kg)。实验第14 d杀鼠取肺,左肺石蜡切片行HE染色与Masson染色,免疫组化检测总表皮生长因子受体(EGFR)及磷酸化EG-FR;取右肺检测羟脯氨酸含量。结果:纤维化吉非替尼干预组肺病理损伤较纤维化组减轻,气道上皮下胶原沉积及肺羟脯氨酸含量减少(P0.05),气道上皮及肺间质细胞磷酸化EGFR表达评分下降(P0.05)。单纯口服吉非替尼组小鼠气道上皮下未见明显胶原沉积,肺羟脯氨酸含量及磷酸化EGFR表达评分与对照组相比无显著差异(P0.05)。结论:吉非替尼灌胃能显著抑制博莱霉素诱导的小鼠肺纤维化,大剂量(200 mg/kg)吉非替尼灌胃未引起明显肺纤维化。     

大鼠肺纤维化形成中肺巨噬细胞增殖和凋亡的变化

目的:观察肺纤维化形成过程中,肺泡巨噬细胞数量、增殖和凋亡的变化。方法:气管内滴注平阳霉素(BLMA₅)(5mg/kg),观察注后14d和30d组大鼠支气管肺泡灌洗液(BALF)中肺泡巨噬细胞数量、增殖和凋亡的变化以及细胞的MTT活力。结果:(1)BLMA₅14d组和30d组大鼠BALF中巨噬细胞数分别多于sham14d和30d组,(分别P＜0.01,P＜0.05);但BLMA₅30d组的细胞数明显少于BLMA₅14d组(P＜0.05);(2)BLMA₅14d组巨噬细胞增殖指数高于sham14d组(P＜0.05),而BLMA₅30d组增殖指数低于sham30d组(P＜0.05);(3)BLMA₅14d和30d组凋亡细胞数分别多于sham14d和30d组(均P＜0.01),但BLMA₅14d组少于BLMA₅30d组(P＜0.05);(4)BLMA₅14d和30d组大鼠BALF中巨噬细胞数MTT活力分别高于sham14d和30d组,分别P＜0.01,P＜0.05。结论:在肺纤维化形成过程中,肺巨噬细胞增殖能力先增强后减弱;而肺巨噬细胞凋亡始终增加,上述变化是导致肺巨噬细胞数量和功能变化的因素之一。     

博莱霉素诱导小鼠肺间质纤维化造模方式的选择

目的:建立博莱霉素导致肺间质纤维化小鼠动物模型,比较不同给药方式的成模差异。方法:利用8周龄雄性ICR小鼠,①随机分为腹腔给药组(P组)、气管内给药组(I组)、阴性对照组(C组),分别经腹腔注射BLM 40 mg/kg 5次、气管内滴入BLM 5 mg/kg 1次或气管内滴入生理盐水50μl。分别于14、28、40天处死,②小鼠随机分为4组,分别经腹腔注射BLM 40mg/kg3、4、5次或经腹腔给予生理盐水200μl。分别于28、40天处死。观察小鼠体重、咳嗽、挠鼻症状、肺系数及肺组织病理改变。结果:给予博莱霉素后①小鼠的体重均下降并出现咳嗽及挠鼻等呼吸障碍症状;处置后第14、28及40天处死小鼠,计算肺系数,P组较I组肺系数高;处死小鼠后,P组和I组小鼠均形成广泛、稳定的间质纤维化病理改变,P组主要分布在胸膜下及血管周围,而I组主要分布在肺门和支气管周围。P组较I组肺纤维化病理评分高。②不同腹腔给药次数模型小鼠体重变化以5次给药对体重影响最大;计算肺系数以给药5次肺系数变化最大。上述模型均成功建立。通过比较生存率、呼吸困难症状、组织病理变化等指标,选出腹腔给药5次相对于给药3次及4次为更好的造模方式。结论:利用BLM腹腔注射和气管内滴入制备了肺间质纤维化动物模型,纤维化形成的部位存在着一定的差异,腹腔给药5次方法制备肺间质纤维化模型的成功率更佳。     

Bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rat is associated with increased expression of collagen-binding heat shock protein (HSP) 47

 Increased accumulation of collagens in extracellular matrix (ECM) is mainly responsible for bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis in rats. This study was designed to assess whether increased collagen accumulation in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis is associated with heat shock protein (HSP) 47, a molecular chaperone for collagen biosynthesis. We investigated the expression of type I and type III collagens and HSP47 in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Fifteen male Wistar rats were divided into two groups; group I: bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis; group II: PBS-treated age-matched control rats. Pulmonary fibrosis was induced by injecting a single dose of bleomycin sulphate (5 U/kg body weight) intratracheally. Three bleomycin-treated rats and two age-matched control rats were sacrificed at the end of each of the 1st, 2nd and 4th weeks of the experiment. In bleomycin-treated rats, histological examination revealed pulmonary fibrosis, which increased with time. Increased type I and type III collagen desposition was observed in the lungs of all the bleomycin-treated rats. Weak immunostaining of HSP47 was noted in the control lungs. In contrast, strong immunostaining for HSP47 was seen in all the bleomycin-treated fibrotic lungs. In addition, increased numbers of phenotypically altered myofibroblasts (α-smooth muscle actin immunopositive) and fibroblast (vimentin immunopositive) were seen in bleomycin-treated lungs and found to express HSP47. Parallel increase of collagens and their molecular chaperone HSP47 expression was found in the bleomycin-treated lungs, and their co-localization could be detected by double immunostaining. Overexpression of HSP47 may play a significant part in the excessive assembly of collagens and could contribute in this way to the fibrosis found in bleomycin-treated rat lungs. Received: 30 April 1997 / Accepted: 17 July 1997     

