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1.
Justine B. Daly Megan Freund Sally Burrows Robyn Considine Jennifer A. Bowman John H. Wiggers 《Maternal and child health journal》2017,21(1):108-117
Background Exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) is a significant contributor to ill health in children. A study was undertaken to determine the effectiveness of two brief multi-strategic child health nurse delivered interventions in: decreasing the prevalence of infants exposed to SHS; decreasing the prevalence of smoking amongst parent/carers of infants and increasing the prevalence of household smoking bans. Methods This study was a 3 arm, cluster randomised controlled trial. Clusters were 39 community based well child health clinics in one local area health service. Clinics were stratified according to annual number of client appointments and then randomly assigned in a 1:1:1 ratio, (Intervention 1: Intervention 2: Control), with 13 clinics in each cluster. Parents/carers of infants in the intervention groups received a brief multi-strategic intervention from child health nurses during clinic consultations. Treatment condition 1 included computer delivered risk assessment and feedback and nurse brief advice. Treatment condition 2 included all elements of Treatment condition 1 with the addition of biochemical feedback of infant SHS exposure. Results When compared to the Control group at 12 months, no significant differences in the prevalence of infant exposure to SHS were detected from baseline to follow-up for Treatment condition 1 (OR 1.16, 95 % CI 0.73–1.85, p = 0.53) or Treatment condition 2 (OR 1.30, 95 % CI 0.88–1.92, p = 0.19) Similarly, no significant differences were detected in the proportion of parent/carers who reported that they were smokers (T1:OR 0.95, 95 % CI 0.78–1.15, p = 0.58 and T2:OR 0.97, 95 % CI 0.80–1.18, p = 0.77), or in the proportion of households reported to have a complete smoking ban (T1:OR 1.21, 95 % CI 0.89–1.64, p = 0.23 and T2:OR 1.06, 95 % CI 0.79–1.43, p = 0.68). Conclusions Further research is required to identify effective interventions that can be consistently provided by child health nurses if the potential of such settings to contribute to reductions in child SHS exposure is to be realised. 相似文献
2.
Nicole M. Probst-Hensch Medea Imboden Denise Felber Dietrich Jean-Claude Barthélemy Ursula Ackermann-Liebrich Wolfgang Berger Jean-Michel Gaspoz Joel Schwartz 《Environmental health perspectives》2008,116(11):1494-1499
Background
Disturbances of heart rate variability (HRV) may represent one pathway by which second-hand smoke (SHS) and air pollutants affect cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The mechanisms are poorly understood.Objectives
We investigated the hypothesis that oxidative stress alters cardiac autonomic control. We studied the association of polymorphisms in oxidant-scavenging glutathione S-transferase (GST) genes and their interactions with SHS and obesity with HRV.Methods
A total of 1,133 nonsmokers > 50 years of age from a population-based Swiss cohort underwent ambulatory 24-hr electrocardiogram monitoring and reported on lifestyle and medical history. We genotyped GSTM1 and GSTT1 gene deletions and a GSTP1 (Ile105Val) single nucleotide polymorphism and analyzed genotype–HRV associations by multiple linear regressions.Results
Homozygous GSTT1 null genotypes exhibited an average 10% decrease in total power (TP) and low-frequency-domain HRV parameters. All three polymorphisms modified the cross-sectional associations of HRV with SHS and obesity. Homozygous GSTM1 null genotypes with > 2 hr/day of SHS exposure exhibited a 26% lower TP [95% confidence interval (CI), 11 to 39%], versus a reduction of −5% (95% CI, −22 to 17%) in subjects with the gene and the same SHS exposure compared with GSTM1 carriers without SHS exposure. Similarly, obese GSTM1 null genotypes had, on average, a 22% (95% CI, 12 to 31%) lower TP, whereas with the gene present obesity was associated with only a 3% decline (95% CI, −15% to 10%) compared with nonobese GSTM1 carriers.Conclusions
GST deficiency is associated with significant HRV alterations in the general population. Its interaction with SHS and obesity in reducing HRV is consistent with an impact of oxidative stress on the autonomous nervous system. 相似文献3.
