187例肾下腹主动脉瘤的手术治疗经验

目的　总结肾下型腹主动脉瘤手术经验。方法　回顾性分析 1 992年 1月至 2 0 0 4年2月 1 87例择期行肾下型腹主动脉瘤切除术 (或同时切除髂动脉瘤 )的临床资料。结果　围手术期心梗死亡 1例 ,死亡率为 0 . 5 4 %。手术时间 3～ 6h ,平均 3 8h ;出血量 2 0 0～ 1 5 0 0ml,平均 4 70ml;输血量 0～ 1 5 0 0ml,平均 4 4 5ml。ICU停留时间 1 2～ 2 4h。围手术期并发症包括心力衰竭 1 7例 ,呼吸衰竭 8例 ,急性心肌梗死 2例 ,急性脑梗死 1例 ,急性肾功能衰竭 3例 ,无术后严重出血或失血性休克发生 ,无下肢动脉栓塞发生。术后 1、3、5年生存率分别为 97. 0 %、84. 6 %、78 . 3%,患者随访期间的死亡与腹主动脉瘤和手术无关。结论　瘤体直径不能作为手术指征。腹主动脉瘤手术的危险因素主要是高龄、严重的心肺疾患和肾功能不全等。手术切除腹主动脉瘤疗效是满意的。     

腹主动脉瘤开放手术围手术期并发症分析

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)开放手术并发症的治疗和预防.方法 1991年1月到2009年8月手术治疗AAA329例,对围手术期并发症进行回顾性分析.结果 患者均顺利完成手术治疗,30 d围手术期死亡率为0.91%.围手术期主要并发症发生率为19.1%(63/329),包括心功能不全21例,呼吸功能不全15例,心肌梗死6例,肾功能衰竭5例,心律失常6例,脑梗死2例,下肢动脉栓塞2例,伤口裂开2例,腹壁切口疝1例,皮下血肿1例,下肢深静脉血栓2例.均给以对症治疗,1例患者死于急性心肌梗死,1例术后6 h出现肾功能衰竭,经20 d透析治疗后死亡,1例术后6 h死于频发室早和室颤,其余患者恢复良好.结论 心脏并发症及呼吸功能不全是AAA开放手术后最常见的并发症,术前全面评估、术中精细操作、术后严密监护并及时处理相应并发症是提高疗效的关键.     

腹主动脉瘤开放手术围手术期并发症分析

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)开放手术并发症的治疗和预防.方法 1991年1月到2009年8月手术治疗AAA329例,对围手术期并发症进行回顾性分析.结果 患者均顺利完成手术治疗,30 d围手术期死亡率为0.91%.围手术期主要并发症发生率为19.1%(63/329),包括心功能不全21例,呼吸功能不全15例,心肌梗死6例,肾功能衰竭5例,心律失常6例,脑梗死2例,下肢动脉栓塞2例,伤口裂开2例,腹壁切口疝1例,皮下血肿1例,下肢深静脉血栓2例.均给以对症治疗,1例患者死于急性心肌梗死,1例术后6 h出现肾功能衰竭,经20 d透析治疗后死亡,1例术后6 h死于频发室早和室颤,其余患者恢复良好.结论 心脏并发症及呼吸功能不全是AAA开放手术后最常见的并发症,术前全面评估、术中精细操作、术后严密监护并及时处理相应并发症是提高疗效的关键.     

腹主动脉瘤开放手术围手术期并发症分析

目的 探讨腹主动脉瘤(abdominal aortic aneurysm,AAA)开放手术并发症的治疗和预防.方法 1991年1月到2009年8月手术治疗AAA329例,对围手术期并发症进行回顾性分析.结果 患者均顺利完成手术治疗,30 d围手术期死亡率为0.91%.围手术期主要并发症发生率为19.1%(63/329),包括心功能不全21例,呼吸功能不全15例,心肌梗死6例,肾功能衰竭5例,心律失常6例,脑梗死2例,下肢动脉栓塞2例,伤口裂开2例,腹壁切口疝1例,皮下血肿1例,下肢深静脉血栓2例.均给以对症治疗,1例患者死于急性心肌梗死,1例术后6 h出现肾功能衰竭,经20 d透析治疗后死亡,1例术后6 h死于频发室早和室颤,其余患者恢复良好.结论 心脏并发症及呼吸功能不全是AAA开放手术后最常见的并发症,术前全面评估、术中精细操作、术后严密监护并及时处理相应并发症是提高疗效的关键.     

