低位直肠癌的局部切除结果及预后因素分析

目的 总结低位直肠癌局部切除的结果,分析影响预后的因素,探讨提高低位直肠癌局部切除疗效的方法.方法 回顾性分析1985年2月至2007年10月收治的76例低位直肠癌局部切除患者的临床病理资料.结果 76例患者中采用经肛切除69例,经骶切除6例,经阴道切除1例.肿瘤分期其中T1期48例,T2期25例,T3期3例.手术并发症发生率为7.9%,无手术死亡.局部复发率为22.4%,5年总体生存率84.5%.单因素分析提示肿瘤复发与肿瘤的T分期、切缘阳性显著相关,多因素分析显示T分期和切缘距离是与局部复发相关的独立影响因素.生存分析显示黏液腺癌、切缘阳性、血管淋巴管浸润显著影响术后的长期生存,而切缘阳性和血管淋巴管浸润是影响术后长期生存的独立预后因素.结论 局部切除安全性高,合理选择病例是低位直肠癌治愈性局部切除成功的关键.低位直肠癌局部切除的适应证为无高危因素(分化差、血管淋巴管侵犯、黏液腺癌)的T1-2,NO期患者;12期术后应行放化疗.     

联合脏器切除治疗局部进展期结肠癌

目的探讨对局部进展期结肠癌患者行联合脏器切除的疗效及影响预后的因素。方法回顾性分析1988～1998年对47例结肠癌患者进行联合脏器切除治疗的临床资料,对其肿瘤复发模式及患者生存率进行统计分析。结果本组患者有7例(14.9%)术后出现并发症,无死亡病例。病理证实周围组织器官有肿瘤侵犯30例(63.8%);局部复发8例(17.0%),远处转移16例(34.0%);5年生存率为40.4%。多因素分析,肿瘤UICC分期及淋巴结转移是影响预后的重要因素(P<0.05)。结论对于局部进展期结肠癌累及周围组织脏器的患者,应力争联合脏器切除治疗。     

前列腺癌根治术后切缘阳性相关危险因素及处理方案的研究进展

切缘阳性是前列腺癌根治术后的常见问题,长期以来术后切缘阳性率是判断手术质量及患者预后、制定术后辅助治疗方案的重要指标之一.切缘阳性是预后不良的重要预测因素.切缘阳性意味着前列腺癌组织很可能未被完整切除,患者出现生化复发乃至临床进展的可能性大大增加.影响切缘阳性的相关危险因素有很多,包括肿瘤体积大小、肿瘤分期、病理分级、...     

972例结肠癌患者预后多因素分析

目的 通过对972例结肠癌患者临床病理等因素的分析,探讨影响结肠癌患者术后生存的因素.方法 对972例结肠癌患者的临床资料进行单因素及多因素COX回归分析,生存率采用寿命表法计算,生存率的比较采用Log.rank检验法.结果 单因素分析表明,年龄、围手术期输血、术前血清cEA(癌胚抗原,carcinoembryonie aIltigen)水平、肿瘤大体类型、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、肝转移、其他脏器转移、肿瘤局部复发、腹膜种植、病理类型、TNM分期及淋巴结廓清术式均为影响预后的因素.多因素回归分析表明,年龄、术前血清CEA水平、肿瘤大体类型、淋巴结转移、肝转移、其他脏器转移、肿瘤局部复发、腹膜种植、病理类型、淋巴结廓清术式以及TNM分期是影响患者术后生存的独立因素.结论 淋巴结转移是影响结肠癌患者预后最重要的因素.     

新辅助化疗方案在可切除结肠癌中的应用进展

新辅助化疗（NACT）是指针对潜在可根治切除的肿瘤患者,以消除微转移、降低肿瘤分期和手术难度、改善术后局部复发和远处转移等为目的,在肿瘤手术切除或放疗之前,先予以全身化疗,待手术或放疗之后继续完成全程化疗的综合方案。结肠癌是最常见的癌症之一,肿瘤根治性切除联合术后辅助化疗是临床潜在可根治切除结肠癌的主要治疗方式。虽然这种治疗模式较前显著改善了患者的预后,但术后局部复发和远处转移仍是患者最主要的致死因素。近年来NACT方案开始被引入局部进展期结肠癌和原发灶可切除的肝转移患者等潜在可根治切除结肠癌患者的治疗。然而,结肠癌患者是否适合NACT及其方案的选择还存在较大的争议。笔者就局部进展期结肠癌、可切除结肠癌肝转移等在NACT中的进展与争议,以及影像学检查对NACT的作用作一综述。     

