FD患者Hp感染对胃排空的影响

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染在功能性消化不良（ＦＤ）患者胃排空功能障碍中的作用．方法采用放射性同位素γ－照相法观测了５６例ＦＤ患者胃固－液体排空情况，并用胃窦粘膜印片Ｇｉｅｍｓａ染色及石蜡切片ＨＥ，Ｗ＿Ｓ银染色镜检Ｈｐ．结果ＦＤ患者餐后３０，６０及９０ｍｉｎ时的胃排空率均显著低于正常对照组（Ｐ＜００５－００１）；ＦＤ患者Ｈｐ感染率无明显增高（Ｐ＞００５），Ｈｐ阳性组与阴性组在３个时相的胃排空率差异均无显著性（Ｐ＞００５）结论ＦＤ患者胃排空功能与Ｈｐ感染无关     

功能性消化不良的体表胃电图研究

研究功能性消化不良（ＦｕｎｃｔｉｏｎａｌＤｙｓｐｅｐｓｉａ,ＦＤ）体表胃电图,探讨ＦＤ发病的病理生理机制。方法２３名ＤＦ患者及２０名健康志愿者,应用ＤｉｇｔｌａｐｐｅｒＥＧＧ记录仪进行ＥＧＧ检查,检查时间为餐前半小时、餐后回小时,试餐４％Ｋｃａｌ（５０ｇ火腿肠、营多牌方便面１包、４００ｍｌ开水）。结果健康组餐前主频（ｐＦ）、主功率（ＤＰ）、正常节律百分发比（Ｎ％）为：２．９±０．１ｃｐｍ、５７．６±１５．２ｂｐ、９０．９±１．９％;餐后：３．０１０．ＩＣｐｍ、２１２．７８±７２．５ｂｐ（Ｐ＜０．０１）、９２．６±２．１％。ＦＤ组餐前ＤＦ、ＤＰ、Ｎ％为：２．８±０．１ｃｍｐ、４８９．１±１５７．９ｂｐ、８１．８６±５．５％;餐后分别为：３．１±０．２ｃｐｍ、４７５．５±１２２．３ｂｐ、６７．５±４．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。结论ｍ患者存在胃电节律紊乱,此种节律紊乱主要表现在餐后功率降低及正常节律百分比下降,提示ＦＤ患者可能存在胃肌电活动异常。ＥＧＧ作为一种无创性胃动力检查方法,可用于ＦＤ患者的临床及研究工作。     

呋喃唑酮与胶体铋剂联合应用治疗幽门螺杆菌相关性胃炎的疗效观察

应用胶体铋剂（ＣＢＳ）与不同剂量的呋喃唑酮（Ｆ）联合治疗Ｈｐ阳性慢性胃炎患者。１７３例病人随机分为５组（ＣＢ８组、Ｆ０．２组、ＣＢＳ＋Ｆ０．２组、ＣＢＳ＋Ｆ０．１组、ＣＢＳ＋Ｆ０．０５组）服药４周（ＣＢＳ４周＋Ｆ２周），Ｈｐ根除率分别为２３．３％、５９．３％、１００％、９１．３％和６１．９％；活动性胃炎消退率分别为１４．０％、４８．１％、７０．９％、８６．７％和５３．３％；副作用发生率分别为４．６％、２１．８％、２３．５％、７．１％和１４．８％。ＣＢＳ＋Ｆ０．２及ＣＢＳ＋Ｆ０．１组Ｈｐ根除率及活动性胃炎消退率均显著高于其它三组（Ｐ＜００５）；且ＣＢＳ＋Ｆ０．１与ＣＢＳ＋Ｆ０．２疗效相当，Ｈｐ根除率可达９０％以上，副作用程度明显减轻，是较理想的根除Ｈｐ方案。     

