胰蛋白酶消化法体外培养和鉴定人脐静脉血管内皮细胞*☆

背景：体外建立稳定可靠的人脐静脉血管内皮细胞模型,目前培养方法缺乏统一的标准。 目的：探索脐静脉内皮细胞的体外培养的方法。 方法：采用2.5 g/L胰蛋白酶和0.02%EDTA消化、分离、体外原代培养及消化传代脐静脉内皮细胞,简化完全培养液组分(不添加血管内皮细胞生长因子、肝素等辅助因子),当原代培养细胞80%以上汇合,根据细胞特有的形态学特征和Ⅷ因子进行内皮细胞的鉴定。 结果与结论：种植在培养瓶中的内皮细胞2 h贴壁生长,24 h换液后内皮细胞80%融合,细胞状态好,内皮细胞呈单层铺路石样外观,经过镜下观察和Ⅷ因子相关抗原鉴定证明是脐静脉内皮细胞。证实用胰蛋白酶灌注脐静脉是一种简单、实用的获得人脐静脉血管内皮细胞的方法,可靠性大,成功率高,可以构建体外研究血管内皮细胞的模型。关键词：人脐静脉;血管内皮细胞;细胞培养;形态学;鉴定 缩略语注释：HUVECs: human umbilical vein endothelial cells,人脐静脉血管内皮细胞 doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-8225.2012.15.008     

人脐静脉内皮细胞分离培养和鉴定

目的建立简便、可靠、高效的体外分离培养人脐静脉内皮细胞(HUVEC)的方法。方法利用2型胶原蛋白酶消化处理脐带分离HUVEC,采用内皮细胞培养基(ECM)进行培养。相差倒置显微镜观察细胞形态,免疫荧光技术检测冯·维勒布兰德因子(v WF)的表达,流式细胞术检测细胞表面CD31的水平鉴定细胞的纯度,体外成管实验检测冻存后内皮细胞的功能。结果成功分离培养出纯度高、活性好的HUVEC。原代HUVEC分离1周即可汇合成单层,细胞呈典型的鹅卵石状排列,免疫荧光技术证明细胞广泛表达v WF、CD31阳性细胞频数达93.1%。冻存后的细胞依然能形成管腔结构,证明标准化的冻存方法能很好地维持细胞的功能。结论建立了简便、可靠、高效的体外分离培养HUVEC的方法。     

人脂肪间充质干细胞的分离培养与生物学特性

背景：脂肪来源间充质干细胞取材于吸脂手术所获得的脂肪抽吸物,可反复取材,原料来源充足。 目的：建立一种体外分离培养人脂肪来源间充质干细胞的方法,并分析其生物学特性。 方法：采用胶原酶消化法分离获取人脂肪来源间充质干细胞并进行体外培养,倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态;观察分析传代第3,7,10 代细胞生长曲线;采用流式细胞仪检测传代第5 代细胞表面标志表达。取传代第4代细胞行体外成骨细胞诱导和成脂诱导,采用碱性磷酸酶染色及油红O染色鉴定。冻存传代细胞,分别于 2,6 个月后复苏,锥虫蓝染色计数复苏后细胞存活率。 结果与结论：原代细胞3 d 贴壁,6 d 后开始快速增长并形成集落,11 d左右达80%~90%融合,多呈纤维样;传代后细胞维持纤维样形态。传代细胞潜伏期24~48 h,对数增殖期三四天,对数增殖期后第五六天进入平台期。间充质干细胞表面CD34、CD14、HLA-DR 呈阴性表达,CD44、CD105、CD13呈阳性表达,HLA-ABC呈弱阳性表达。具有向脂肪细胞、成骨细胞分化的能力,冻存复苏后细胞存活率达 90% 以上,且与未冻存传代细胞具有相同的生长特性。     

原代人脐静脉内皮细胞分离和培养方法的改进

目的建立一套高效、方便、可靠的脐静脉内皮细胞的体外分离和培养方法。方法取剖腹产新生婴儿脐带,加入Ⅰ型胶原酶消化分离人脐静脉内皮细胞,内皮专用培养基EGM-2培养传代。应用相差显微镜观察细胞形态。DiL-Ac-LDL染色证实细胞具有内皮功能。免疫荧光染色证明新分离细胞表达FⅧ相关抗原。流式细胞仪检测细胞表面表达CD31。结果原代培养细胞培养10～15d左右长成单层,细胞呈多角形,铺路石样排列。DiL-Ac-LDL染色阳性,证实细胞具内皮吞噬功能。免疫荧光检测证明细胞特异性表达FⅧ相关抗原。流式细胞仪检测证明细胞表面高表达CD31。结论通过酶灌注法消化脐静脉血管获得细胞,操作简便、高效,EGM-2培养基可保证内皮细胞具有较高纯度,细胞形态学观察和细胞生物学鉴定证明获得人脐静脉血管内皮细胞。     