结肠癌根治术后早期复发转移的相关因素分析及治疗

目的：探讨结肠癌术后复发转移的相关因素及治疗。方法：回顾分析1998年1月—2005年12月收治的54例行结肠癌根治术后复发转移患者的临床病理资料。结果：单因素分析显示,年龄、性别、肿瘤大体分型、肿瘤部位、浸润深度、淋巴转移、Dukes分期、手术及术后是否化疗与早期复发转移相关（P〈0.05）;多因素分析发现,年龄、Dukes分期、分化程度、肿瘤组织类型、淋巴结转移、术后化疗是影响结肠癌根治术后早期复发转移的重要因素（P〈0.05）。结论：年龄、组织学类型、分化程度、肿瘤分期、淋巴结转移及术后化疗是影响结肠癌术后早期复发的重要危险因素;对于复发转移的结肠癌患者,再次手术联合术后化疗能获得良好效果。     

胃癌术后复发的临床分析

目的 研究胃癌术后复发的临床特点,总结处理经验.方法 回顾性分析2002年1月至2008年12月收治的78例胃癌术后复发病例的临床资料.结果 本组78例胃癌术后复发患者的中位复发时间为术后16.8个月.多因素分析显示首次手术的根治程度、切缘情况、肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期直接影响肿瘤的复发时间(P＜0.05).术后复发转移部位与首次胃癌手术方式无明显关系(P＞0.05).再手术36例,其中因单一肝转移行肝叶或肝段切除3例,因局部复发再手术33例.结论 首次手术的根治程度、切缘情况、肿瘤分化程度、TNM分期是胃癌术后复发的主要因素.应根据具体情况采取包括手术在内的综合治疗积极措施,以改善患者的生活质量及预后.     

中下段胆管癌切除后切缘阳性的意义及预后因素分析

目的 分析中下段胆管癌切除术后切缘阳性的意义,研究影响中下段胆管癌切除术后的预后因素.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2006年12月收治的79例中下段且日管癌切除患者的临床病理资料.其中男性53例、女性26例,年龄30～79岁,平均61岁.中段胆管癌34例,下段胆管癌45例.行胰十二指肠切除术46例,行根治性胆总管癌切除术25例,行根治性胆总管癌切除联合肝部分切除术6例,行根治性胆总管癌切除联合门静脉部分切除术2例.5例于术后1个月内死亡,对其余74例患者的15项临床病理特征进行单因素及多因素分析.结果 74例患者总的5年生存率为30.7%,中位生存期为36个月.术后病理榆查为镜下切缘阳性(R1切除)16例(20.3%),其中肝脏端胍管切缘阳性6例,远端胆管切缘阳性3例,双侧胆管切缘阳性2例,环周切缘阳性5例.接受R0和Rl切除的患者的5年生存率分别为34.4%和15.5%.10例(17.2%)R0切除的胆管癌出现局部复发,10例(62.5%)R1切除出现复发,差异有统计学意义(X2=13.024,P<0.01).单因素分析显示术前血红蛋白水平、分化程度、肿瘤浸润深度、淋巴结转移、TNM分期及手术切缘为影响预后的因素.多因素分析显示淋巴结转移状况和切缘癌残留是影响预后的独立因素.结论 中下段胆管癌根治术中冰冻病理检查切缘达R0切除是提高长期生存的重要策略,辅助治疗的效果尚待进一步研究.     

直肠癌全直肠系膜切除术

目的 比较全直肠系膜切除（ TME）和传统手术方法对直肠癌术后局部复发及长期生存率的影响。 方法 将 1993年 9月起采用 TME术的直肠癌患者 168例与 1981～ 1992年行传统切除方法的 126例患者进行比较,分析两组的临床病理参数。结果 手术后并发症发生率无差异, TME组 2年复发率为 4. 6％, 明显低于对照组的 20. 6％ (P=0.001)。 2年及 3年生存率 TME组分别为 87.1％和 80.3％,对照组分别为 76.1％ 和 68.7％, TME组生存率高于对照组 (P=0.013)。 TME技术、肿瘤的 Dukes分期、患者的年龄、肿瘤距肛门的距离等因素中,只有 TME是独立的影响生存率的指标, TME、肿瘤的 Dukes分期是独立的影响局部复发的指标。结论 对于距离肛门 12 cm范围内的直肠癌,采用 TME技术能有效地降低局部复发率及提高患者生存率。     