尿毒症患者的体表胃电图研究

目的应用体表胃电图研究尿毒症患者是否存在胃肌电活动损害．方法应用双电极ＤｉｇｇｔｒａｐｐｅｒＥＧＧ对２５例有胃肠道症状的尿毒症患者和２５例健康志愿者进行餐前、餐后各３０ｍｉｎ胃电图检查，试餐２００８３２ＫＪ（１００ｇ营养麦片，２００ｍＬ开水）．结果健康组餐前主频（ＤＦ）、主功率（ＤＰ）及正常节律百分比（Ｎ％）分别为２９ｍｉｎ－１±０１ｍｉｎ－１，５７６ｂｐ±１５２ｂｐ，９０９％±１９％；餐后：３０ｍｉｎ－１±０１ｍｉｎ－１，２１２７８ｂｐ±７２５ｂｐ（Ｐ＜００１），９２６％±２１％．尿毒症组餐前ＤＦ、ＤＰ、Ｎ％分别为１１ｍｉｎ－１±０２ｍｉｎ－１，６５０４ｂｐ±４８０ｂｐ，４７０％±３９％；餐后１２ｍｉｎ－１±０２ｍｉｎ－１，３６４８ｂｐ±２４５ｂｐ，３３８％±３１％．以上结果与健康组相比均有显著性差异．结论尿毒症患者存在胃电节律紊乱，此种节律紊乱主要表现在正常节律百分比明显下降及餐后功率降低，提示尿毒症患者存在胃肌电活动异常．ＥＧＧ作为一种无创性胃动力检查方法，可用于严重肾功能衰竭、尿毒症患者的临床及研究工作     

胃窦和球部粘膜幽门螺杆菌定植对十二指肠活动性炎症的影响

为明确胃窦幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）定植后是否需经Ｈｐ移植球部才能导致活动性慢性十二指肠炎（ＡＣＤＩ）形成，对４０例胃窦和球部Ｈｐ均阳性（Ａ组）、７２例胃窦Ｈｐ阳性而球部Ｈｐ阴性（Ｂ组）及１２例胃窦和球部Ｈｐ均阴性（Ｃ组）活动性十二指肠球溃疡患者的球部粘膜中性多形核白细胞（ＰＭＮ）浸润率及其计数进行比较，并对Ｂ组行抗Ｈｐ治疗后复查。结果示，Ｂ组ＰＭＮ浸润率和ＰＭＮ计数（８０．６％，１．０６±０．９）明显高于Ｃ组（３３．３％，０．２６±０．４），但明显低于Ａ组（１００．０％，２．３２±０．７），Ｐ均＜０．０５；治疗后Ｂ组内Ｈｐ清除者ＰＭＮ计数较治疗前显著降低（１．０４±０．８，０．２４±０．３，Ｐ＜０．０１），而未清除者仅稍降低（１．０８±０．９，０．８１±０．６，Ｐ＞０．０５）。结果表明，胃窦Ｈｐ定植后可不经Ｈｐ移植球部就能导致ＡＣＤＩ形成，但Ｈｐ移植球部后可增加其形成可能性和活动程度     

经皮球囊二尖瓣扩张术后再狭窄及远期疗效

目的对经皮二尖瓣球囊扩张术（ＰＢＭＶ）后病人长期随访资料作了回顾性分析，以确定再狭窄率、远期疗效及其影响因素。方法对１９８６年５月～１９９５年１２月随访资料完整的１６０例患者进行了回顾性研究，其中男５５例，女１０５例，年龄３８９±８９岁。随访时间１２～８１个月，平均３６±１５个月。对影响远期疗效的因素，用Ｃｏｘ风险模型作了分析。结果随访期间，１２７例（７９％）心功能持续改善。超声心动图测得的术前、术后及随访的二尖瓣口面积分别为１１５±０２ｃｍ２、２１５±０４ｃｍ２和１９２±０４ｃｍ２。２６例（１７％）发生再狭窄，其中１７例症状复发。结论ＰＢＭＶ术后可保持较好的远期疗效，平均３６个月的再狭窄率为１７％。术前超声心动图计分、心功能、有无心房颤动和左房压为长期疗效的独立预测因素。     