Purpose
Previous epidemiological studies on egg consumption and the risk of gastrointestinal (GI) neoplasms suggest a positive association; however, data are limited and the evidence remains controversial. This study aims to investigate and quantify the potential dose–response relationship with an evaluation of cancer site-specific differences.Methods
Relevant studies were identified after the literature search via electronic databases until January 2014. Subgroup analysis for serving portions was performed using two standardized classification methods: (1) less than 3, or 3 or more eggs per week; (2) less than 3, 3–5, or more than 5 eggs per week. Method two excludes studies that only reported consumption frequency. Pooled adjusted odds ratios (ORs) comparing highest and lowest categories of dietary pattern scores were calculated using a random-effects model.Results
Thirty-seven case–control and seven cohort studies were included for meta-analysis, which contained a total of 424,867 participants and 18,852 GI neoplasm cases. The combined odds ratio (OR) was calculated to 1.15 (95 % CI 1.09–1.22; p value heterogeneity <0.001), showing only a slight increase in risk. The correlation was stronger for colon cancers 1.29 (95 % CI 1.14–1.46; p value heterogeneity <0.22). Dose–response analysis revealed similar results with stratification methods, and the ORs for an intake of <3 and ≥3 eggs per week were 1.14 (95 % CI 1.07–1.22; p value heterogeneity = 0.38) and 1.25 (95 % CI 1.14–1.38; p value heterogeneity = 0.25), respectively. With method 2, the ORs for an intake of <3, 3–5, and >5 eggs per week were 1.13 (95 % CI 1.06–1.21; p value heterogeneity = 0.25), 1.14 (95 % CI 1.01–1.29; p value heterogeneity = 0.06), and 1.19 (95 % CI 1.01–1.39; p value heterogeneity <0.001), respectively.Conclusion
This study provides evidence that egg consumption is associated with a positive dose–response association with the development of GI neoplasms. 相似文献4.
Objectives
To review the published literature investigating the association between cadmium exposure and osteoporosis.Methods
A review of published peer-reviewed literature based on a priori criteria was completed. Odds ratios (OR) were abstracted or estimated from observational studies to calculate a pooled OR using inverse variance weighted random effects models.Results
The review identified seven studies with a pooled OR of OR = 2.22 (95 % CI: 1.16, 4.28) [I 2 = 54.8 % (p < 0.05)] (comparing highest urine cadmium category to lowest). In women over the age of 50 years, the pooled OR was 1.82 (95 % CI: 1.63, 2.02) [I 2 = 73.1 % (p < 0.05)]. A dose response evaluation (six studies) suggested increasing odds for osteoporosis with increasing urine cadmium levels.Conclusions
This review detected an association between cadmium exposure and the occurrence of osteoporosis in a small number of cross-sectional studies which requires confirmation in using prospective study design. 相似文献5.
Jutta Lindert Ondine S. von Ehrenstein Rachel Grashow Gilad Gal Elmar Braehler Marc G. Weisskopf 《International journal of public health》2014,59(2):359-372
Objectives
To determine whether depression and anxiety in adulthood are associated with abuse exposure in childhood.Methods
A search of PUBMED, EMBASE and PSYCHINFO databases (2002–2012) was supplemented by hand searches of bibliographies of articles and reviews. We included studies contrasting abuse exposure vs. no-abuse exposure before age 16 years to depression and anxiety after age 16 years. Data on sample and exposure and outcome instruments, covariates and odds ratios (ORs) with the respective 95 % confidence intervals (CI) were extracted. Combined ORs and 95 % CI were calculated using random effects models. Heterogeneity was quantified using the I 2 test.Results
Inclusion criteria were met by 19 studies with 115,579 study participants, for assessing depression (n = 14) and anxiety (n = 13). The combined ORs for depression were 2.04 (95 % CI: 1.65–2.53) for sexual abuse and 1.49 (95 % CI: 1.29–1.72) for physical abuse. The combined ORs for anxiety were 2.52 (95 % CI: 2.12–2.98) for sexual abuse and 1.70 (95 % CI: 1.33–2.18) for physical abuse.Conclusions
High levels of depression, anxiety and distress are reported in adults exposed to childhood sexual and physical abuse. These findings require increased awareness for the potential needs of adults exposed to child abuse and public health interventions to prevent child abuse. 相似文献6.