直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发的再手术治疗

目的 探讨对直肠癌根治性切除术后局部复发(LRRC)患者采用再手术治疗的效果和影响患者预后的因素.方法 回顾性分析1998年11月至2005年4月北京大学临床肿瘤学院收治的43例LRRC患者采用再手术治疗的临床资料,统计患者术后5年生存率、手术并发症发生率、围手术期死亡率,并用Kaplan-Meier法计算术后生存率,采用单因素分析和Cox回归模型对预后因素进行分析.结果 43例患者中35例行根治性切除,8例行姑息性切除或单纯造口术.手术并发症发生率为26%(11/43),围手术期死亡率为2%(1/43),术后5年生存率为9%(4/43).单因素分析显示,再手术方式选用根治性切除、原发肿瘤为TNM Ⅱ期、复发时间<24个月、CEA水平在正常范围的患者能获得较好的预后(χ~2=21.30,14.17,5.93,5.53,P<0.05).多因素分析中仅显示再次手术方式和原发肿瘤TNM分期是影响LRRC患者预后的独立因素(χ~2=8.89,6.96,P<0.05).结论 对于TNM分期较早的LRRC患者行根治性切除,其预后较好.     

Prognostic factors for survival after salvage surgery for locoregional recurrence of colon cancer

Background

Although locoregional recurrence after rectal cancer resection has been extensively investigated, studies of salvage surgery for locoregionally recurrent colon cancer are scarce. This study aimed to determine the predictors of postsalvage survival for locoregionally recurrent colon cancer.

Methods

We studied 45 consecutive patients who underwent macroscopically complete resection of locoregionally recurrent colon cancer between April 1988 and December 2007. The primary end point was cancer-specific survival, and 20 clinical variables were analyzed for their prognostic significance.

Results

Cancer-specific 5-year survival for the entire cohort of 45 patients was 46%. Multivariate survival analysis showed that margin status (P = .0311), number of locoregional recurrent tumors (P = .0002), pathological grade (P = .0416), largest tumor diameter (P = .0247), and distant metastasis (P = .0006) were independently associated with cancer-specific survival.

Conclusions

Salvage surgery for locoregional recurrence of colon cancer can provide a chance for long-term survival in selected patients.     

Curative intent resection for loco-regionally recurrent colon cancer: Cleveland clinic experience

BackgroundLocoregional colon cancer recurrence occurs in around 10% of patients following initial curative intent primary resection. We hypothesized oncological results can vary based on the recurrence site. Our aim was to determine outcomes for patients undergoing resection with curative intent for locally recurrent colon cancer.MethodsPatients with locoregional recurrence after curative intent resection for colon cancer were identified (1999–2017). Demographics, operative details and outcome data were recorded. Kaplan-Meier method was used to compare survival differences.ResultsFifty-two patients (mean age, 62) were included. The most common recurrence site was primary anastomosis (48%). R0 resection was obtained in 68%. Major morbidity occurred in 37%. Patients with anastomotic recurrence had a statistically significant overall survival compared to other sites (71.6 vs. 40.8 months respectively with a P value of 0.05).ConclusionsExcellent outcomes are possible for curative intent recurrent colon cancer surgery. The site of loco-regional recurrence plays a significant role in outcomes.Table of Contents Summary: Colon cancer recurrence can be treated surgically with optimal outcomes. Anastomotic recurrence is associated with improved survival.     

Intra-abdominal desmoid tumor mimicking locoregional recurrence after colectomy in a patient with sporadic colon cancer: report of a case

Desmoid tumors are rare, benign fibromatous lesions that result from the abnormal proliferation of myofibroblasts. A 61-year-old man underwent laparoscopyassisted right hemicolectomy for ascending colon cancer. The final TNM stage was stage IIIB (T3N1M0). Follow-up computed tomography (CT), done 12 months after primary surgery, showed a nodular, enhancing soft-tissue density mass, 12 mm in size, in the mesentery, near the anastomosis. Another CT scan, done 4 months later, revealed that the tumor had enlarged to 27 mm in size. We suspected locoregional recurrence of colon cancer and resected the tumor, together with the distal ileum and colon, including the previous anastomotic site. The tumor was histologically diagnosed as a desmoid tumor. The patient remains well 24 months after his last operation. Differentiating between the desmoid tumor and locoregional recurrent tumor was difficult, and surgical resection was the optimal treatment.     

