异丙酚或咪达唑仑复合麻醉下心脏手术患者心肌细胞凋亡及术后早期恢复的比较

目的比较异丙酚或咪达唑仑复合麻醉下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌细胞凋亡及术后早期恢复情况。方法择期体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者40例，随机分为2组（n=20）：异丙酚复合麻醉组（P组）和咪达唑仑复合麻醉组（M组）。采用异丙酚或咪达唑仑复合芬太尼、维库溴铵全凭静脉麻醉，分别于上腔静脉插管前（CPB前）、撤机后取右心耳组织，检测caspase-9、caspase-3表达，计算细胞凋亡指数（AI），并观察术中MAP、HR及术后早期恢复情况。结果与M组比较，P组多巴酚丁胺的输注速率减慢，清醒时间、拔管时间以及ICU停留时间缩短（P〈0．05）。P组心脏自动复跳率高于M组（P〈0．05）。与CPB前相比，撤机后M组心肌AI升高，caspase-9、caspase-3表达上调（P〈0．05），P组各指标差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）；撤机后M组心肌AI及caspase-9、caspase-3表达高于P组（P〈0．05）。结论与咪达唑仑复合麻醉比较，异丙酚复合麻醉可抑制心脏瓣膜置换术中患者心肌细胞凋亡，术后早期恢复快，更适用于心脏手术麻醉。     

小儿氯胺酮麻醉分别复合异丙酚与咪达唑仑的比较

目的比较小儿氯胺酮基础麻醉时复合异丙酚与咪达唑仑的麻醉效果。方法随机选择40例小儿短小手术,肌注氯胺酮后分别复合异丙酚(Ⅰ组)和咪达唑仑(Ⅱ组)进行麻醉,记录麻醉时间、生命体征变化、苏醒时间等。结果两组病人麻醉时间:Ⅰ组为(42.8±10.2)min,Ⅱ组(40.7±11.5)min,时间基本相似(P>0.05)。氯胺酮用量分别为Ⅰ组(8.12±1.13)mg/(kg.h),Ⅱ组(8.25±1.00)mg/(kg.h),两组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组患儿各项生命体征参数(HR、RR、BP、SpO2)相比差异无统计学意义。心率和血压在肌注氯胺酮后20 min均增加了(15±5)%,但在静注异丙酚和咪达唑仑后均下降5%~10%。苏醒时间基本相同。结论氯胺酮基础麻醉中分别复合异丙酚与咪达唑仑均可安全运用于小儿短小手术。     

咪达唑仑和异丙酚复合麻醉应用于心脏电复律的研究

异丙酚是一种短效新型静脉麻醉药，咪达唑仑是一种与异丙酚作用相似的静脉麻醉药。本文通过比较分析异丙酚和咪达唑仑加异丙酚复合应用于两组心脏电复律病人结果，为两者复合用于临床心脏电复律提供参考。资料和方法１．一般资料：房扑房颤患者共２０例，男１３例，女７例；年龄ASA分级Ⅱ～Ⅲ。随机分为两组：（Ⅰ组）异丙酚组，（Ⅱ组）咪达唑仑和异丙酚复合组。患者情况见表１。２．实验方法：心脏电复律均在急诊室及心内科病房进行，患者无表１患者资料（n＝２０，x±s）组别人数（n）年龄（y）性别（男／女）体重（kg）房颤／房扑I组I…     

门诊美容外科手术应用咪达唑仑或异丙酚辅助局麻的效果比较

目的：比较门诊美容外科手术使用咪达唑仑或异丙酚辅助局麻的效果.方法：对我院2000年1月～2003年1 2月门诊美容手术病人使用咪达唑仑或异丙酚辅助局麻的效果进行分析总结,用Ramsay评分评估镇静分级,同时监测HR、SPO2、SBP、DBP、MBP、顺行性遗忘和并发症发生情况.结果：两组病人用药后均很快入睡（P＞0.05）,用药后5min、1 0min、1 5min监测HR、SPO2、SBP、DBP、MBP稍有波动,但在正常范围,少数病人术后出现轻微恶心,咪达唑仑组顺行性遗忘率（85.7%）明显高于异丙酚组（42.2%）（P＜0.05）.结论：门诊美容外科手术使用小剂量咪达唑仑或异丙酚安全有效,与异丙酚相比,咪达唑仑具有良好的顺行性遗忘作用.     