Helge Brändström Urban Wiklund Marcus Karlsson Karl-Axel Ängquist Helena Grip Michael Haney 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2013,86(3):357-365
Purpose
Differences among individuals concerning susceptibility to local cold injury following acute cold exposure may be related to function of the autonomic nervous system. We hypothesized that there are differences in heart rate variability (HRV) between individuals with normal or more pronounced vasoconstriction following cold exposure and that there is an adaptation related to prolonged cold exposure in autonomic nervous system response to cold stimuli.Methods
Seventy-seven young men performed a cold provocation test, where HRV was recorded during cold hand immersion and recovery. Forty-three subjects were re-examined 15 months later, with many months of cold weather training between the tests. Subjects were analyzed as ‘slow’ and ‘normal’ rewarmers according to their thermographic rewarming pattern.Results
For the ‘pre-training’ test, before cold climate exposure, normal rewarmers had higher power for low-frequency (PLF) and high-frequency (PHF) HRV components during the cold provocation test (ANOVA for groups: p = 0.04 and p = 0.005, respectively). There was an approximately 25 % higher PHF at the start in normal rewarmers, in the logarithmic scale. Low frequency-to-high frequency ratio (PLF/PHF) showed lower levels for normal rewarmers (ANOVA for groups: p = 0.04). During the ‘post-training’ cold provocation test, both groups lacked the marked increase in heart rate that occurred during cold exposure at the ‘pre-training’ setting. After cold acclimatization (post-training), normal rewarmers showed lower resting power values for the low-frequency and high-frequency HRV components. After winter training, the slow rewarmers showed reduced low-frequency power for some of the cold provocation measurements but not all (average total PLF, ANOVA p = 0.05), which was not present before winter training.Conclusions
These HRV results support the conclusion that cold adaptation occurred in both groups. We conclude that further prospective study is needed to determine whether cold adaptation provides protection to subjects at higher risk for cold injury, that is, slow rewarmers. 相似文献7.
Wen-Ling Tsai Chih-Yen Chien Hsuan-Ying Huang Kuan-Cho Liao Fu-Min Fang 《Quality of life research》2013,22(4):715-723
Purpose
Pretreatment quality of life (QoL) has been used to predict survival in cancer patients. In this study, we examined the prognostic value of QoL measured after treatment on subsequent survival in patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC).Methods
We enrolled 273 patients with NPC who had been curatively treated for more than 1 year. The EORTC QLQ-C30 and H&N35 questionnaires were completed 1 year after radiotherapy. The predictability of QoL variables on disease-specific survival (DSS) and overall survival (OS) was analyzed using Cox’s proportional hazards models.Results
Twenty-nine (10.6 %) patients developed locoregional relapse and 27 (9.9 %) had distant metastasis after the QoL survey with subsequent 5-year DSS and OS rates of 87.9 % and 84.0 %, respectively. Based on the QLQ-C30, scales of physical functioning, fatigue, and appetite loss significantly predicted DSS and OS (p < 0.05). In the H&N35, only sexuality was significantly correlated with DSS and OS (p < 0.05). An increment of 10 points in physical functioning (HR: 0.69; 95 % CI: 0.48–0.90; p = 0.004) or a decline of 10 points in fatigue problems (HR: 1.40; 95 % CI: 1.19–1.61; p = 0.0002), appetite loss (HR: 1.21; 95 % CI: 1.03–1.40; p = 0.02), and sexuality (HR: 1.14; 95 % CI: 1.02–1.25; p = 0.019) was associated with better OS.Conclusion
Some QoL variables measured after the treatment provide prognostic value on subsequent survival in patients with NPC. 相似文献8.
