脂肪干细胞诱导成心肌细胞研究

目的:探讨体外培养的脂肪干细胞（ADSCs）转化为心肌细胞的可能性和最佳诱导时机。方法:取新西兰白兔ADSCs,体外培养扩增。将传代不同次数的ADSCs以不同的5-氮杂胞苷浓度诱导,探讨最佳诱导浓度和时机,观察诱导后细胞的形态变化以及传代对心肌管样细胞数量的影响。免疫细胞化学方法鉴定。结果:ADSCs接种后生长迅速,呈短梭形,细胞形态单一。5-氮杂胞苷浓度对细胞的生长有显著影响,随着5-氮杂胞苷浓度的增加,细胞数量显著减少。诱导剂有效浓度为69μmol/L,以终浓度为9μmol/L对第3代ADSCs诱导产生的心肌细胞数量最多。5-氮杂胞苷诱导后最早于第9天形成肌管样结构,以肌纤维蛋白、α-横纹肌肌动蛋白和心肌肌钙蛋白T单克隆抗体检测均为阳性。诱导后细胞传代导致心肌细胞数量显著减少。结论:ADSCs在体外可有效转化为心肌细胞,它可能是心肌细胞移植的良好细胞来源。     

亚精胺对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞SDH的影响

目的以琥珀酸脱氢酶（SDH）为指标,探讨亚精胺（Spermidine,Spd）对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞生长代谢的影响. 方法将24 d龄的日本血吸虫成虫用冷消化法制成细胞悬液,联合法将细胞接种于小盖玻片上培养.培养至第4 d,一部分细胞用含Spd终浓度分别为0（对照）、25、50、75、80、90、100、150、200 μmol/L的无血清培养基处理24 h,另一部分细胞用终浓度为75 μmol/L的Spd分别处理0（对照）、12、24、36、48、60、72 h.然后用PBS清洗3次,再换用常规培养基继续培养.至第8 d,对处理过的培养细胞进行SDH细胞化学染色,Olympus-BH2显微镜下观察、拍照,并将结果输入HPIAS-2000图像分析仪进行图像分析. 结果用Spd作用24 h,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随Spd浓度的升高逐渐增强,75 μmol/L时达到最高,〉75 μmol/L,SDH活性逐渐减弱.当Spd作用浓度为75 μmol/L时,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随着Spd作用时间的延长逐渐增强,48 h时达到最高,然后逐渐减弱.统计学分析显示,Spd处理后的实验组培养细胞,其SDH活性与对照组细胞比较差异具有显著性（P〈0.05）;用终浓度为75 μmol/L的Spd处理培养细胞48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性显著强于其余各组（P〈0.01）. 结论 Spd可显著增强日本血吸虫培养细胞的生长代谢活性;用终浓度为75 μmol/L的Spd处理48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性最强.     

