胃癌组织nm23和c-erbB_2癌基因蛋白表达与根治术后再发癌的关系

目的探讨ｎｍ２３和ｃｅｒｂＢ２癌基因蛋白表达与胃癌根治术后再发癌发生的关系．方法采用免疫组化ＳＰ法检测６４例胃癌中ｎｍ２３和ｃｅｒｂＢ２的表达，并结合内镜及随访资料进行分析．结果胃癌ｎｍ２３低表达率及ｃｅｒｂＢ２阳性率在淋巴结转移组及术后３ａ内有再发癌组明显增高，ｎｍ２３低表达率及ｃｅｒｂＢ２阳性率：有淋巴结转移组为６８９％（３１／４５）和４２２％（１９／４５）；无淋巴结转移组为３６８％（７／１９）和１５８％（３／１９）；术后３ａ内再发癌组为８１０％（１７／２１）和５２４％（１１／２１）；术后３ａ以上无再发癌组为４８８％（２１／４３）和２２６％（１１／４３）（Ｐ＜００５）．而且ｎｍ２３低表达与肿瘤浸润程度有关，浸至浆膜及周围脏器组ｎｍ２３低表达率为７８６％（２２／２８）；浸至粘膜及粘膜下组者为４００％（６／１５）（Ｐ＜００５）．结论胃癌ｎｍ２３低表达和ｃｅｒｂＢ２阳性表达者具有较强的浸润、转移能力，且术后易发生再发癌，二者的表达变化对判断胃癌术后再发癌的发生及预后有重要意义     

根除幽门螺杆菌和消化性溃疡再出血的关系研究

目的探讨根除幽门螺杆菌（Ｈｐ）对预防消化性溃疡再出血作用。方法对消化性溃疡并出血病人行急诊胃镜检查，取胃窦组织检测Ｈｐ。随机选择Ｈｐ阳性病人分为Ａ、Ｂ两组，分别用洛赛克（２０ｍｇ／次）＋羟氨苄青霉素（７５０ｍｇ／次）和单独用洛赛克（２０ｍｇ／次）治疗，每天２次，共２周。Ｈｐ阴性组（Ｃ组）单用洛赛克（２０ｍｇ／次）治疗，每天２次，共２周。之后，三组病人再用洛赛克（２０ｍｇ／次），一日一次，治疗２周。疗程结束，复查胃镜及检测Ｈｐ，并随访１８个月。结果Ａ、Ｂ、Ｃ三组病人经治疗后，溃疡愈合率分别为１００％，９６８％和９７５％，三组之间相互比较无明显差异，（Ｐ＞００５）。Ａ、Ｂ两组Ｈｐ根除率分别为８３３％和１８７％，两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）。随访１８个月后，Ａ、Ｂ两组的再出血率分别为２７％和３１３％，两者比较有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５），而Ｃ组再出血率为１２５％，分别与Ａ、Ｂ两组比较，再出血率无显著性差异（Ｐ＞００５）。结论根除Ｈｐ能降低消化性溃疡再出血，所有Ｈｐ阳性的消化性溃疡并出血病人需要进行根除Ｈｐ治疗，以防溃疡再出血     

nm23—H1与CD44V6在非小细胞肺癌中的表达及临床意义

目的 通过检测ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１与ＣＤ４４Ｖ６在ＮＳＣＬＣ中的表达,探讨抑癌基因与转移相关基因在ＮＳＣＬＣ中的表达及临床意义。方法 采用免疫组化法检测１４７例ＮＳＣＬＣ ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１、ＣＤ４４Ｖ６的表达情况。结果 ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１阳性９２例（６２．６％）。Ⅰ、Ⅱ期阳性率６５．３％（６２／９５）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期为５７．７％（３０／５２）,两组比较ｘ＾２＝０．２０。Ｐ〉０．０５。高、中分化组阳性８３例（６８．６％）,与低分化组阳性（３４．６％）比较ｘ＾２＝１０．５５,Ｐ〈０．０１。腺癌中ｎｍ２３－Ｈ１阳性５２例（７８．８％）,鳞癌中阳性３２例（５０．８％）,两类型肺癌比较ｘ＾２＝１１．１２,Ｐ〈０．０１。ＣＤ４４Ｖ６阳性率６４．６％（９５／１４７）。在Ⅰ、Ⅱ期中阳性表达率６６．３％（６３／９５）,Ⅲ、Ⅳ期阳性表达５９．６％（     

