医生指导结合家庭疗法治疗儿童弱视76例

INTRODUCTION Childhood is the key for children development and intelligence.Children amblyopia is common, multiple. Correction vision of singleeye or both eyes is below normal value, function of both eyes is notcomplete, fine 3D vision is deficient for amblyopia which will affecttheir job life and studying. Family therapy is an important part forvision protection in children. In this study, family therapy combiningdoctor's instruction was used to correct amblyopia.     

Nested case-control study of multiple serological indexes and Brighton pediatric early warming score in predicting death of children with sepsis

BACKGROUND Currently, it is difficult to predict the complications of children at the early stage of sepsis. Brighton pediatric early warning score(PEWS) is a disease risk assessment system that is simple and easy to operate, which has good sensitivity and specificity in disease recognition among children. Because detection indicators vary widely in children, a single indicator is difficult to assess the posttreatment status of children with sepsis.AIM To investigate the relationship between serological markers, Brighton PEWS, and death in children with sepsis after treatment.METHODS A total of 205 children diagnosed with sepsis at our hospital were enrolled. The baseline data, serum scores, and PEWS scores were recorded. In the nested casecontrol study, children who died during the study period were included in an observation group. According to the matching principle, the children who were not dead in the same cohort were included in a control group. The influencing factors of death in children with sepsis after treatment and the value of each evaluation index in predicting the prognosis of children were analyzed.RESULTS A total of 96 children were enrolled in the study, including 48 each in the observation group and the control group. Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that antibacterial treatments within 1 h(P = 0.017), shock(P = 0.044),multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS)(P = 0.027), serum procalcitonin(PCT)(P = 0.047), serum albumin(ALB)(P = 0.024), and PEWS(P = 0.012) were independent risk factors for the death of children with sepsis. The area under the curve of the combination of ALB, PCT, and PEWS to predict the death in children with sepsis was the highest(0.908).CONCLUSION Antibacterial treatments within 1 h, shock, MODS, PCT, ALB, and PEWS are independent risk factors for the death of children with sepsis. The predictive accuracy of the combination of PCT, ALB, and PEWS for the prognosis of children with sepsis is the best.     

下颌骨髁状突骨折临床康复治疗

Background: Condyloid fracture of jaw is more common in clinic, for which conservative treatment is suggested in children. Condyloid process can be repaired spontaneously in children to adaptation.Surgery will affect anatomy of normal joint, prevent jaw development, and result in articular adhesion or stiffness or limitation of mouth opening.     

小儿难治性癫痫19例分析

Background: At present, 70% ～ 80% epilepsy in children can be controlled by treatment, but 20% ～ 30% children with the disease appeared seizure repeatedly.The disease can be controlled hardly with common drugs,and quality of life is poor in the children.     

应用骨减压治疗恢复小儿胫骨结节骨软骨病患儿下肢运动功能

Background:Osteochondrosis of tibial tuberosity is common among older children esp.children loving sport.For children with light symptoms,osteochondrosis will recovery voluntarily after a long time.Activity should be restricted in children with severe symptoms.Therapeutic effect of fixation of lower limbers or surgery are ineffective.Children during active phase will be affected psychosomatically.Objective:To introduce application of bone decompression in the treatment of ostochondrosis of tibial tuberosity.     

双截骨术治疗大龄儿童先天性髋关节脱位的术后训练

Determining appropriate treatment timing is very important for congenital dislocation of hip joint(CDS).Early treatment will produce distal effect.Management of CDS in children aged more than 6 years is very difficult,functional recovery is affected.From May to June 2001,23 children aged 6～ 12 years and suffered from CDS were adopted.Modified Salter Pelvis osteotomy and rotation osteotomy above femor in combination with postoperative rehabilitation exercise were carried out,and favorable effect was obtained.Here is reported.     