咪达唑仑或丙泊酚复合氧化亚氮麻醉在结肠镜检查术中的应用

结肠镜检查常用于诊疗大肠疾患，患者在检查过程中需要接受较强的牵拉肠管并接受注气操作，常易出现腹痛不适症状，部分患者由于腹痛难忍甚至要求放弃检查。因此，需要设法减轻和解除患者的痛苦，目前多数采用静脉麻醉技术施行结肠镜检查，收到了较好的效果。笔者拟在N2O吸入麻醉的基础     

硬膜外麻醉下妇科手术患者右美托咪啶和咪达唑仑镇静效果的比较

硬膜外麻醉下妇科手术患者常伴有不同程度的精神紧张和恐惧感,可诱发强烈的应激反应,即使硬膜外麻醉效果满意,也不能完全消除内脏牵拉反应等自主神经活动,因此,硬膜外麻醉时需要辅助一定程度的镇静.     

硬膜外麻醉复合咪达唑仑对术中病人的遗忘作用

近年,麻醉手术中病人因知晓而留下痛苦回忆难以消除,文献中时有报道,目前已引起了临床足够的重视。然而硬膜外麻醉下外科手术导致的病人不良回忆常被人们忽视,这对病人的康复和心理治疗不利。因此,我科于2002年2月至2002月8月对择期硬膜外麻醉下腹部外科手术病人90例,就使用眯达唑仑在术中的遗忘作用进行了临床观察,现总结如下:     

硬膜外麻醉下异丙酚联合咪达唑仑镇静对内隐记忆的影响

目的探讨术中异丙酚联合咪达唑仑镇静对内隐记忆的影响,分析内隐记忆消失的中潜伏期听觉诱发电位(MLAEP)参数界值,为临床镇静深度监测提供一项新的客观指标。方法 硬膜外麻醉下择期手术病人45例(ASA Ⅰ～Ⅱ级),随机分为异丙酚组(P)、联合用药一组(PM1)、联合用药二组(PM2)3组,每组15例。P组:异丙酚2 mg·kg-1·h-1;PM1组:异丙酚1.5 mg·kg-1·h 咪达唑仑0.03 mg·kg-1·h-1;PM2组:异丙酚1.5 mg·kg-1·h-1 咪达唑仑0.06 mg·kg-1·h-1。所有病人经异丙酚或异丙酚联合咪达唑仑镇静15 min后,让病人听录音带即内隐记忆刺激。记录入室时(T1)、行硬膜外麻醉后(T2)、静脉给药后15min(T1)、切皮后2min(T4)、内隐记忆刺激完成即刻(T5)等时点的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、MLAEP。术后6 h进行记忆调查,测定病人的模糊辨听率。结果 异丙酚镇静Pa、Nb波潜伏期延长、波幅降低(P<0.05),但联合用药组潜伏期延长更明显、波幅降得更低(P<0.05)。所有病人外显记忆均消失;P组均存在内隐记忆,两联合用药组内隐记忆均消失。结论异丙酚和咪达唑仑联合镇静可以消除外显记忆和内隐记忆。MLAEP参数Pa、Nb波潜伏期、波幅可以作为评价术中镇静深度的客观监测指标。     