毫米波加药物治疗Hp+消化性溃疡50例

目的探讨幽门螺杆菌阳性（Ｈｐ＋）的消化性溃疡（ＰＵ）愈合和复发的物理治疗（毫米波ｍｍＷ）及其联合药物治疗的前景．方法本组ＰＵ９３例采用ｍｍＷ辐射探头对ＰＵ患者体表胃投影区照射３０ｍｉｎ，（ｎ＝５０）每日１～２次，联合药物（甲哨唑＋西咪替丁）在Ｈｐ＋的ＰＵ愈合和复发的疗效进行研究，并与对照组４３例进行比较．结果ｍｍＷ治疗及联合药物治疗组与对照组单用药物Ｈ２受体阻滞剂西咪替丁相比较，结果治疗组溃疡愈合率及Ｈｐ根除率１００％（５０／５０）及９８％（４９／５０）．１年后复发率为４％（２／５０）；而对照组溃疡愈合率９０５％（３８／４３），Ｈｐ根除率５０８％（２５／４３），１年后复发率２０９％（９／４３）．说明Ｈｐ根除与溃疡复发有一定关系，２组相比有显著差异（Ｐ＜００５～００１）．结论ｍｍＶ联合药物治疗Ｈｐ＋ＰＵ愈合和复发优于单用Ｈ２受体阻滞剂．     

纯化人白细胞α—干扰素治疗肾综合征出血热抗病毒作用的观察

为了解纯化人白细胞α－干扰素（ＩＦＮ－α）治疗早期（≤５病日）确诊的肾综合征出血热（ＨＦＲＳ）疗效及其意义。对２３例，在临床转归及抗病毒方面进行观察，均显著优于随机对照的２１例患者。治疗前及治疗后２、４、６、８、１０天各留血、尿标本，检测外周血单个核细胞（ＰＢＭＣ）和尿液中病毒膜蛋白（ＭＰ）与核蛋白（ＮＰ），血清抗－ＭＰ和抗－ＮＰ。结果治疗组ＰＢＭＣ中ＭＰ和ＮＰ表达明显受到抑制，至治疗后第１０天６５．２２％（１５／２３例）ＭＰ转阴，６９．５７％（１６／２３例）ＮＰ转阴，对照组为１９．０５％（４／２１例），１４．２９％（３／２１例）；尿ＭＰ与ＮＰ转阴率为７８．５７％（１１／１４例）和９０．９１％（１０／１１例），对照组为３０．００％（３／１０例）和１６．６６％（１／６例）。两组比较差异非常显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。表明ＩＦＮ－α通过抑制病毒表达，减轻病毒的直接损伤，而使病情改善和提高治愈率。     

食管癌核基质抗体的免疫组化研究

目的研究食管癌核基质抗体的肿瘤特异性和组织学特异性．方法用人食管癌组织提取核基质抗原，制备核基质抗体，采用免疫组织化学方法对食管癌４１例（男２６例，女１５例，年龄５３岁±７２岁）、正常食管粘膜８例、食管粘膜异型增生１５例、肺鳞癌１０例、喉癌１０例、胃腺癌１０例以及大鼠食管癌５例进行免疫组化染色．结果食管癌核基质抗体在食管癌组织中表达有特异性（３２／４１，７８０％），与正常食管粘膜（１／８，１２５％）及胃腺癌（２／１０，２００％）有非常显著差异（Ｐ＜００１），与食管异常增生（７／１５，４６７％）、肺鳞癌（３／１０，３００％）、喉鳞癌（４／１０，４００％）差异明显（Ｐ＜００５），但与大鼠食管癌组织（２／５，４００％）差异不明显．食管癌核基质的表达，在不同分化程度的食管癌组织中无明显差异（Ｐ＞００５）；在淋巴结转移阳性组高于淋巴结转移阴性组（１７／１８，９４４％ｖｓ１５／２３，６５２％，Ｐ＜００５）．结论食管癌核基质抗体具有较好肿瘤和组织学特异性，对肿瘤转移有一定影响，可作为食管癌的一项新标记物．     