Jae Bum Park Akinori Nakata Naomi G. Swanson Heekyoung Chun 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2013,86(2):211-222
Purpose
The purpose of this study was to assess the association of organizational factors with work-related sleep problems (WRSP) among Korean workers.Methods
The data were derived from the First Korean Working Conditions Survey conducted in 2006 with a representative sample of the Korean working population (n = 10,039).Results
The overall prevalence of WRSP was 5.1 % (95 % confidence interval (CI) 4.7–5.5). Those who experienced sexual harassment at work (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 3.47: 95 % CI 1.77–6.81), discrimination due to sex (aOR 2.44: 95 % CI 1.36–4.36) or age (aOR 2.22: 95 % CI 1.52–3.23), violence at work (aOR 1.98: 95 % CI 1.06–3.68), threat of violence (aOR 1.96: 95 % CI 1.05–3.66), poor work-life balance (aOR 1.78: 95 % CI 1.44–2.20), low job satisfaction (aOR 1.69: 95 % CI 1.37–2.09), high cognitive (OR 1.64: 95 % CI 1.32–2.03) and emotional (aOR 1.53: 95 % CI 1.22–1.91) demands, job insecurity (aOR 1.32: 95 % CI 1.07–1.63), and high work intensity (aOR 1.55: 95 % CI: 95 % CI 1.25–1.92) had an increased risk of WRSP compared to their respective counterparts (p < 0.01). Low social support was not significantly associated with WRSP (aOR 0.88: 95 % CI 0.67–1.15).Conclusion
The results revealed that poor psychosocial working conditions may be related to a high prevalence of WRSP among representative Korean workers. 相似文献9.
Oscar H. Del Brutto Robertino M. Mera Mauricio Zambrano Victor J. Del Brutto Pablo R. Castillo 《Environmental health and preventive medicine》2014,19(3):234-237
Objectives
Cardiovascular correlates of sleep disorders have not been well investigated in underserved populations. The aim of this door-to-door survey was to evaluate the association between sleep quality and cardiovascular health status in persons aged ≥40 years living in a village that is representative of rural Ecuador.Methods
All stroke-free Atahualpa residents aged ≥40 years were screened with a validated Spanish version of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and the seven cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics proposed by the American Heart Association to assess the CVH status.Results
A total of 635 persons (mean age 59 ± 13 years; 58 % women) were identified. A poor sleep quality was present in 27 % of the subjects (95 % CI 24–31 %) and a poor cardiovascular health in 69 % (95 % CI 63–71 %). In a multivariate logistic regression model, a poor sleep quality was associated with some CVH metrics in the poor range, including smoking status (p = 0.026), physical activity (p = 0.01) and blood glucose levels (p = 0.036).Conclusions
A poor sleep quality may be linked to individual cardiovascular risk factors in this underserved Latin American population. This finding provides useful insights for the implementation of regional prevention priorities. 相似文献10.
Tom Sterud Håkon A. Johannessen Tore Tynes 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2014,87(5):471-481
Purpose
This study examines the impact of work-related psychosocial and mechanical exposure on the development of neck/shoulder pain in the general working population.Methods
A randomly drawn cohort from the general population in Norway aged 18–66 was followed up for 3 years (n = 12,550, response rate = 67 %). Eligible respondents were in paid work during the reference week in 2006 and 2009, or temporarily absent from such work (n = 6,745). Four work-related psychosocial factors and six mechanical exposures were measured. Outcomes of interest were moderate or severe neck/shoulder pain at follow-up adjusted for baseline neck/shoulder pain.Results
In total, 16.9 % (1,138 individuals) reported neck/shoulder pain during the last month at follow-up. Work related psychosocial predictors of neck/shoulder pain were high job demands (highest OR 1.41, 95 % CI 1.11–1.78) and low levels of supportive leadership (highest OR 1.66, 95 % CI 1.08–2.54). Mechanical factors were neck flexion (highest OR 1.77, 95 % CI 1.31–2.39) and lifting in awkward postures (highest OR 1.81, 95 % CI 1.21–2.71). The estimated population risk attributable to these factors was about 23 %. The relative risk for neck/shoulder pain associated with psychosocial exposure was slightly influenced by adjustment for physical risk factors, and vice versa. There was no substantial confounding related to age, gender, education, occupation or psychological distress.Conclusions
Highly demanding jobs, neck flexion and awkward lifting appear as the most important predictors of neck/shoulder pain. 相似文献11.