人脐静脉来源的间质干细胞体外分离扩增及多向分化的研究

目的： 探讨人脐静脉来源的间质干细胞(MSCs) 的体外分离、纯化、扩增和多向分化条件。 方法： 无菌条件下取正常人脐静脉,1%胶原酶Ⅱ消化脐静脉细胞，以IMDM作为培养基进行培养和纯化细胞，瑞氏染色和电镜观察形态；FACS检测其免疫表型和细胞周期；体外诱导成骨细胞、脂肪细胞分化，von Kossa染色、油红O染色和RT-PCR检测骨钙蛋白、脂蛋白脂酶mRNA的表达以检测细胞向成骨、成脂肪细胞分化情况。 结果： 脐静脉来源的细胞呈纤维样贴壁生长，瑞氏染色和电镜观察具有MSCs特征；FACS检测结果显示, 表达MSCs相关的抗原CD29、CD44、CD105，而CD31、CD13、CD34、CD45、HLA-DR为阴性；体外诱导成骨细胞、脂肪细胞分化成功。 结论： 人脐静脉来源的MSCs的细胞形态、生长特性、免疫表型、多向分化能力与骨髓来源的MSCs相似，可作为满足实验和临床需要的MSCs来源。     

人脐带间充质干细胞的快速分离、纯化及冻存

目的:建立在一般实验条件下快速分离、纯化及冻存人脐带间充质干细胞(UC-MSCs)的简便有效方法并研究其冻存复苏后的增殖及多向分化能力。方法:用胶原酶Ⅱ、胰蛋白酶次序消化及二步离心法从人的完整脐带中快速分离UC-MSCs,通过把握传代时的消化程度及酸化培养基来快速纯化UC-MSCs,以流式细胞仪检测表面抗原进行鉴定;用简易二步法(-4℃停留30 min,-20℃存放2 h,-80℃长期保存)冻存UC-MSCs,半年后复苏,扩增、传代,检测其胚胎干细胞特异性抗原Oct4、SSEA-4和人端粒酶逆转录酶hTERT的表达情况,并诱导其向神经元样细胞、成肌细胞和肝细胞样细胞分化。结果:通过双酶次序消化结合二步离心法,2 h可提取全脐带中的MSCs,原代培养7 d即可传代,通过适度消化传代和选用弱酸性培养基培养,第3代即可得到纯化的UC-MSCs,UC-MSCs表达CD29和CD44,不表达CD34和CD45,极低表达HLA-DR、CD80、CD86和CD106。简易法冻存半年后复苏的UC-MSCs表达Oct4、SSEA-4和hTERT,可向三个胚层来源的细胞分化。结论:双酶次序消化结合二步离心法是从人的完整脐带中快速分离UC-MSCs的一种简便有效方法,偏酸性环境有利于UC-MSCs的扩增及纯化;简易二步法冻存对UC-MSCs增殖和多向分化能力没有明显影响。     

人胚胎干细胞饲养层的制备及生物学活性

背景：建立一种既可以大量制备,又能保存并保持较高活性的饲养层是胚胎干细胞培养研究不可缺少的环节。 目的：体外分离培养、冻存复苏ICR小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞,观察其生物学特性。 方法：取ICR小鼠13.5 d胚胎,用胰蛋白酶分步消化法分离培养小鼠成纤维细胞,对冻存复苏后的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞形态、生长曲线、贴壁率、细胞化学染色及支持人胚胎干细胞生长特性等进行观察。 结果与结论：复苏后的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞在体外传代30 min时80%以上细胞贴壁,生长曲线显示细胞增殖活跃,细胞化学染色AKP、PAS、POX阴性,能长期支持人胚胎干细胞传代生长。提示此方法所获得的小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞复苏后有较高的生物学活性,可为人胚胎干细胞扩增提供稳定、优质的饲养层细胞。     