Therapeutic Management and Outcome of Locoregional Recurrence After Curative Colorectal Cancer Therapy—a Single-Center Analysis

Locoregional tumor recurrence after curative therapy for colorectal cancer is therapeutically challenging and associated with poor prognosis. Goal of this single-center study was to analyze patients with locoregional recurrence with regard to therapeutic strategies and outcome for colon and rectal cancer each. Charts of all patients surgically treated for colorectal cancer in the period from 2000 to 2011 (n?=?1296) were examined; patients with locoregional recurrence (n?=?86) were then further analyzed. Fifty-three (10.2 %) patients with rectal and 33 (5.6 %) patients with colon cancer developed a locoregional recurrence, median 24.5 months after first diagnosis. Recurrence-specific therapy was applied in the majority of the patients (84.8 % colon, 90.7 % rectum); a surgical approach was undertaken in 82.1 % (colon) and in 56.3 % (rectum). Five-year overall survival after locoregional recurrence was 13 % for rectal cancer and 9 % for colon cancer. Itemized analysis for the approached therapeutic regimens revealed that radical recurrence resection (R0) significantly prolongs overall survival (p?=?0.003) in rectal cancer, as does a surgical approach itself, as compared to conservative treatment modalities. If feasible, oncologic radical resection of the relapse (R0) significantly influences patient outcome and overall survival in rectal cancer.     

Anastomotic Recurrence of Colon Cancer—is it a Local Recurrence,a Second Primary,or a Metastatic Disease (Local Manifestation of Systemic Disease)?

The aim of this study is to review the literature to find out the exact etiology of anastomotic cancers of colon post resection and differentiate them between a recurrence, second primary, and metastatic disease (local manifestation of systemic disease). Web-based literature search was done, and datas collected. We searched PubMed for papers using the keywords colon cancer recurrence, anastomotic recurrence, and recurrent colon carcinoma. We also searched for systematic review in the same topic. In addition, we used our personal referrence archive. Anastomotic recurrences of colon are postulated to arise due to inadequate margins, tumor implantation by exfoliated cells, altered biological properties of bowel anastomosis, and missed synchronous lesions. Some tumors are unique with repeated recurrence after repeated resection. Duration after primary surgery plays a major role in differentiating recurrent and second primary lesions. Repeated recurrences after repeated resections have to be considered a manifestation of systemic disease or metastatic disease due to the virulence of the disease. A detailed analysis and study of patients with colonic anastomotic lesion are required to differentiate it between a recurrent, a second primary lesion, and a metastatic disease (local manifestation of a systemic disease). The nomenclature is significant to study the survival of these patients, as a second primary lesion will have different survival compared to that of recurrent lesions.     

Locoregional recurrence and survival after curative resection of adenocarcinoma of the colon

BACKGROUND: There is wide variability in reported locoregional recurrence rates after curative resection of adenocarcinoma of the intraperitoneal colon, and there is no universally accepted surgical technique regarding length of the resected specimen or extent of lymphadenectomy. The aim of this study was to determine the disease-free survival, locoregional failure, and perioperative morbidity of patients undergoing curative resection of colon adenocarcinoma. STUDY DESIGN: The records of 316 consecutive patients undergoing curative resection for primary adenocarcinoma of the intraperitoneal colon between 1990 and 1995 were reviewed. Locoregional recurrence was defined as disease at the anastomosis or in the adjacent mesentery, peritoneum, retroperitoneum, or carcinomatosis. The product-limit method (Kaplan-Meier) was used to analyze survival and tumor recurrence. RESULTS: The study population comprised 167 men and 149 women, mean age 70+/-12 years (range 22 to 95 years). Median followup was 63+/-25 months. Five-year disease-free survival was 84% overall. Disease-free survival paralleled tumor stage: stage I, 99% (n = 73); stage II, 87% (n = 151); stage III, 72% (n = 92). The predominant pattern of tumor recurrence was distant failure only. Overall locoregional recurrence (locoregional and locoregional plus distant) at 5 years was 4%. Locoregional recurrence paralleled tumor stage: stage I, 0%; stage II, 2%; stage III, 10%. Of the 12 patients who suffered locoregional recurrence, 9 (75%) had T4 primary tumors, N2 nodal disease, or both. Major and minor complications occurred in 93 patients (29%) including: anastomotic leak or intraabdominal abscess (n = 4, 1%); hemorrhage (n = 8, 3%); cardiac complications (n= 17, 5%); pulmonary embolism (n=4, 10%); death (n=2, 1%). Multivariate analysis (Cox proportional hazards) revealed that the only independent predictor of disease-free survival and locoregional control was tumor stage. CONCLUSION: Longterm survival and locoregional control can be achieved for patients with colon cancer, with low morbidity. In the absence of adjacent organ invasion and N2 nodal disease, locoregional recurrence should be a rare event. Just as for rectal cancer, the technical aspects of colectomy for colon cancer deserve renewed attention.     