块状型肝癌多途径治疗后再二期手术切除23例疗效分析

目的块状型肝癌多途径治疗后再二期手术切除２３例疗效分析。方法：我所从１９８３年３月至１９９３年１２月共收治原发块状型肝癌５６例，经肝动脉结扎、碘化油化疗药物（Ｍ、Ｄ、Ｆ）混合液灌注、液态硅胶（ＴＨ）栓塞、肝动脉远心端门静脉保留化疗管，术后分期灌注化疗，化疗期间经皮行癌灶无水酒精注射。结果：一期术后半年定期复查瘤体缩小ＰＲ：６０７％（３４／５６）、ＭＲ：２８５％（１６／５６）、ＳＤ：１０７％（６／５６）。复查后依据各个瘤体缩小及体质实况施行二期手术切除２３例、手术切除率为４１１％（２３／５６）。结论：二期手术病例随访结果：１，３，５年生存率为８２６％（１９／２３）、６８３％（１６／２３）、５２３％（９／１７）。（术后满５年者１７例生存９例）。     

肾上腺素在肝内占位性病变诊断和治疗中的应用

前瞻性分析经临床确诊的３１例肝内占位性病变患者的血管造影及栓塞治疗结果。２６例原发性肝癌常规血管造影病变显示２１例，占数８０．７７％（２１／２６），药我一血管造影显示２５例，占９６．１％（２５／２６）。２２例原发性肝癌行肝动脉内化疗条栓塞治疗，其中１４例行肾上腺素辅助栓塞治疗。３个月复查，普通治疗组复发６２．５％（５／８），肾止腺素辅助栓塞治疗组复发２８．６％（４／１４）。肾上腺素对于肝脏肿瘤诊断     

肝癌组织中转化生长因子β2表达的免疫组化研究

目的探讨肝细胞性肝癌（ＨＣＣ）组织中转化生长因子β２（ＴＧＦβ２）的表达及其临床病理学意义。方法ＡＢＣ免疫组化方法检测５２例我所１９９２～１９９５年手术切除的小肝癌中ＴＧＦβ２的免疫反应性,并根据术后２年内肝癌有无复发,将５２例小肝癌分为复发组和无复发组。分析其临床病理学意义。结果有门脉癌栓者,术后２年复发率为８２４％（１４／１７）,无门脉癌栓者,术后２年复发率为１７１％（６／３５）,两者统计学上有显著性差异（Ｐ＜００５）。复发组ＴＧＦβ２强阳性率４００％（８／２０）,无复发组ＴＧＦβ２强阳性率１２５％（４／３２）,统计学上两组之间差异有显著性（Ｐ＜００５）。有门脉癌栓者,ＴＧＦβ２强阳性率４７１％（８／１７）,无门脉癌栓者,ＴＧＦβ２强阳性率１１４％（４／３５）,两者之间统计学上有显著性差异。结论ＴＧＦβ２的表达异常与肝癌复发、门脉癌栓正相关     

二甲基硅油对胃液中反流胆红素的影响

目的测定胃液中的胆红素浓度以评价二甲基硅油对胆汁反流的疗效．方法慢性胃炎患者６５例，其中伴胆汁反流４５例，进一步分成２组：治疗组（３０例）在测定前服二甲基硅油＋硫糖铝；对照组（１５例）单服硫糖铝．用胆红素氧化酶法测定胆红素浓度．结果无胆汁反流的２０名患者中，胃液中胆红素浓度分别检测１５例为０，５例为０４μｍｏｌ／Ｌ～０８μｍｏｌ／Ｌ；治疗组在服二甲基硅油前后均值分别为（１６０±１２０）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和（６６±４９）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＜００１），而对照组则分别为（１４６±１２３）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ和（１５９±１９８）μｍｏｌ／Ｌ（Ｐ＞００５）；胆红素浓度减少３０％以上者治疗组中占８００％，对照组中占２６７％，两组间有高度显著差异（χ２＝１２１００８．Ｐ＜００１）．结论测定胃液中胆红素有助于判断胆汁反流，并肯定二甲基硅油可减少胆汁反流，从而减轻胆汁反流性胃炎．     