冻存对CM-Dil标记脐带间充质干细胞的影响

目的 考察用氯甲基苯甲酰氨（CM-Dil）标记人脐带间充质干细胞（hUCMSCs）的可行性及冻存对CM-Dil标记的hUCMSCs的影响.方法 采用组织块法体外培养hUCMSCs,观察细胞形态及生长情况,通过流式细胞仪检测细胞免疫表型来鉴定该细胞.将第3代hUCMSCs用CM-Dil标记,观察细胞形态及生长情况,用荧光显微镜观察体外标记情况,并将细胞冻存、复苏,观察细胞复苏后的生长情况及荧光标记情况.结果 hUCMSCs形态类似成纤维细胞,呈梭形、多角形.第3代hUCMSCs强表达CD44、CD29、CD90和CD73,不表达CD34和CD45.CM-Dil标记hUCMSCs的细胞标记率达90％以上,染料主要存在于细胞膜;标记后细胞生长状态良好,冻存及复苏后细胞仍有较强荧光表达,且细胞生长状态良好.结论 CM-Dil标记hUCMSCs示踪方法简单易行,冻存对CM-Dil标记的hUCMSCs的生长无明显影响.     

兔颈静脉内皮细胞的原位消化、体外获取及培养

目的 建立兔颈静脉内皮细胞原位消化、体外获取及培养的方法.方法 仅解剖游离单侧兔颈静脉,并保留在原位,对侧颈静脉不进行解剖游离.阻断该静脉段的两端并插管,向该静脉段内灌注Ⅰ型胶原酶进行原位消化.切取该颈静脉段,离体状态下获取兔颈静脉内皮细胞,使用EGM-2培养基培养并传代.倒置显微镜、透射电镜观察获取的兔颈静脉内皮细胞,免疫组化法检测Ⅷ因子.结果 获取的兔颈静脉内皮细胞原代培养7～10d左右可达到80％融合.光镜下细胞为短梭形或多角形,呈“鹅卵石”样排列.透射电镜可见内皮细胞特征性的Weibel-Palade小体.兔Ⅷ因子相关抗原免疫组化检测阳性.获取的兔颈静脉内皮细胞进行冻存、复苏和传代后均可以正常生长.结论 成功建立了兔颈静脉内皮细胞原位消化、体外获取及培养的方法.     

人胎儿肝脏间充质干细胞的体外培养及生物学特性研究

目的建立一种在体外分离、培养人胎儿肝脏来源的间充质干细胞(MSC)的方法,并研究其生物学特性。方法采用双酶消化法分离获取人胎儿肝脏MSC并进行体外培养,待细胞达80%以上融合时传代,各传代细胞依次记为P1～P10代细胞,并于倒置相差显微镜下观察细胞形态。取P3、P7、P10代细胞,连续培养7d,观察分析细胞生长曲线。取P5代细胞,采用流式细胞仪检测MSC表面CD34、CD44、CD105、CD13、HLA-ABC、HLA-DR等抗原标志的表达。取P4代细胞,进行体外成骨细胞诱导培养后,采用碱性磷酸酶染色鉴定。冻存传代细胞,分别于2、6个月后复苏细胞,台盼蓝染色计数复苏后细胞存活率。结果原代细胞3d贴壁,6d后开始快速增长并形成集落,11d左右达80%～90%融合,多呈纤维样;传代培养后细胞维持纤维样形态。传代细胞生长曲线具有共同特征:潜伏期约24～48h,对数增殖期约3～4d,对数增殖期后第5～6天进入平台期。流式细胞仪检测显示,MSC表面CD34、HLA-DR呈阴性表达,CD44、CD105、CD13呈阳性表达,HLA-ABC呈弱阳性表达。碱性磷酸酶染色显示,诱导后细胞的细胞核染成均一的淡蓝色。冻存复苏后细胞存活率达90%以上,且与未冻存传代细胞相比具有相同的生长特性。结论本研究成功地从人胎儿肝脏培养出MSC,为MSC应用于科学研究和临床治疗提供了新的细胞来源。     

An in vitro examination of an extracellular matrix scaffold for use in wound healing

This paper describes evidence that an extracellular matrix (ECM) secreted by human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) assembled on gelatin coated plates overlaid by a mixed matrix secreted by human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) and human dermal fibroblasts provides a viable acellular scaffold for use in wound healing. Trypsinized epidermal keratinocytes or colonies from Dispase-digested fresh and cadaver skin tissue adhered and proliferated on either HUVECs ECM/gelatin or mixed matrix overlaid on HUVECs ECM/gelatin. An epithelial-mesenchymal interaction, previously thought to be tissue-specific, was exposed as well as concomitant integrin versatility. Furthermore, heterologous HDMECs and dermal fibroblasts attached and proliferated on the mixed matrix as well as HUVECs ECM. The conditioned medium from HUVECs (HUVECs CM) was found to neutralize the lingering after effects of Dispase, and could be used for the tissue culture of epidermal keratinocytes, HDMECs and dermal fibroblasts, which share related extracellular secretions. Taken together, these results indicate that cultured epithelial autografts can be redesigned to include both epithelial and dermal elements, and advances the acellular 'sandwich' ECM scaffold as a possible structural replacement for the lamina densa and lamina lucida, damaged or completely missing in some wounds and burns.     