15-脱氧前列素2抑制MG63细胞活性并诱导其凋亡的机制

目的研究过氧化物酶体增殖活化受体(PPAR)γ的内源性配体15-脱氧前列素2(15d-PGJ2)对骨肉瘤细胞株MG63的增殖活性的影响及诱导其凋亡可能的作用机制。方法采用人骨肉瘤细胞MG63,分别用终浓度为0.1、1、5、10和50μmol/L15d-PGJ2处理,对照组不给予药物,四甲基偶氮唑蓝(MTT)法测定药物作用24 h、48 h、72 h及96 h细胞增殖的变化;流式细胞术(FCM)结合Annexin V/PI双染色观察终浓度5μmol/L和20μmol/L15d-PGJ2作用48 h和72 h MG63细胞周期变化及诱导细胞凋亡和坏死情况;逆转录聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)检测终浓度20μmol/L15d-PGJ2处理48 h对MG63细胞中PPARγm RNA的表达影响;通过免疫细胞化学技术检测终浓度20μmol/L15d-PGJ2作用48 h,MG63细胞中凋亡相关蛋白caspase3,p53和Bax/bcl-2的表达情况。结果 MTT结果显示:1各浓度15 d-PGJ2作用24 h、48 h、72 h及96 h,对MG63细胞增殖均有抑制作用,48 h达到最佳抑制效果。48 h、72 h及96 h抑制率两两比较均无差异(P>0.05),且50μmol/L对细胞的抑制率几乎达100%;2在各时间点,各浓度组间比较均有差异(P=0.000),在0.1⁵0μmol/L浓度组区间,相同时间点的抑制率有随浓度升高而递增的趋势。流式细胞术检测结果显示:不同浓度的各细胞周期分布差异有统计学意义(P=0.000)。加药组G0/G1期细胞比例均高于对照组,S和G2/M期相应减少,且细胞凋亡率增高,表明加药组可使细胞G0/G1期阻滞且诱导细胞凋亡;RT-PCR检测PPARγm RNA的表达,并同时逆转录稳定的内参片段β-actin,以二者的面积灰度值比值作为该m RNA的相对表达量,20μmol/L 15d-PGJ2作用48 h,PPARγm RNA的相对表达量(2.06±0.35)与对照组(0.94±0.23)比较有差异(P<0.05);免疫细胞化学结果显示:药物干预组凋亡相关蛋白caspase3和Bax表达与对照组比较显著增加,而p53和bcl-2表达下降(P<0.05)。结论 1PPARγ激动剂15d-PGJ2能明显抑制人骨肉瘤MG63细胞的生长,引起细胞G1期阻滞并诱导细胞凋亡。215d-PGJ2可能通过增加PPARγm RNA表达,上调凋亡相关蛋白caspase3和Bax及下调p53和bcl-2表达而诱导细胞凋亡。     

亚精胺对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞SDH的影响

目的以琥珀酸脱氢酶(SDH)为指标,探讨亚精胺(Spermidine ,Spd)对日本血吸虫成虫培养细胞生长代谢的影响。方法将24 d龄的日本血吸虫成虫用冷消化法制成细胞悬液,联合法将细胞接种于小盖玻片上培养。培养至第4 d ,一部分细胞用含Spd终浓度分别为0(对照)、25、50、75、80、90、100、150、200μmol/L的无血清培养基处理24 h,另一部分细胞用终浓度为75μmol/L的Spd分别处理0(对照)、12、24、36、48、60、72 h。然后用PBS清洗3次,再换用常规培养基继续培养。至第8 d ,对处理过的培养细胞进行SDH细胞化学染色,Olympus-BH2显微镜下观察、拍照,并将结果输入HPIAS-2000图像分析仪进行图像分析。结果用Spd作用24 h,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随Spd浓度的升高逐渐增强,75μmol/L时达到最高,>75μmol/L,SDH活性逐渐减弱。当Spd作用浓度为75μmol/L时,日本血吸虫培养细胞的SDH活性随着Spd作用时间的延长逐渐增强,48 h时达到最高,然后逐渐减弱。统计学分析显示,Spd处理后的实验组培养细胞,其SDH活性与对照组细胞比较差异具有显著性(P<0 .05) ;用终浓度为75μmol/L的Spd处理培养细胞48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性显著强于其余各组(P<0 .01)。结论Spd可显著增强日本血吸虫培养细胞的生长代谢活性;用终浓度为75μmol/L的Spd处理48 h,培养细胞的SDH活性最强。     