经颅多普勒与脑电图对成人与儿童血管性头痛特征分析

INTRODUCTION The headache of common nature as well as headachic epilepsy and hemicrania pianheadache often affects the children.Hemicrania is the result of mental and vascular disorder,which is examined with transcranial Doppler(TCD) and electroencephalography(EEG).In this study,we analyzed the characteristics of vascular headache of children compared with adults.     

针刺加外敷中药治疗儿童脑性瘫痪流涎44例

INTRODUCTION Salivation is very common among children with cerebral palsy(CP). Inorder to nursing, trower was placed under the jaw by parents. Now,there is no specific treatment for salivation. Acupuncture may havesome effect of salivation. In this study, acupucture of perioral pointsplus liuxiansan for external application in bilateral Yungch' an werecarried out to manage the salivation in CP children, and therapeuticeffect was observed.     

探讨儿童慢性顽固性咳嗽与支原体感染的关系及临床治疗观察

Objective To explore the relation between chronic and persistent cough of children and MP infection and clinical observation and treatment.Methods Retrospective Study of the 55 children chronic and persistent cough cases, with a clinical features as pneumonia MP infection, in my hospital from March 2005 to March 2008.Results ①Clinical Feature:major symptom of these 55 children chronic cough cases is chronic and persistent cough.58%(32/55)of the cases showed no symptoms in their lungs.②Peripheral Blood:85％(47/55)cases showed no obvious changes in peripheral blood, with their WBC ranging from(4～10)×109/Land their eosinophile granulocyte increased.③Special Test:47.27%(26/55)IgM (MP-IgM)antibody positive,83.64%(46/55)cased showed pneumonia MP DNA specificity after PcR Test.④X-Rate Report:Results varied.Conclusion Pneumonia MP Infection is one of the pathogeny causing chronic and persistent cough of children.Treating the infection is a very important solution in curing chronic and persistent cough of children.     

小儿股骨头无菌性坏死术后康复治疗

Background: Aseptic necrosis of head of femur of children is a kind of ischemic necrosis of the center of epiphysis of femoral head. Currently we treat it with synovectomy, transplantation of vessel tract, intertrochanteric osteotomy and every kinds of pelvic truncation to improve head-mortar relation, but the effect is not satisfying. After head of femur conversion and self-ilium transplantation operation, the follow-up effect is satisfying. Objective: Discussing the treatment effect of operation on children aseptic necrosis of head of femur. Unit:Second People's Hospital of Ningxia Municipality.     

Responsiveness of the visual system in childhood migraine studied by means of VEPs

We have tried to ascertain whether the increased visual evoked potential (VEP) amplitude found in adult migraineurs is present also in children with migraine. We investigated 43 children, 26 male and 17 female, with a mean age of 11.4 years, 24 with common and 19 with classic migraine, and compared them with a control group of 20 children, 11 male and 9 female, with a mean age of 9.7 years. Flash and pattern reversal VEPs were recorded in both groups, and the study was carried out in the pain-free interval between attacks. The children with migraine showed a significant (p less than 0.01) increase in VEP amplitude on flash stimulation but not on pattern reversal. There were no differences between classic and common migraine. The abnormal responsiveness of the visual system seems to be related to variations in light intensity rather than to spatial contrasts.     

30例多发性硬化患者视诱发电位检测

目的研究视诱发电位（VEP）异常与多发性硬化症的关系。方法对临床确诊的30例多发性硬化患者和30例神经内科诊断为非多发性硬化症患者进行VEP检查，并分析VEP的检查结果与临床症状间的关系。结果多发性硬化患者VEP检查的异常率为76．7％。而82．6％的VEP异常者在临床上表现出视觉症状。结论多发性硬化患者的VEP检查中有较高的异常率，对多发性硬化的诊断有参考价值。     