骨髓间充质干细胞对骨髓CD34~+细胞增殖影响的体外研究

研究骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell,BMMSC)对骨髓CD34+细胞增殖的影响,为骨髓CD34+细胞体外扩增的深入研究提供依据。用MACS进行骨髓CD34+细胞的分选;用流式细胞术进行CD34+细胞纯度鉴定;用密度梯度离心法分离引产胎儿骨髓单个核细胞,结合贴壁法进行BMMSC的体外扩增培养;用流式细胞术进行BMMSC表面标志鉴定;用Transwell培养板培养CD34+细胞与BMMSC;用自动细胞计数仪计数有活性的CD34+细胞数量;用MTT比色法检测骨髓CD34+细胞增殖活性。流式细胞术检测结果显示分选所得的CD34+细胞纯度达到90%以上;流式细胞术检测显示传至第3代继续培养72h后的BMMSC高表达CD44、CD29,而HLA-DR、CD45、CD34表达阴性,说明所培养的BMMSC纯度很高;Transwell培养板培养CD34+细胞与BMMSC,在倒置显微镜下观察以及自动细胞计数仪计数发现,实验组有活性的CD34+细胞数量高于对照组(P<0.05);采用MTT比色法检测骨髓CD34+细胞的增殖活性,实验组高于对照组(P<0.05)。以上结果说明BMMSC有促进骨髓CD34+细胞增殖的作用,这种作用可能与其分泌的细胞因子有关。     

脐血来源的树突状细胞增强CIK细胞的杀伤作用

为确认体外诱导出的成熟脐血来源树突状细胞 (CBDC )可以引发强大抗肿瘤免疫反应 ,CBDC培养 12d后用电镜分析形态 ,用流式细胞仪检测其表型。在不同培养时间 ,用3 H TdR掺入法检测CBDC和细胞因子诱导杀伤细胞 (CIK )的扩增功能 ;用MTT法检测被CBDC激活的CIK抗肿瘤活性。结果表明 ,体外诱导出形态典型的DC ,高表达主要组织相容性抗原I、II类分子、CD5 4 ,也表达CD80、CD83、CD1a,不表达CD6 8。体外培养 12d成熟的CBDC ,能使CIK以最高的比率扩增 ,2种细胞最佳混合比为 1∶10时被激活的CIK杀伤BEL 74 0 2肝癌细胞的功能最强 ,最佳效靶比为 80∶1     

Nitric oxide induced by tumor cells activates tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells and permeability of the endothelium in vitro

Human fibrosarcoma HT1080 cell surface phenotype analysis revealed the expression of "cluster of differentiation 15" (CD15) antigen and to a lesser extent, of "very late antigen-4" (VLA-4). Expression of "endothelial-leukocyte adhesion molecule-1" (ELAM-1) was negligible on resting human umbilical vascular endothelial cells (HUVECs), but its expression could be induced by HT1080 conditioned medium. HT1080 cell adhesion to HUVECs was partially dependent on CD15/ELAM-1 adhesion molecules. HT1080 cell adhesion to HUVECs induced the enhancement of nitric oxide (NO) production from HUVECs. Exogenous NO and NO from HUVECs enhanced ELAM-1 expression on HUVECs, HT1080 cell adhesion to HUVECs, permeability of the HUVEC monolayer, and HT1080 cell invasion through the HUVEC monolayer. These enhancements were not induced by NO synthase inhibitor, N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME). These results suggest that NO expression induced by tumor cells via the CD15/ELAM-1 adhesion system may contribute to enhancement of tumor cell adhesion to endothelial cells and hyperpermeability of the endothelium, facilitating tumor cell invasion.     