腹主动脉瘤合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞的诊治

目的探讨腹主动脉瘤(AAA)合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞的治疗措施。方法回顾性分析我院1991年1月至2010年1月21例AAA合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞患者的临床资料。结果 AAA合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞的发病率随年龄增长,男性多发。1例截肢,5例保守治疗,15例患者接受开放手术或支架治疗,其中7例分别行同期或分期下肢血流重建;3例(14%)死亡,原因均为下肢缺血处理不当,造成下肢坏死、多器官功能衰竭(MOSF)。结论 AAA合并下肢动脉硬化闭塞死亡率高,应引起对该疾病诊断和治疗的重视。     

肝移植及术后并发症的处理(附18例报告)

目的探讨采用肝移植技术治疗肝脏终末期病变的方法及术后并发症的处理。方法对采用背驮式肝移植和经典的原位肝移植技术治疗18例肝脏终未期患者进行回顾性分析。结果本组无手术中死亡。18例患者(9例为终末期肝硬化,9例为肝细胞癌)术后出现19例次并发症(包括切口血肿、胸腔积液、脓液、肺炎、胆汁漏、严重胆管炎、急性排斥反应,感染性休克,多器官功能不良综合征等)。5例于术后1个月内死亡,死亡原因为肺部感染合并呼吸衰竭,急性肾功能衰竭,急性心功能衰竭,肝功能衰竭及感染性休克。术后随访3月～3年,9例仍然存活,后期死亡4例,其中2例死于肺炎并呼吸衰竭,另2例死于脑转移和肝癌复发。结论肝移植是治疗末期肝病的有效手段。为了肝移植能取得良好的疗效,合理选择肝移植的手术适应证,正确的围手术期及手术后合并症的处理是非常重要的。     

复合技术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并急性血栓形成的单中心结果分析

目的 初步分析复合技术对下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并急性血栓形成患者的治疗效果。方法 回顾性分析2017年1月至2021年6月在贵州省人民医院采用外科手术联合腔内治疗的29例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并急性血栓形成患者的围术期资料和随访结果。结果 技术成功率为96.6%,围术期死亡2例,死亡率6.9%,术后截肢率6.9%,无出血事件及感染。患者随访1～4年,5例患者出现再狭窄,3例行再次干预,无疾病或手术相关死亡病例。结论 复合技术治疗下肢动脉硬化闭塞症合并急性血栓形成安全且有效,在临床上可作为治疗方案的选择。     

经皮肾镜碎石术并发脓毒血症的风险与防治

经皮肾镜碎石术（percutaneous nephrolithotomy．PCNL）围术期可出现多种相关并发症．脓毒血症是其中最严重之一．一旦发生感染性休克常致多器官功能衰竭，围术期死亡率高。本文以PCNL中并发严重脓毒血症及感染性休克致多器官功能衰竭为例，旨在分析该类手术并发脓毒血症的风险因素．探讨其防治措施。     

杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中的应用体会

目的：探讨杂交手术在下肢动脉硬化闭塞症中应用的临床价值。方法回顾性分析7例下肢动脉硬化闭塞症采用杂交手术治疗的临床资料。结果7例患者均获治疗成功,术后切口处皮下血肿2例,无围术期死亡病例,无远端栓塞及急性血栓形成病例的发生,随访2-12个月,出现再狭窄病例1例,经再次血管腔内治疗后好转。结论杂交手术是治疗多节段复杂下肢动脉硬化闭塞症的一种安全、有效、微创的方法,疗效确切值得临床应用。     