Valentina Minardi Giuseppe Gorini Giulia Carreras Maria Masocco Gianluigi Ferrante Valentina Possenti Elisa Quarchioni Lorenzo Spizzichino Daniela Galeone Stefania Vasselli Stefania Salmaso 《International journal of public health》2014,59(3):549-554
Objectives
The aim of this paper is to report compliance with the smoking ban and the spread of smoke-free homes after 3–8 years since the Italian smoking ban implementation, according to the ongoing Italian surveillance system for behavioural risk factors (PASSI).Methods
PASSI is based on representative annual samples of the Italian population aged 18–69 years. We considered questions on smoking habits, self-reported compliance with the ban, and on smoke-free homes of 176,236 interviews conducted in 2008–2012.Results
Ninety percent of respondents in 2012 reported that the smoking ban was enforced in hospitality premises (HPs), with a significant 3 % increase from 2008. Similarly, 91.3 % in 2012 reported a high compliance in workplaces other than HPs, with a significant 5 % increase. Perception of compliance did not change among smokers and non-smokers. Seventy-eight percent of respondents in 2012 reported smoke-free homes, with a significant increase from 2008 to 2012.Conclusions
The high compliance with the ban that is still increasing even after 8 years since its implementation may partially have caused the concurrent increase in smoke-free homes. 相似文献12.
Amy van Grieken Lydian Veldhuis Carry M. Renders Jeanne M. Landgraf Remy A. Hirasing Hein Raat 《Quality of life research》2013,22(4):917-928
Purpose
Examine the health-related quality of life of 5–6-year-old underweight, overweight and obese children.Methods
Our cross-sectional study included 3,227 parent–child dyads from the “Be active, eat right” study. Parents completed questionnaires regarding child and parental characteristics. Health-related quality of life of the child was measured using the Child Health Questionnaire Parent Form 28. Children were classified normal weight, overweight, obese, severely obese, and underweight according to the international age and gender BMI cutoff points. Bootstrap analyses were performed for general linear models corrected for potential confounding variables.Results
Severely obese children (β, ?2.60; 95 % CI, ?4.80 to ?0.57, p < 0.01) and underweight children (β, ?1.11; 95 % CI, ?1.85 to ?0.39, p < 0.01) had lower parent-reported scores on the physical summary scale. On the physical functioning profile scale parents of overweight and severely obese children also reported statistically significant lower scores (p < 0.05 and p < 0.01, respectively).There were no significant differences regarding the psychosocial summary scale scores between the different weight categories.Conclusion
Underweight and overweight children experience impaired health-related quality of life on the physical functioning domain. Physicians, teachers and parents should be aware of the possible negative impact on health-related quality of life in underweight and overweight 5–6-year-old children. 相似文献13.
Germaine N. Nkengfack Judith N. Torimiro Jeanne Ngogang Sylvia Binting Stephanie Roll Peter Tinnemann Heike Englert 《International journal of public health》2014,59(3):509-517
Objectives
To measure the effects of an HIV-Care-Program, focusing on nutrition and lifestyle, which can be provided at scale to HIV-infected patients, on clinical and anthropometrical parameters, and health status.Methods
A cluster-randomized trial, including 5 health facilities randomized to intervention n = 100 (HIV-Care-Program) or control n = 101 (Usual-Care). The HIV-Care-Program consisted of counseling lessons for 6 months, on: nutrition, hygiene, coping with stigma and discrimination, embedded in practical activities. Outcome variables were CD4 count after 6 months and time to antiretroviral therapy (ARV) initiation, using analysis of covariance and Kaplan–Meier method, respectively.Results
After 6 months, CD4 count dropped by 46.3 cells (7.7 %) (intervention) and 129 (23 %) (control) (p = 0.003). Mean time to ARV; 5.9 months 95 % CI (5.9, 6.0) (intervention); 4.9 months 95 % CI (4.7, 5.2) (control) (p < 0.004). There was a partial correlation between CD4 count and initial viral load (r = ?0.190, p = 0.017).Conclusions
The intervention provides a low-cost alternative improving health status, slowing down CD4 cell decline, delaying initiation of ARV and thus freeing local ARV capacities for patients in urgent need. 相似文献14.