The immunoneuroendocrine role of melatonin

Abstract: A tight, physiological link between the pineal gland and the immune system is emerging from a series of experimental studies. This link might reflect the evolutionary connection between self-recognition and reproduction. Pinealectomy or other experimental methods which inhibit melatonin synthesis and secretion induce a state of immunodepression which is counteracted by melatonin. In general, melatonin seems to have an immunoenhancing effect that is particularly apparent in immunodepressive states. The negative effect of acute stress or immunosuppressive pharmacological treatments on various immune parameters are counteracted by melatonin. It seems important to note that one of the main targets of melatonin is the thymus, i.e., the central organ of the immune system. The clinical use of melatonin as an immunotherapeutic agent seems promising in primary and secondary immunodeficiencies as well as in cancer immunotherapy. The immunoenhancing action of melatonin seems to be mediated by T-helper cell-derived opioid peptides as well as by lymphokines and, perhaps, by pituitary hormones. Melatonin-induced-immuno-opioids (MHO) and lymphokines imply the presence of specific binding sites or melatonin receptors on cells of the immune system. On the other hand, lymphokines such as -γ-interferon and interleukin-2 as well as thymic hormones can modulate the synthesis of melatonin in the pineal gland. The pineal gland might thus be viewed as the crux of a sophisticated immunoneuroendocrine network which functions as an unconscious, diffuse sensory organ.     

Response of rat pineal melatonin to calcium, magnesium, and lithium is circadian stage dependent

Abstract: Herein we documented the response of pineal melatonin production to electrolytes known to be effective on pineal function in view of a possible circadian stage dependence. We studied the release of melatonin by perifused rat pineal glands at 2 different circadian stages corresponding to the middle of the light and dark periods, i.e., respectively, 7 and 19 HALO (Hours After Light Onset, L:D = 12:12). The initial efflux rates were, as expected, much higher in the perifusates of glands removed from rats sacrificed during the dark phase than of those removed during the light phase. After 3 hr of perifusion, melatonin release reached similar levels which were found constant up to the 8th hr of perifusion, whatever the circadian stage. Perifusion of the glands with physiological concentrations for the rat of calcium (5.2 mmol/1) and magnesium (1.34 mmol/1) resulted in a stimulatory effect on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed in the middle of the dark period (19 HALO), whereas no effects were observed on the pineal glands removed from rats sacrificed during the light (7 HALO). Lithium (0.28 and 0.55 mmol/1) was ineffective on melatonin release in pineal glands removed 7 and 19 HALO. Our results show differences in the initial efflux rates of melatonin and in the response of perifused pineal glands to calcium and magnesium according to the circadian stage.     

Changes in connexin43, the gap junction protein of astrocytes, during development of the rat pineal gland

Abstract: The abundance of gap junctions between rat pineal astrocytes formed by connexin43 (Cx43) was studied during development. Levels and distribution of Cx43 were measured by immunoblotting and indirect immunofluorescence, respectively. The amount of Cx43 in cells located within the gland was low until about the 7th postnatal day and increased to adult values between the 14th and 21st days postpartum. Although astrocytes, recognized by their vimentin immunoreactivity, were scarce before birth, they were abundant by the 7th postnatal day suggesting that the low levels of Cx43 found at this age corresponded to a low expression of this protein. Localization of the immunoreactivity to Cx43 and vimentin showed a close correlation, indicating that mature or immature pineal astrocytes form gap junctions made of Cx43. Since Cx43 levels attained their adult values at about the time the innervation and the functional state of the gland reached maturity (2–3 weeks after birth), it is proposed that astrocyte gap junctions are involved in the function of the adult rat pineal gland.     

Conservative management of perforated duodenal diverticulum： A case report and review of the literature

Duodenal diverticula are a relatively common condition. They are asymptomatic, unless they become complicated, with perforation being the rarest but most severe complication. Surgical treatment is the most frequently performed approach. We report the case of a patient with a perforated duodenal diverticulum, which was diagnosed early and treated conservatively with antibiotics and percutaneous drainage of secondary retroperitoneal abscesses. We suggest this method could be an acceptable option for the management of similar cases, provided that the patient is in good general condition and without septic signs.     