糖尿病视网膜病变的视觉诱发电位及相关因素分析

目的探讨糖尿病视网膜病变(DR)的视觉诱发电位(VEP)表现,评价VEPP100在糖尿病视网膜病变早期诊断中的作用及VEPP100异常与神经传导速度(NCV)、体感诱发电位(SEP)改变的相关性。方法根据是否合并DR将64例糖尿病人分为两组均行VEP、NCV、SEP检测,VEP与正常组对照。结果26例合并DR的糖尿病人及38例正常眼底的糖尿病人的VEPP100分别与正常人比较,VEPP100潜伏期:与正常组比较均无明显差异(P>0.05);VEPP100波幅:较正常组均明显降低(P<0.05)。糖尿病VEPP100异常与NCV、SEP无相关性(r=0.076,P>0.05;r=0.075P>0.05)。结论DR的VEP表现以VEPP100波幅降低为主;VEP检测可为临床早期诊断DR提供依据。     

小儿脑性瘫痪弱视调查

目的：对脑瘫患儿弱视的发生及相关因素进行探讨。方法：对１４５ 例脑瘫患儿进行视力、眼位、眼底、视觉诱发电位、视网膜电流图进行检查。结果：斜视２６ 例（１８％）,为共同性斜视,内斜１４ 例,外斜１２ 例。弱视检出率为５０％ （７３／１４５）,双眼弱视５４ 例,单眼弱视１９ 例,轻度弱视７３ 眼（５７％）,中度弱视５５ 眼（４３％）,重度弱视９眼（７％） 。１２７ 只弱视眼中屈光不正１２３ 眼（９７％）。ＶＥＰ异常７２ 眼,Ｐ１００ 潜伏期延长。Ｆ－ ＦＲＧ异常３５ 眼,ｂ 波幅降低。结论：及早验光、矫正屈光不正是小儿脑瘫弱视防治的关健     

The relationship between the visual evoked potential and the gamma band investigated by blind and semi-blind methods

Gamma Band Activity (GBA) is increasingly studied for its relation with attention, change detection, maintenance of working memory and the processing of sensory stimuli. Activity around the gamma range has also been linked with early visual processing, although the relationship between this activity and the low frequency visual evoked potential (VEP) remains unclear. This study examined the ability of blind and semi-blind source separation techniques to extract sources specifically related to the VEP and GBA in order to shed light on the relationship between them. Blind (Independent Component Analysis-ICA) and semi-Blind (Functional Source Separation-FSS) methods were applied to dense array EEG data recorded during checkerboard stimulation. FSS was performed with both temporal and spectral constraints to identify specifically the generators of the main peak of the VEP (P100) and of the GBA. Source localisation and time-frequency analyses were then used to investigate the properties and co-dependencies between VEP/P100 and GBA. Analysis of the VEP extracted using the different methods demonstrated very similar morphology and localisation of the generators. Single trial time frequency analysis showed higher GBA when a larger amplitude VEP/P100 occurred. Further examination indicated that the evoked (phase-locked) component of the GBA was more related to the P100, whilst the induced component correlated with the VEP as a whole. The results suggest that the VEP and GBA may be generated by the same neuronal populations, and implicate this relationship as a potential mediator of the correlation between the VEP and the Blood Oxygenation Level Dependent (BOLD) effect measured with fMRI.     

Influence of ongoing alpha rhythm on the visual evoked potential

The relationship between ongoing occipital alpha rhythm (8-12 Hz) and the generation of visual evoked potentials (VEPs) has been discussed controversially. While the "evoked theory" sees no interaction between VEP generation and the alpha rhythm, the "oscillatory theory" (also known as "phase-reset theory") postulates VEP generation to be based on alpha rhythm phase resetting. Previous experimental results are contradictory, rendering a straightforward interpretation difficult. Our approach was to theoretically model the implications of the evoked and oscillatory theory also incorporating stimulus-induced alpha-rhythm desynchronization. As a result, the model based on the oscillatory theory predicts alpha-band dependent VEP amplitudes but constant phase locking. The model based on the evoked theory predicts unaffected VEP amplitudes but alpha-band dependent phase locking. Subsequently, we analyzed experimental data in which VEPs were assessed in an "eyes open" and "eyes closed" condition in 17 subjects. For early components of the VEP, findings are in agreement with the evoked theory, i.e. VEP amplitudes remain unaffected and phase locking decreases during periods of high alpha activity. Late VEP component amplitudes (>175 ms), however, are dependent on pre-stimulus alpha amplitudes. This interaction is contradictory to the oscillatory theory since this VEP amplitude difference is not paralleled by a corresponding difference in alpha-band amplitude in the affected time window. In summary, by using a model-based approach we identified early VEPs to be compatible with the evoked theory, while results of late VEPs support a modulatory but not causative role--the latter implied by the oscillatory theory--of alpha activity for EP generation.     