Hp感染胃粘膜IL 8及ICAM 1的免疫组化研究

目的检测Ｈｐ感染胃粘膜ＩＬ８和ＩＣＡＭ１的变化，探讨其在Ｈｐ相关性胃十二指肠疾病发病机制中的可能作用．方法内镜下采取胃窦粘膜活检标本．经尿素酶试验、Ｈｐ培养和ＷａｒｓｈｉｎｇＳｔａｒｒｙ染色确定有无Ｈｐ感染；恒冷箱胃粘膜切片（６μｍ），光镜下按Ｃａｒｉｃｋ标准作胃粘膜炎症分级，免疫组化染色检测胃粘膜ＩＬ８和ＩＣＡＭ１的表达．结果Ｈｐ＋胃粘膜炎症重于Ｈｐ－者，在慢性炎症基础上常常合并有活动性炎症；ＩＬ８和ＩＣＡＭ１表达在Ｈｐ＋胃粘膜分别为６６７％（８／１２）和６００％（９／１５），而Ｈｐ－者均为４００％（４／１０）；其表达部位主要位于胃间质单个核细胞和腺上皮细胞．结论Ｈｐ阳性胃粘膜ＩＬ８及ＩＣＡＭ１表达较高，提示Ｈｐ感染时ＩＬ８和ＩＣＡＭ１在胃粘膜局部大量中性粒细胞和淋巴细胞浸润中可能起重要作用．     

胆汁反流性胃炎患者胆囊排空功能研究

目的研究胆汁反流性胃炎（ＢＲＧ）患者胆囊（ＧＢ）排空功能及其与胆汁反流的关系．方法采用随机、双盲和对照的方法，应用实时超声检查研究了３２例ＢＲＧ患者和２６例健康对照者的空腹ＧＢ容量（ＦＧＶ）和餐后ＧＢ排空功能．结果ＦＧＶ（ｃｍ３，ｘ±ｓｘ）ＢＲＧ患者（２３５±１５）明显大于对照组（１９７±１３，Ｐ＜００１）．餐后１５ｍｉｎＧＢ排出量（ＧＥＦ）ＢＲＧ患者即显著减少（Ｐ＜００１），餐后４５ｍｉｎ减少达最大（４５３％ｖｓ７０３％）．最大ＧＥＦＢＲＧ患者（６５４％）明显少于对照组（８０２％，Ｐ＜００１）．ＧＢ排空速度ＢＲＧ患者显著慢于对照组（Ｐ＜００１）．结论ＢＲＧ患者ＧＢ排空明显不良，可能系ＧＢ收缩无力和（或）Ｏｄｄｉ括约肌松弛不良所致；餐后ＧＥＦ减少与ＦＧＶ增多有关，从而使消化间期排入肠道的胆汁增多，当同时存在胃肠运动功能紊乱时即可反流入胃     

食管测压对反流性食管炎的诊断价值

目的探讨食管测压对反流性食管炎的诊断价值．方法使用专用软件控制的高分辨多道灌注测压系统（ＰＣｐｏｌｙｇｒａｆＨＲ瑞典产）测定了正常人１２例及反流性食管炎患者３２例的食管下括约肌动力指标、胸腹段长度及食管体动力参数．结果患者组ＬＥＳＰ，ＬＥＳＲＰ压力（ｋＰａ）明显低于对照组（１０±０７对２６±１０；０１±０４对０４±０２，Ｐ均＜００１）；食管中远段振幅（ｋＰａ）亦低于对照组（干咽：４６±３３对６５±２６，５３±３７对９１±３７，Ｐ均＜００５；湿咽：５３±３３对８９±３６，６１±４６对±１２４±４５，Ｐ均＜００５）．患者组ＬＥＳＬ１（ｃｍ）比对照组短（１７±０８对２６±０９，Ｐ＜００１）．结论反流性食管炎患者ＬＥＳＰ低下，ＬＳＥＬ１过短，食管体中远段动力低下，为临床选用动力药提供了客观依据     

消化性溃疡患者Hp感染与粘膜血流量

目的研究幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）感染与消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）胃肠粘膜血流量（ＧＤＭＢＦ）的关系．福建省立医院消化内科福建省福州市３５０００１方法采用多普勒激光血流仪测定内镜检查患者的非病灶区贲门、胃体、胃窦部及溃疡或胃炎病灶区的ＧＤＭＢＦ．结果非病灶区ＧＤＭＢＦ以贲门部最高，胃体部次之，胃窦部较低，分别为１．６８±０５５Ｖ，１７０±０４２Ｖ和１３５±０３７Ｖ，均明显高于ＰＵ病灶区０８９±０３３Ｖ（Ｐ＜００１）；伴有Ｈｐ感染的ＰＵ患者病灶区及其它非病灶区ＧＤＭＢＦ均显著低于不伴Ｈｐ感染者．结论Ｈｐ感染可造成胃肠粘膜血流量降低，可能是溃疡病灶难愈或复发的原因之一．     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.