多器官衰竭对脾切除术围手术期的影响

总结320例脾切除术的资料,围手术期内死亡20例均与发生多器官衰竭有关。肝肾综合征是肝硬化切脾术后多器官衰竭的主要类型,多因肝功能状况恶劣所致;外伤性脾破裂切脾术后发生多器官衰竭与外伤后失血性休克、多脏器损伤有关。对切脾术后围手术期内多器官衰竭的预防,应着重于强调和保证在良好的肝功能状况下进行手术;积极地纠正外伤性休克,有效地治疗多发伤。     

胸腰椎骨折椎弓根内固定断裂与植骨融合方式的相关性分析

[目的]探讨胸腰椎骨折椎弓根螺钉内固定系统内固定术后,椎弓根螺钉断裂与植骨融合方式之间的关系,以探讨胸腰椎骨折植骨融合的最佳方式。[方法]回顾性研究1995年5月~2005年12月本院脊柱外科收治的胸腰椎骨折病人197例,其中A组单纯内固定(不植骨)患者14例,B组“H”形椎板植骨21例,C组横突间植骨67例,D组椎间、椎内联合横突间植骨95例。[结果]术后随访6~32个月,内固定断裂12例,其中A组4例,B组3例,C组5例,D组0例,4组中D组内固定断裂率显著低于其他3组(P<0.05)。[结论]椎间、椎体内联合横突间植骨重建脊柱三柱的稳定性,符合人体生物力学原理,能有效降低内固定断裂的发生。     

On the measurement of the functional properties of the CFTR

A number of methods are currently employed to assess the functional properties of CFTR channels and their response to pharmacological potentiators, correction of the defective CFTR trafficking, and vectorial introduction of new proteins. Here we review the most common methods used to assess CFTR channel function. The suitability of each technique to various experimental conditions is discussed.     

Preservation of the pylorus and resection of the head of the pancreas

The historical evolution of the pylorus-preservation resection of the head of the pancreas is traced from the first resections early in this century to relative standardization of the operation, to a lowering of the operative mortality, and to an interest in improving nutritional status after resection. There are many theoretical advantages for the function of the upper gastrointestinal tract after pylorus and gastric preservation, such as maintenance of gastric capacitance and equilibration of osmotic pressure in gastric digestants, foodstuff digestion and absorption, and bowel motility. After the pylorus-preserving resection, gastric emptying is normal, pyloric function to prevent duodenal reflux is often normal, and gastric acids and serum levels of duodenal hormones are at normal levels, whereas after standard pancreatoduodenectomy, all of these are often abnormal. No prospective blinded studies have been published comparing nutritional values after the two operative procedures, but evidence is presented of a satisfactory result with regard to gastric capacitance, body weight gain, and lack of postgastrectomy symptoms. An undoubted advantage of the pylorus-preserving feature is a simplification of the operation. These gains are achieved without increase in operative mortality, without increase in the incidence of jejunal ulcer, and without theoretical or actual decrease in value of the procedure as a cancer operation, except in patients with duodenal carcinoma proximal to the ampulla of Vater.     

下颌全牙弓后移量及最后界的测量

目的：研究下颌牙弓的有效后移量及找寻下颌牙弓移动的后界。方法：选取涉及拔除下颌第三磨牙或下颌第三磨牙缺失的病例18例（男6例,女12例）。采用种植支抗牵引下牙弓向远中,治疗完成时所有病例均明确到达下颌牙弓后界,即下颌第二磨牙远中到达下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。应用治疗前后的曲断片测量下颌第二磨牙远中到升支前缘的距离。结果：下颌第二磨牙后移量为（3.49±1.21）mm;治疗后磨牙后间隙的长度为（4.43±0.97）mm。结论：下颌牙弓可确定性地实现整体后移;最大后移量由磨牙后间隙的长度决定;其最后界止于下颌第二磨牙远中与下颌升支前缘软组织交界处。     