抑肽酶对瓣膜置换术患者心肌粘附分子表达及细胞凋亡的影响

目的探讨抑肽酶对二尖瓣置换术患者围体外循环（CPB）期心肌细胞及心肌血管内皮细胞上细胞间粘附分子-1（ICAM-1）、血管细胞粘附分子-1（VCAM-1）表达及心肌细胞凋亡的影响。方法择期二尖瓣置换术患者30例,年龄24～59岁,体重46～73 kg,心功能分级Ⅱ级或Ⅲ级,随机分为2组（n=15）：对照组和抑肽酶组,抑肽酶组于CPB转机前,预充液中加入抑肽酶300万KIU,对照组则给予等容量生理盐水,分别于CPB前和CPB停止时取右心房心肌组织标本,采用免疫组织化学SP法染色,检测心肌细胞和心肌血管内皮细胞上ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达,采用病理图像分析系统对ICAM-1、VCAM-1表达的灰度值作定量分析,采用TUNEL法检测凋亡心肌细胞。结果抑肽酶组CPB停止时ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达低于对照组（P〈0.01）;2组CPB停止时心肌细胞凋亡指数较CPB前增高（P〈0.05）,抑肽酶组CPB停止时心肌细胞凋亡指数低于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论预充液中加入抑肽酶300万KIU可抑制二尖瓣置换术患者CPB期间心肌细胞和心肌血管内皮细胞ICAM-1、VCAM-1的表达及心肌细胞的凋亡。     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.     

胸肋间筋膜阻滞对心脏瓣膜置换术后早期恢复质量的影响

目的 探讨胸肋间筋膜阻滞(PIFB)对心脏瓣膜置换术后早期恢复质量的影响。方法 选择择期行正中切口心脏瓣膜置换术患者80例,男45例,女35例,年龄44～75岁,BMI 18～30 kg/m²,ASAⅡ或Ⅲ级,随机分为两组：全麻联合PIFB组(P组)和全麻组(C组),每组40例。P组麻醉诱导后行双侧胸肋间筋膜平面阻滞,C组不行神经阻滞,术后均使用舒芬太尼静脉自控镇痛。采用15项恢复质量评分量表(QoR-15)评价术前24 h、术后24、72 h恢复情况,记录诱导前、切皮时、锯胸骨时、关胸时、出手术室时的HR和MAP,拔管后4、8、12 h静息和活动(咳嗽)时VAS疼痛评分。记录术中和术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量、拔管时间、重症监护病房(ICU)停留时间、术后首次肛门排气时间、术后住院时间,术后恶心呕吐、低血压、呼吸抑制等不良反应的发生情况和住院期间死亡情况。结果 与C组比较,P组术后24、72 h QoR-15评分明显升高(P<0.05),拔管后4、8、12 h静息和活动时VAS疼痛评分明显降低(P<0.05),术中和术后48 h内舒芬太尼用量明显减少(...     

N-乙酰半胱氨酸对体外循环下心脏瓣膜置换术患者心肌缺血再灌注损伤的影响

Objective To investigate the effects of N-acetylcysteine(NAC)on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion(I/R)injury in patients undergoing cardiac valve replacement under cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB).Methods Twenty-two ASA Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients of both sexes aged 21-60 yr undergoing cardiac valve replacement under CPB were randomly assigned to one of 2 groups(n=11 each):control group(group C)and NAC group.In NAC group NAC 100 mg/kg was added to the priming solution and 50 mg/kg to crystalloid eardioplegic solution,while in control group normal was used instead of NAC.Swan-Gang catheter was placed.Heart rate(HR),mean arterial pressure(MAP),central venous pressure(CVP),pulmonary medal pressure(PAP),pulmonary capillary wedg pressure(PCWP),cardiac output(CO)and cardiac index(CI)were recorded at 10 min beforeanesthesia induction and at the end of operation.Blood samples were collected before operation and at 0.5,6,12 and 24 h after release of the aortic cross-clamp for determination of blood gas analysis,plasma IL-6,TNF-α,MDA and cTnI concentrations and SOD activity.Myocardial specimens were obtained from right atrium for detection of apeptosis(by TUNEL)and examination of ultrastructure with scanning electron microscope.Results There was no significant difference in HR,MAP,CVP,PAP,PCWP,PaO2,Hct,PaCO2,pH value and BE between bothgroups.The plasma concentrations of MDA,IL-6,TNF-α and eTnI weFe significantly lower,while plasma SOD activity CO and CI were higher in group NAC than in group C.NAC significantly decreased myocardial apeptosis and damage induced by myocardial I/R during CPB.Conclusion NAC can protect myocardium against I/R injury induced by CPB.