Changes in visual-evoked potential habituation induced by hyperventilation in migraine

Hyperventilation is often associated with stress, an established trigger factor for migraine. Between attacks, migraine is associated with a deficit in habituation to visual-evoked potentials (VEP) that worsens just before the attack. Hyperventilation slows electroencephalographic (EEG) activity and decreases the functional response in the occipital cortex during visual stimulation. The neural mechanisms underlying deficient-evoked potential habituation in migraineurs remain unclear. To find out whether hyperventilation alters VEP habituation, we recorded VEPs before and after experimentally induced hyperventilation lasting 3 min in 18 healthy subjects and 18 migraine patients between attacks. We measured VEP P100 amplitudes in six sequential blocks of 100 sweeps and habituation as the change in amplitude over the six blocks. In healthy subjects, hyperventilation decreased VEP amplitude in block 1 and abolished the normal VEP habituation. In migraine patients, hyperventilation further decreased the already low block 1 amplitude and worsened the interictal habituation deficit. Hyperventilation worsens the habituation deficit in migraineurs possibly by increasing dysrhythmia in the brainstem-thalamo-cortical network.     

视觉诱发电位对视神经挫伤早期诊断的应用价值

目的探讨视觉诱发电位(VEP)对外伤性视神经挫伤的早期诊断的应用价值。方法对56例经临床诊断为外伤性视神经挫伤的患者行VEP检查。结果比较视神经挫伤患者受伤眼与自身健眼的VEP结果。受伤眼VEP的P100波的振幅、潜伏期有不同程度的异常。患者视力损伤越严重,P100波的改变越明显。VEP检查能灵敏地反映视神经的损伤程度。结论 VEP能为外伤性视神经挫伤的早期临床诊断、视功能评价提供客观依据。     

糖基化终产物对大鼠视觉诱发电位变化的影响

目的 观察外源性非酶糖基化终产物（AGEs）诱导的大鼠模型视觉诱发电位（VEP）的变化。方法 应用鼠血清白蛋白（RSA）体外孵育AGEs修饰蛋白，并将其注入健康大鼠体内，每日一次，连续两周。对大鼠行VEP检查后取视网膜行HE染色检查。结果 AGEs组大鼠视网膜内核层，神经节细胞层细胞排列疏松，细胞间隙增大，细胞数减少。其VEP表现为潜伏期延长，振幅下降，同正常对照组及RSA组相比，差别有统计学意义。结论 AGEs可作为独立因素导致视网膜组织损害，并引起大鼠VEP改变。     

Effect of therapeutic level ultrasound on visual evoked potentials in the hypoxic cat

The effect of 1.0 MHz ultrasound at an intensity of 1.0 W/cm2 SATA on brain function of anaesthetized cats was assessed using Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs). Ultrasound alone did not significantly modify the averaged VEP signals. However, acute hypoxia depressed the VEP response. When the brain was exposed to ultrasound during the hypoxic episode, the VEP response remained normal. Raising brain temperature by whole body heating could not mimic the beneficial effect of ultrasound on the VEP response during hypoxia. This suggests that therapeutic ultrasound may have a protective effect on hypoxic tissues and may have clinical applications.