The Measurement of the Inclination Angle of the Hamate and Analysis of the Inclination Angle for the Rotation Deformity of the Little Finger in the Fixation of the Carpometacarpal Joint

ObjectiveComplex base fractures of the fifth metacarpal bone and dislocation of the fifth carpometacarpal joint are more prone to internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence after fixation with a transarticular plate. In the past, we have neglected that there is actually a certain angle of external rotation in the hamate surface of transarticular fixation. This study measured the inclination angle of the hamate surface relative to the fifth metacarpal surface for clinical reference.MethodsIn a prospective single‐center study, we investigated the tilt angle of 60 normal hamates. The study included thin‐layer computed tomography (CT) data from 60 patients from the orthopaedic clinic and inpatient unit from January 2017 to March 2020, including 34 men and 26 women who were 15~59 years old, average 35 years old. The CT data of 60 cases in Dicom format of the hand was input into Mimics and 3‐Matics software for three‐dimensional (3D) reconstruction and measuring the angle α between hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface. According to the possible placement of the transarticular plate on the fifth metacarpal surface, we measured the angle β between the hamate surface 1 and the fifth metacarpal surface and the angle γ between the hamate surface 2 and the fifth metacarpal surface.ResultsThe average angle between the hamate surface and the fifth metacarpal surface was 11.66°. The hamate surfaces 1 and 2 have an external rotation angle of 7.30° and 7.51° on average with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface, respectively. There is no statistically significant difference in the angles between the two groups (P > 0.05).ConclusionsThe horizontal angle of the dorsal side of the hamate is different from the back of the fifth metacarpal surface, and the hamate has a certain external rotation angle with respect to the fifth metacarpal surface. No matter how the transarticular plate is placed, the plate always has a certain external rotation angle relative to the fifth metacarpal surface. When the fixation is across the fifth carpometacarpal joint, if the plate does not twist and shape, it will inevitably cause internal rotation of the fifth metacarpal, resulting in internal rotation deformity of the little finger sequence.     

静脉输注甘露醇开放血脑屏障对抗生素透过血脑屏障的影响

目的　通过快速静脉输注甘露醇可逆性开放血脑屏障 (BBB) ,探知此方法能否增加抗生素透过BBB的量 ,在何时达到最高峰 ,其通透量增加后临床上有无不良反应。方法　采用自身配伍设计 ,共 6个样本组。对照组仅使用抗生素 ;其余 5组分别在使用甘露醇前 60、3 0min ,同时使用甘露醇后 3 0、60min使用抗生素 ,各组皆取使用抗生素后 1h的脑脊液测其抗生素浓度。抗生素选用头孢三嗪。结果　测量值经过q检验 ,经 2 0 %甘露醇处理前后的CSF中的头孢三嗪浓度差异有非常显著性。全组患者经临床观察未出现神经系统的不良反应。结论　经静脉快速输注2 0 %甘露醇后可以使透过BBB的水溶性抗生素的量增加 ,两者使用的顺序是在抗生素使用 3 0min内即给予甘露醇快速滴注。该方法不会增加低神经毒性抗生素在中枢神经系统的不良反应。     

Preservation of the pylorus in resection of the head of the pancreas

Whipple's pancreatoduodenectomy was the standard operation for diseases of the head of the pancreas for more than 40 years, but the results were vitiated in part by poor gastrointestinal function and malnutrition. Reintroduced in 1978, pylorus-preserving proximal pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPP) has had an increasing impact on pancreatic surgery as its benefits have been recognized: improved nutritional status, decreased incidence of postgastrectomy syndromes, and a technically easier operation. Postoperative mortality rates and 5-year survival rates are comparable with those of the classic Whipple procedure. PPPP is indicated for most patients with chronic pancreatitis of the pancreatic head. It is also appropriate for patients with periampullary cancer and for those with pancreatic cancer arising from the lower part of ‘the head and the uncinate process. More than 650 patients have now undergone PPPP: 31% for chronic pancreatitis and 66% for periampullary and pancreatic cancers. We assess the indications for PPPP, outline the operation, and review the results.