红花多糖对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

目的探讨不同浓度的红花多糖(safflower polysaccharide,SPS)对人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞增殖和凋亡的影响。方法根据台盼蓝染色法绘制细胞生长曲线及计算细胞活力;用不同浓度(0.04,0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64,1.28,2.56mg/m L)的红花多糖处理A549细胞24、48、72h后在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态学改变;四甲基偶氮唑盐(MTT)法检测不同浓度(0.04,0.08,0.16,0.32,0.64,1.28,2.56mg/m L)的红花多糖对人非小细胞肺癌细胞体外生长的抑制作用,Annexin V-FITC/PI荧光双标流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。结果台盼蓝染色后发现在第2-6天细胞呈对数生长,在第3-5天细胞活力最好;不同浓度SPS处理24,48,72h后,各时间点均以0.64mg/m L的SPS抑制率最高;不同浓度SPS处理48h后,倒置显微镜下A549细胞表现为皱缩、变圆等细胞凋亡性;各浓度组A549细胞的凋亡率增加呈剂量依赖性,而1.28mg/m L组除外。结论红花多糖能明显抑制人非小细胞肺癌A549细胞的增殖,诱导A549细胞的凋亡,在SPS浓度为0.64mg/m L最为显著。     

姜黄素通过血红素加氧酶-1信号通路促进脂肪源干细胞增殖和旁分泌研究

目的探讨姜黄素对脂肪源干细胞(ADSCs)增殖和旁分泌的作用及其机制。方法酶法分离、扩增SD大鼠腹股沟的ADSCs,流式细胞仪检测细胞表型;MTT法检测不同浓度姜黄素对细胞生长曲线的影响,筛选最佳姜黄素处理浓度;姜黄素预处理ADSCs 24 h,加用血红素加氧酶-1(HO-1)抑制剂Sn PP阻断HO-1活性;q PCR和Western blot检测HO-1信号在姜黄素处理ADSCs过程中的变化;MTT法检测HO-1活性对姜黄素促进细胞增殖的影响;PCR和Elisa法分别检测姜黄素对ADSCs分泌VEGF和HGF的影响。结果第3代ADSCs的CD29、CD90阳性,CD31、CD34、CD45阴性。姜黄素促进ADSCs增殖的作用呈时间依赖性,最佳处理浓度为10μmol/L。加用Sn PP后,促增殖作用显著降低(P=0.001)。姜黄素能显著促进ADSCs分泌VEGF和HGF(分别为P=0.001和P=0.007),Sn PP能明显抑制姜黄素的促分泌作用[Cur-ADSCs比Cur-ADSCs+Sn PP:VEGF为(712.2±43.1)ng/L比(442.3±33.2)ng/L,P=0.001;HGF为(58.3±3.7)ng/L比(33.7±3.1)ng/L,P=0.001]。在此过程中,HO-1表达的变化方向和姜黄素促进ADSCs增殖和旁分泌的方向一致。结论HO-1介导了姜黄素促进ADSCs增殖和旁分泌的作用。姜黄素是一种有前景的增强干细胞治疗疗效的候选药物。     

Nimesulide联合奥沙利铂对人肝癌细胞增殖与凋亡的影响

目的:探讨选择性环氧合酶-2(cyclooxygenase-2,COX-2)抑制剂Nimesulide联合奥沙利铂(Oxaliplatin,L-OHP)对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721增殖与凋亡的影响.为肝癌的药物治疗提供依据.方法:预实验筛选Nimesulide有效终浓度与不同浓度L-OH P(0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0 mg/L)联合处理肝癌细胞48 h;另外选取L-OHP有效终浓度与Nimesulide筛选的浓度单独或联合处理肝癌细胞24 h、48 h、72 h;采用倒置显微镜观察细胞形态学改变,四氮唑盐比色法(MTT法)观察细胞增殖活力的改变,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率.结果:不同浓度Nime sulide及L-OHP对SMMC-7721表现出一定程度的生长抑制作用,并呈剂量依赖性.Nimesulide(50μmol)或L-oHP(1 mg/L)单用时可显著抑制SMMC-7721细胞的增殖,选用Nimesulide 50μmol/L与L-OHP(0.5、1.0、2.0、5.0 mg/L)联合使用时,联合抑制作用呈现协同作用(Q＞1.15).L-OHP 1 mg/L、Nimesulide 50 μmol/L及两药联合处理SMMC-7721细胞24h、48 h、72 h,各处理组各时间点对肝癌细胞的抑制作用随着时间的延长而增大,并且两药联合作用有协同作用(Q＞1.15).流式细胞仪检测分析发现两种药物均可有效诱导SMMC-7721细胞的凋亡,且在上述浓度联合应用时具协同效应.结论:Niruesulide与L-OHP对人肝癌细胞株SMMC-7721均有抑制增殖和促进凋亡作用,而且两者联合应用有协同作用.     