Lidia Casas Jan Paul Zock Anne Elie Carsin Ana Fernandez-Somoano Ana Esplugues Loreto Santa-Marina Adonina Tardón Ferran Ballester Mikel Basterrechea Jordi Sunyer 《International journal of public health》2013,58(5):757-764
Objective
To evaluate the effects of household use of cleaning products during pregnancy on infant wheezing and lower respiratory tract infections (LRTI).Methods
In four prospective Spanish birth cohorts (n = 2,292), pregnant women reported the use of household cleaning products. When infants were 12–18 months old, current cleaning product use and infant’s wheezing and LRTI were reported. Cohort-specific associations between the use of specific products and respiratory outcomes were evaluated using multivariable regression analyses and estimates were combined using random-effects meta-analyses.Results
The period prevalence of LRTI was higher when sprays (combined odds ratio (OR) = 1.29; 95 % confidence interval (CI) 1.04–1.59) or air fresheners (OR = 1.29; CI 1.03–1.63) were used during pregnancy. The odds of wheezing increased with spray (OR = 1.37; CI 1.10–1.69) and solvent (OR = 1.30; CI 1.03–1.62) use. The associations between spray and air freshener use during pregnancy and both outcomes remained apparent when these products were not used after pregnancy. Nevertheless, the estimates were higher when post-natal exposure was included.Conclusion
The use of cleaning sprays, air fresheners and solvents during pregnancy may increase the risk of wheezing and infections in the offspring. 相似文献15.
Catherine E. Oldenburg Katie B. Biello Donn Colby Elizabeth F. Closson Thi Mai Thi Nguyen Ngoc A. Nguyen Matthew J. Mimiaga 《International journal of public health》2014,59(5):833-840
Objectives
Male sex workers (MSW) in Vietnam face high levels of stigma related to sex work, which may be associated with depression and increased vulnerability to HIV.Methods
In 2010, 300 MSW completed a behavioral and psychosocial survey. Multivariable models assessed factors associated with sex work-related stigma and the association between stigma and depression.Results
Factors associated with increased stigma included having disclosed sexual orientation to healthcare workers (b 1.75, 95 % CI 0.69–2.80), meeting clients in the street/park (b 1.42, 95 % CI 0.32–2.52), and having been forced to have sex without a condom (b 2.36, 95 % CI 1.27–3.45). Factors associated with decreased stigma included meeting clients via the telephone or internet (b ?1.26, 95 % CI ?2.39 to ?0.12) and receiving financial support from family or friends (b ?1.31, 95 % CI ?2.46 to ?0.17). Stigma was significantly associated with increased odds of depression (AOR 1.07, 95 % CI 1.01–1.15).Conclusions
Addressing stigma and depression in HIV prevention interventions is crucial for tailoring these programs to MSWs’ needs, and may result in decreased HIV spread. 相似文献16.
Laura Stöcklin Georg Loss Erika von Mutius Juliane Weber Jon Genuneit Elisabeth Horak Barbara Sozanska Hanna Danielewicz Paul Cullinan Dick Heederick Charlotte Braun-Fahrländer 《International journal of public health》2013,58(3):355-366
Objective
Measuring children’s health-related quality of life (HRQOL) is of growing importance given increasing chronic diseases. By integrating HRQOL questions into the European GABRIEL study, we assessed differences in HRQOL between rural farm and non-farm children from Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Poland to relate it to common childhood health problems and to compare it to a representative, mostly urban German population sample (KIGGS).Methods
The parents of 10,400 school-aged children answered comprehensive questionnaires including health-related questions and the KINDL-R questions assessing HRQOL.Results
Austrian children reported highest KINDL-R scores (mean: 80.9; 95 % CI [80.4, 81.4]) and Polish children the lowest (74.5; [73.9, 75.0]). Farm children reported higher KINDL-R scores than non-farm children (p = 0.002). Significantly lower scores were observed in children with allergic diseases (p < 0.001), with sleeping difficulties (p < 0.001) and in overweight children (p = 0.04). The German GABRIEL sample reported higher mean scores (age 7–10 years: 80.1, [79.9, 80.4]; age 11–13 years: 77.1, [74.9, 79.2]) compared to the urban KIGGS study (age 7–10 years: 79.0, [78.7–79.3]; age 11–13 years: 75.1 [74.6–75.6]). Socio-demographic or health-related factors could not explain differences in HRQOL between countries.Conclusions
Future increases in chronic diseases may negatively impact children’s HRQOL. 相似文献17.