Presence of immunoreactive growth hormone and prolactin in the ovine pineal gland

Abstract: The use of antisera raised against bovine growth hormone (GH) and ovine prolactin (PRL) enabled the detection of related immunoreactive (ir) sequences of proteins in ovine pineal tissue. The isolation of PRL-like ir-material was accomplished using a 0.25 M ammonium sulphate (pH 5.5) extraction followed by ethanol precipitation, whereas the resulting 2.0 M ammonium sulphate (pH 7.0) precipitate contained a GH-like immunoreactivity. Gel chromatography of the GH-like immunoreactivity (Sephadex G-100) indicated the presence of several GH-like fragments ranging in the M_r range of 7,000 to 55,000. Analyses of the PRL-like ir-material found in pineal tissue on HPLC using a TSK 545-DEAE column led to the resolution into a single peak of immunoreactivity. A single peak of activity was also observed following chromatofocusing and hydrophobic interaction chromatography of the ir-peak from the TSK 545-DEAE column. The PRL-like ir-material inhibited the binding of [¹²⁵I]ovine PRL-S14 to anti-ovine PRL antibodies without showing an affinity for binding to anti-rat PRL or anti-bovine GH antibodies. Scatchard analysis of the binding of pineal PRL-like ir-material and pituitary ovine PRL-S14 to liver membranes from day-20 pregnant rats revealed similar affinity constants (K_a of 4.7 ± 0.2 × 10⁹ M^-1). In addition, the replication of Nb 2 Node rat lymphoma cells was stimulated by pineal PRL-like ir-material, an effect known to be specific for lactogenic hormones. The pineal PRL-like immunoreactivity appeared on sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gels as a single major band of M_r 24,000. The functional status of PRL-and GH-like ir-material in the ovine pineal remains to be determined, but evidence is presented that the overall protein synthesis rate of the rat pineal responded to circulating concentrations of PRL.     

Microbiology of human immunodeficiency virus anorectal disease

PURPOSE: Individuals who are seropositive for the human immunodeficiency virus are at high risk for opportunistic infection and anorectal disorders. Little prospective information is available regarding anorectal pathogens in these patients. METHODS: One hundred sixty-three HIV-seropositive patients presented to the colorectal clinic between 1989 and 1992. Forty-seven (29 percent) patients were thought to have an infectious process and were prospectively studied using a standardized multiculture protocol. RESULTS: Mean age was 33 (range, 19–59) years. All were male; high-risk behavior accounted for 87 percent of HIV transmissions. Presenting complaints included anorectal pain (79 percent), pus per anum (28 percent), and blood per anum (26 percent). Examination revealed perianal tenderness (60 percent), condyloma (38 percent), perianal ulcers (38 percent), and anal fissures (34 percent). Sixty-six sets of cultures were performed; 28 patients had one set, 15 had two sets, and 4 had three sets. Thirty-two of these 47 patients (68 percent) had positive cultures including herpes (50 percent), cytomegalovirus (25 percent),Neisseria gonorrhoeae (16 percent), chlamydia (16 percent), acidfast bacilli (2 percent), and others (9 percent). Six of 32 patients with positive cultures had more than one organism cultured. Sixteen (50 percent) patients with positive cultures were treated medically, 8 (25 percent) were treated surgically and 8 (25 percent) were treated with both modalities. Sixty-one procedures were performed on 17 patients for condylomata. Eighteen patients had 20 procedures for abscesses, 50 percent of whom had positive cultures for other than common bowel flora; all improved. Fourteen patients underwent 33 procedures for perianal fistulas.Mycobacterium fortuitum was cultured from one patient who required 13 procedures for abscesses and fistulas. Forty-five (96 percent) patients were followed for an average of 12.5 months ±2.9 SEM (range, 1–94 months). Symptoms were improved or resolved in 22 of 32 (69 percent) patients with positive cultures and in 11 of 13 (84 percent) with negative cultures. CONCLUSIONS: Specific pathogens may often be identified in human immunodeficiency virus-seropositive patients with anorectal disorders if aggressively sought. Although patients without specific pathogens identified may be expected to improve with planned empiric treatment, positive identification allows more directed therapy.