Pinl抑制剂Juglone对食管癌EC1细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:测定Pin1抑制剂(Juglone)对食管癌细胞EC1生长增殖的影响,探讨Juglone的抗肿瘤作用.方法:体外培养人食管癌细胞系EC1,用MTT试验观察细胞生长增殖状况,流式细胞仪检测细胞周期以及细胞凋亡.结果:MTT试验表明,Juglone对EC1细胞生长有明显的抑制作用,且抑制作用随作用浓度和作用时间增加而增强.流式细胞仪检测表明,加入Juglone培养48 h后,EC1细胞出现G2期阻滞.Juglone药物(10、20、30 μmol/L)培养48 h后,EC1细胞的凋亡率明显增加,与对照组相比有统计学意义(9.06%,32.88%,53.18% vs 8.77%.均P<0.05).结论:Pin1抑制剂Juglone可以通过抑制Pin1表达从而抑制食管癌细胞的增殖,Pin1抑制剂有望成为新型的抗肿瘤治疗靶点.     

去甲氧基姜黄素对涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞株ACC-M增殖和凋亡的影响

目的 进一步探讨去甲氧基姜黄素（DMC）对涎腺腺样囊性癌的治疗作用.方法 取对数生长期涎腺腺样囊性癌细胞株ACC-M随机分为对照组和观察组,观察组分别加入终浓度为5、25、50、100、200 μmol/L的去甲氧基姜黄素20 μl,对照组加入相同体积二甲基亚砜（DMSO）.分别于培养24、48、72 h后在倒置显微镜下观察细胞形态,应用MTT比色法检测细胞生长抑制率,流式细胞仪检测细胞凋亡率.结果 对照组细胞生长迅速,观察组随去甲氧基姜黄素作用时间和浓度增加细胞收缩、变小、破碎,部分脱落漂浮于培养液;观察组去甲氧基姜黄素浓度＞50 μmoL/L时细胞生长抑制率及凋亡率均显著高于对照组,且与去甲氧基姜黄素浓度和作用时间均呈正相关（P＜0.05）.结论 去甲氧基姜黄素可通过抑制细胞增殖并诱导其凋亡发挥抗肿瘤作用,且该作用具有浓度和时间依赖性.     

姜黄素对人子宫肌瘤细胞增殖、凋亡的影响及机制探讨

目的观察姜黄素对人子宫肌瘤细胞增殖和凋亡的影响,并探讨其机制。方法将对数生长期的人子宫肌瘤细胞分为两组,观察组加入终浓度分别为10、50、100μmol/L的姜黄素,对照组加入1‰的二甲基亚砜(DM-SO),分别于培养12、24、48、72 h后,采用MTT法测算细胞增殖抑制率,用流式细胞术检测细胞凋亡率。将对数生长期的细胞随机分为3组,A组加入终浓度100μmol/L的姜黄素,B组加入100μmol/L的线粒体ATP敏感钾通道开放剂二氮嗪及100μmol/L的姜黄素,C组加500μmol/L的线粒体ATP敏感钾通道阻断剂5-羟基癸酸脱氢酶(5-HD)及100μmol/L的姜黄素;培养48 h后,分别采用MTT法和流式细胞仪测算细胞增殖抑制率和凋亡率。结果随着姜黄素浓度的增加和作用时间的延长,细胞增殖抑制率逐渐减低(P均<0.05),而细胞凋亡率逐渐增加(P均<0.05)。A组细胞增殖抑制率和凋亡率分别为75.65%±9.42%、41.82%±6.12%,B组分别为17.66%±2.45%、32.46%±6.71%,C组分别为40.67%±5.46%、74.42%±8.47%,B组与A、C组比较,P均<0.05。结论姜黄素可抑制人子宫肌瘤细胞增殖并促进其凋亡,该作用可能与姜黄素抑制线粒体ATP敏感钾通道有关。     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