Roma Runeson-Broberg Dan Norbäck 《International archives of occupational and environmental health》2013,86(8):915-922
Purpose
Medical symptoms called sick building syndrome (SBS) and sick house syndrome (SHS) are usually investigated separately: in this study, SBS and SHS were explored simultaneously. The significance of personal factors, perceptions of air quality, and psychosocial work situation in explaining SBS and SHS were investigated.Methods
A random sample of 1,000 subjects (20–65 year) received a postal questionnaire including questions on personal factors, medical symptoms, and the psychosocial demand-control-support model. The response rate was 70 % (n = 695), of which 532 were occupationally active.Results
In logistic regression models, atopy, poor air quality at work, and low social support, especially low supervisor support, were associated with both SBS and SHS when age, gender, smoking, and BMI were introduced. The general work-related symptoms (headache, tiredness, nausea, and sensation of a cold) were also related to low control over work.Conclusions
The perception of poor physical environmental conditions is associated with common medical symptoms that are both work and home related. The associations between medical symptoms and poor air quality are still present, even when controlling for the psychosocial environment. 相似文献18.
Steingerdur Olafsdottir Gabriele Eiben Hillevi Prell Sabrina Hense Lauren Lissner Staffan Mårild Lucia Reisch Christina Berg 《International journal of public health》2014,59(1):67-75
Objectives
This study investigated the associations between children’s screen habits and their consumption of sweetened beverages. Because parents might be disposed to regulate their child’s screen and dietary habits in a similar direction, our specific aim was to examine whether these associations were independent of parental norms.Methods
In the Swedish sample of the European Identification and prevention of dietary and lifestyle-induced health effects in children and infants (IDEFICS) study, parents filled in questionnaires about their 2 to 9-year-old children’s (n = 1,733) lifestyle and diets.Results
Associations between screen habits and sweetened beverage consumption were found independent of parental norms regarding sweetened beverages. A longitudinal analysis revealed that sweetened beverage consumption at 2-year follow-up was predicted by exposure to commercial TV at baseline (OR 1.4, 95 % CI 1.1–1.9). Cross-sectional analysis showed that the likelihood of consuming sweetened beverages at least 1–3 times per week increased for each hour/day watching television (OR 1.5, 95 % CI 1.2–1.9), and for being exposed to commercials (OR 1.6, 95 % CI 1.3–2.1). TV viewing time and commercial exposure contributed to the associations independently of each other.Conclusions
The results strengthen the assumption that it is possible to influence children’s dietary habits through their TV habits. 相似文献19.
Lluís Cirera José María Huerta María Dolores Chirlaque Genevieve Buckland Nerea Larrañaga María José Sánchez Antonio Agudo Pilar Amiano José Ramón Quirós Eva Ardanaz Larraitz Arriola Esther Molina Miren Dorronsoro Aurelio Barricarte Carlos A. González Concepción Moreno-Iribas Carmen Navarro 《International journal of public health》2013,58(1):65-77
Objective
Social position has yet to be established as a risk factor of coronary heart disease (CHD). Our aim was to investigate an individual life-course social position gradient link with CHD incidence in the EPIC-Spain cohort.Methods
41,066 participants, mostly 30–65 years old, and free of cardiovascular disease at baseline (1992–1996) were followed up for a mean of 10.4 years. A combined score of paternal occupation in childhood and own adult education was used to assess individual life-course risk accumulation. Hazard ratios of CHD were estimated using Cox models, stratifying by centre, and age, and adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors.Results
583 participants (80 % men) developed a definite CHD event. Paternal occupational class IV was associated with CHD in all models in men. The educational gradient remained significant after adjusting for diet and physical activity (p = 0.01). All adjusted risk of incident CHD rose by 23 % (95 % CI 6–42 %) per category increase of life-course social position score in men. No significant associations were found in women.Conclusions
Individual life-course social position gradient was adversely related to incident CHD in Spanish men. 相似文献20.