Loco-regional Recurrence from Colon Cancer: A Population-based Study

Background The survival after colon cancer surgery has not improved to the same extent as after rectal cancer treatment and studies on loco-regional recurrence after colon cancer surgery are scarce. The aim of this study was to assess the problem of loco-regional recurrence after potentially curative resections for colon cancer, regarding incidence, risk factors, management, and outcome. Methods All 1,856 patients submitted to potentially curative surgery for colon cancer in the Stockholm/Gotland region in Sweden between 1996 and 2000 were followed until January 2005 or until death. Follow-up data were prospectively collected. Risk factors for loco-regional recurrences were analyzed, treatment and outcome for patients with recurrence was studied. Results The cumulative 5-year incidence of loco-regional recurrence was 11.5%. Tumor locations in the right flexure and in the sigmoid colon, bowel perforation and emergent surgery were identified as independent risk factors for loco-regional recurrence. The risk also increased with increasing T- and N-stage. The median survival for all 192 patients with loco-regional recurrence was 9 months. Surgery was performed in 110 (57%) patients. In 23 (12%) patients a complete tumor clearance was achieved and the estimated 5-year survival in this group was 43%. Conclusion Loco-regional recurrence from colon cancer is a significant clinical problem. A multidisciplinary treatment approach, including preoperative staging, a complete resection of the recurrence and more effective adjuvant treatments may improve the outcome.     

复发大肠癌230例的临床特征及再次根治性手术的价值

目的探讨大肠癌复发的临床特征、原因以及再次根治性手术的价值。方法回顾性分析230例复发大肠癌患者的临床病理资料、复发特征及再次根治性手术后生存情况。结果直肠癌在术后30个月内复发率迅速上升,中位复发时间是18．6个月;结肠癌在术后20－40个月复发率上升较快,中位复发时间是23．4个月;结肠癌早期复发时间较直肠癌晚,复合复发时间晚于单部位复发时间（P〈0．05）。结肠癌首次复发后再次根治性切除率高于直肠癌（P〈0．05）。单因素分析显示原发肿瘤位置、浸润的深度、淋巴结转移数目、肿瘤的病理类型、术中化疗与否、血管是否有癌栓和早期复发有关（P〈0．05）,但多因素分析显示只有肿瘤浸润深度是独立影响因素。复发病例再次根治性手术者5年生存率明显高于无法根治性手术者。结论大肠癌早期复发高峰在术后40个月内,肿瘤浸润深度是独立影响因素。而原发肿瘤位置、淋巴结转移数目、肿瘤的病理类型、术中化疗与否、血管是否有癌栓是影响早期复发的重要因素。复发病例再次根治性手术可以改善其预后。     

结肠癌与直肠癌根治术后复发的比较研究

目的 探讨肿瘤根治术后复发的结肠癌与直肠癌患者生物学行为及预后差异.方法 回顾性分析132例结直肠癌（结肠癌36例,直肠癌96例）根治术后复发患者的临床资料,对其中结肠癌与直肠癌患者的临床病理特征及预后进行比较分析.结果本组结肠癌与直肠癌复发者其原发肿瘤在大体类型、组织学类型、分化程度及淋巴结转移方面的差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）.结肠癌组与直肠癌组中位复发时间分别为14.0个月和21.5个月（P=0.028）;并分别有16例（44.4%）和65例（67.7%）多部位复发（P=0.014）;两组复发后3年生存率分别为15.6%和24.8%（P=0.026）;上述差异均有统计学意义.结论 结肠癌与直肠癌在肿瘤生物学行为上存在着一定差异,直肠癌复发患者预后优于结肠癌复发者.     

Solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence after curative resection of colon cancer

We report two cases of solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence after colon cancer resection. Both cases had para-aortic lymph node metastasis at the time of initial surgery and received adjuvant chemotherapy for 4 years in case 1 and 18 mo in case 2. The time to recurrence was more than 8 years in both cases. After resection of the recurrent tumor, the patient is doing well with no recurrence for 6 years in case 1 and 4 mo in case 2. Patients should be followed up after colon cancer surgery considering the possibility of solitary mediastinal lymph node recurrence if they had para-aortic node metastasis at the time of initial surgery.