N-acetyl-L-cysteine combined with mesalamine in the treatment of ulcerative colitis： Randomized,placebo-controlled pilot study

AIM： To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oral N-acetyl-L-cysteine （NAC） co-administration with mesalamine in ulcerative colitis （UC） patients.
METHODS： Thirty seven patients with mild to moderate UC were randomized to receive a four-wk course of oral mesalamine （2.4 g/d） plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （0.8 g/d） （group A） or mesalamine plus placebo （group B）. Patients were monitored using the Modified Truelove-Witts Severity Index （MTWSI）. The primary endpoint was clinical remission （MTWSI ≤ 2） at 4 wk. Secondary endpoints were clinical response （defined as a reduction from baseline in the MTWSI of ≥ 2 points） and drug safety. The serum TNF-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 and MCP-1 were evaluated at baseline and at 4 wk of treatment. RESULTS： Analysis per-protocol criteria showed clinical remission rates of 63% and 50% after 4 wk treatment with mesalamine plus N-acetyl-L-cysteine （group A） and mesalamine plus placebo （group B） respectively （OR = 1.71; 95% CI： 0.46 to 6.36; P = 0.19; NNT = 7.7）. Analysis of variance （ANOVA） of data indicated a significant reduction of MTWSI in group A （P = 0.046） with respect to basal condition without significant changes in the group B （P = 0.735） during treatment. Clinical responses were 66% （group A） vs 44% （group B） after 4 wk of treatment （OR = 2.5; 95% CI： 0.64 to 9.65; P = 0.11; NNT = 4.5）. Clinical improvement in group A correlated with a decrease of IL-8 and MCP-1. Rates of adverse events did not differ significantly between both groups.
CONCLUSION： In group A （oral NAC combined with mesalamine） contrarily to group B （mesalamine alone）, the clinical improvement correlates with a decrease of chemokines such as MCP-1 and IL-8. NAC addition not produced any side effects.     

Delorme's transrectal excision for internal rectal prolapse

Surgical therapy of functional outlet obstruction in patients with internal rectal intussusception may include abdominal, perineal, or transrectal procedures. Because abdominal procedures often result in significant physiologic impact but unrelieved constipation, the authors have elected Delorme's transrectal excision for management of these patients. Since a short-term placebo effect attends many therapies, this report describes results of transrectal excision only after a threeyear postoperative period. Delorme's transrectal excision of internal intussusception accomplished sustained symptomatic relief in over 70 percent of otherwise refractory constipated patients. The association of internal intussusception with other abnormalities underscores the importance of defining both anatomic and functional components when selecting patients whose constipation may require surgical therapy. Critical technical elements, surgical pitfalls, and potential complications of the procedure are discussed.Poster presentation at the meeting of The American Society of Colon and Rectal Surgeons, Toronto, Canada, June 11 to 16, 1989.     

The oral glucose tolerance test: A comparison of the time points on the basis of limit values,normal dispersion,and reproducibility

Summary Time points in the glucose tolerance test (GTT) are compared on the basis of limit values, dispersion within a reference population, and reproducibility. We suggest using the distance between a limit value and the median reference value as a measure of the magnitude of abnormality. The distance between 140 mg/100 ml and the median fasting plasma glucose value is chosen as a standard distance and limits for other points in the GTT are calculated to equal this standard distance of abnormality. We suggest that the probability of correctly interpreting an inividual result is directly related to the reproducibility of the test and inversely related to the percentage of the total range of values which is dispersed among the normal population. The ratio of reproducibility to percentage normal dispersion is proposed as an index of the probability of correctly interpreting an individual result. According to this index, the probability of correct interpretation varies in order: fasting plasma glucose concentration>3-h>2-h>0.5-h>1-h plasma glucose concentration.