Systemic inflammatory mediators and cystic fibrosis genotype

Abstract. Morbidity and mortality in cystic fibrosis patients is mainly attributed to pulmonary infection and inflammation. Chemokines play a pivotal role in the inflammatory process. Although genotype-phenotype correlation in cystic fibrosis patients has been defined, a clear relationship between the defect in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) gene and pulmonary inflammation has not been established. The aim of this study was to assess whether serum chemokines levels in cystic fibrosis patients correlate with genotype and pulmonary function tests, as well as with other clinical characteristics. Serum levels of interleukin-8, RANTES, and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 were measured in 36 cystic fibrosis patients grouped according to their genotype. Group A included 25 patients who carried two mutations associated with a pathological sweat test and pancreatic insufficiency (F508, W1282X, G542X, N1303K, S549R). Group B included 11 compound heterozygote patients who carried one mutation known to cause mild disease with borderline or normal sweat test and pancreatic sufficiency (3849+10kb C to T, 5T). Associations between chemokine levels, genotype, pulmonary function, Pseudomonas aeruginosa colonization, age, sweat chloride level, and pancreatic and nutritional status were examined. Mean interleukin-8 and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels were significantly higher in group A than group B (11.4±2.1 pg/ml vs. 5±0.9 pg/ml and 157±16 pg/ml vs. 88.8±16.4 pg/ml, respectively) (P<0.01). No difference in RANTES levels were found between groups. interleukin-8 levels were inversely related to forced expiratory volume in 1 s (r=-0.37, P<0.02), while there was no association between the latter and RANTES and monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 levels. The Pseudomonas colonization rate was higher among group A patients than group B (88% vs. 40%, P<0.01). No relationship was found between measured chemokines and age, sweat chloride levels, and pancreatic and nutritional status. Our study demonstrates an association between interleukin- 8, forced expiratory volume, and cystic fibrosis genotype. Hence, elevated interleukin-8 serum levels could serve as an indicator of an early inflammatory process and encourage the initiation of anti-inflammatory treatment.     

Rho激酶-1在肺纤维化小鼠肺组织中的表达变化与上皮-间充质转化

目的 观察Rho激酶-1(Rock-1) 在博莱霉素（BLM）致小鼠肺纤维化中的表达变化, 探讨其在肺纤维化中与上皮间充质细胞转化(EMT) 的关系。 方法 将60只小鼠随机分成正常对照组（Cont组）, BLM致肺纤维化模型组, 地塞米松（DXM）治疗组。BLM组给予0.04ml BLM (5mg/kg)一次性气管内灌注,治疗组在BLM一次性气管内灌注后每天给予DXM 5mg/kg腹腔注射。各组分别于第3、7、14和28天各处死5只小鼠, 取肺组织, 做病理切片,HE染色观察小鼠肺炎症和纤维化的程度, 以样本碱水解法检测肺组织中羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量, 免疫组织化学检测不同实验组小鼠间充质细胞标记物α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA) 和上皮细胞标记物上皮钙黏素( E-Cad) 的表达,应用Western blotting法测定不同实验组小鼠Rock-1的表达水平。 结果 BLM组肺组织病理切片按时间顺序呈现由肺泡炎至纤维化的动态改变,肺组织胶原含量在第7天明显增加, 第28天达高峰, HYP含量测定动态增高。与Cont组比较、BLM组、DXM组E-Cad的蛋白表达降低,α-SMA蛋白表达增高。Western blotting结果显示,BLM组Rock-1的表达与正常对照组比较显著增高( P<0.05),第14天时达到高峰。DXM组Rock-1的表达逐步下降。 结论 Rock-1在小鼠肺纤维化中表达增高, 表明其可能是肺纤维化形成的促进因子, 且随着Rock-1的增高,α-SMA逐步增高 E-Cad逐步降低, 推测Rock-1在肺纤维化形成中的机制可能与促进EMT有关。     

替普瑞酮诱导肺纤维化大鼠肺HSP70表达及干预肺纤维化的研究

目的:研究替普瑞酮(GGA)对博莱霉素(BLM)诱导的肺纤维化大鼠肺组织HSP70表达的影响及对大鼠肺纤维化的干预作用。方法:SD大鼠30只,随机分为假手术组(SO)、模型组(M)和替普瑞酮组(GGA)。M组和GGA组大鼠气管内一次性注射BLM 5 mg/kg,SO组大鼠气管内注射等体积的生理盐水。造模后第1天开始隔天灌胃给予GGA,持续到处死动物的前1天,模型组灌服等体积的生理盐水。记录大鼠每日体重,造模后第28天时处死大鼠,测定肺纤维化大鼠的肺系数、肺组织内HSP70表达及羟脯氨酸(HYP)的含量,观察肺组织病理改变。结果:GGA能提高博莱霉素处理后大鼠肺组织HSP70的表达(P<0.01);与M组相比,大鼠体重下降得到明显恢复(P<0.01),而肺组织的肺系数和羟脯氨酸(HYP)含量则明显降低(P<0.05),病理结果显示肺泡内结构完整,未出现类似M组肺组织实变现象,肺纤维化程度较轻。结论:替普瑞酮能诱导BLM肺纤维化模型大鼠肺组织HSP70表达,减轻肺纤维化程度。