人脐带源间充质干细胞分离培养方法的改进

背景：脐带来源的间充质干细胞因其具有高度的自我更新和多向分化潜能,以及取材方便等优点而日益受到关注。 目的：建立一种改进的人脐带间充质干细胞分离、培养方法,并对其生物学特性进行分析。 方法：无菌条件下获取足月妊娠分娩胎儿脐带,利用改良的组织块贴壁法分离培养脐带间充质干细胞,即将传统组织贴壁法中本应丢弃的组织转移到新的培养瓶中进行二次贴壁培养,取第3代脐带间充质干细胞进行生物学特性分析。 结果与结论：组织贴壁后第5-7天可见有梭形细胞从组织块边缘爬出,第10天左右可形成明显的细胞克隆。将组织块转移到新培养瓶中继续培养,2 d后即可见有细胞爬出,细胞生长速度较快,5 d即可形成细胞克隆。传代后的细胞形态均一,呈成纤维细胞样的长梭形。流式细胞仪检测细胞高表达CD90、CD105,不表达CD34、CD45、HLA-DR。细胞增殖能力旺盛,平均倍增时间为50 h左右,41.24%的细胞处于G₂/S期。体外可诱导分化为成骨细胞和脂肪细胞。上述实验结果证明二次贴壁培养出的细胞也具有间充质干细胞的生物学特性,而且通过这种培养方法获得的原代间充质干细胞数是传统方式培养的2倍。中国组织工程研究杂志出版内容重点：干细胞;骨髓干细胞;造血干细胞;脂肪干细胞;肿瘤干细胞;胚胎干细胞;脐带脐血干细胞;干细胞诱导;干细胞分化;组织工程全文链接：     

CD226分子参与内皮细胞黏附功能的形态学证据

目的：提供CD226分子参与内皮细胞黏附功能的形态学证据。方法：体外培养人脐静脉内皮细胞，加入融合蛋白CD226—Ig，采用倒置显微镜和扫描电子显微镜观测CD226分子在活化内皮细胞和活化PBMC黏附过程中的作用。结果：融合蛋白CD226／Ig可显著降低活化内皮细胞与活化PBMC间的黏附。结论：CD226分子是活化内皮细胞表面一种新的黏附分子，可能具有重要的生理和病理功能。     

基质刚度调节细胞-细胞外基质间黏附对肿瘤细胞迁移影响的模型研究

目的 研究细胞外基质(extracellular matrix,ECM)刚度对细胞和ECM间黏附及肿瘤迁移的影响.方法 建立基于网状波茨模型(cellular Potts model,CPM),模拟肿瘤细胞生长与细胞间免疫反馈过程,观察细胞力学行为改变对细胞-ECM黏附的影响状况,分析不同ECM下肿瘤细胞迁移的变化.结...     

Down-regulation of CD44 contributes to the differentiation of HL-60 cells induced by ATRA or HMBA

CD44 is highly expressed in human acute myeloid leukemia （AML） cells. Some experiments had shown that it was possible to reverse differentiation blockage in AML cells by CD44 ligation with specific antibodies, indicating that CD44 was closely related to the differentiation of leukemia cells. The differentiation of acute promyelocytic leukemia cell line HL-60 cells could be induced by all trans-retinoic acid （ATRA） and hexamethylene bisacetamide （HMBA）, but so far the mechanism was not demonstrated clearly. In the present study, we investigated whether ATRA or HMBA induced the growth arrest of HL-60 cells by down-regulating the expression of CD44. The results indicated that the proliferation of HL-60 cells was obviously inhibited and the differentiation was induced by both ATRA and HMBA. The decreased expression of CD44 and cyclin E mRNA, and the increased expression of p27 and p21 at mRNA levels were observed. Furthermore, there was a negative correlation between the expression of CD44 and p27. It was concluded that ATRA and HMBA played a role in the differentiation induction of HL-60 cells, which was mediated by the down-regulation of CD44, accompanied by down-regulation of cyclin E, and up-regulation of p27 and p21 mRNA. Cellular ＆ Molecular Immunology. 2007;4（1）：59-63.     

Vascular morphogenesis and differentiation after adoptive transfer of human endothelial cells to immunodeficient mice

To establish a model for adoptive transfer of endothelial cells, we transferred human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) to immunodeficient mice (Rag 2(-/-)). HUVECs were suspended as single cells in Matrigel and injected subcutaneously in the abdominal midline. Within 10 days after injection, HUVECs expressed pseudopod-like extensions and began to accumulate in arrays. By day 20, we observed human vessels that contained erythrocytes, and on day 30 we observed perivascular cells that expressed smooth muscle actin, thus resembling mature vessels. Throughout the experimental period, HUVECs bound Ulex europaeus lectin and expressed CD31, VE-cadherin, von Willebrand factor, as well as ICAM-2. A fraction of the cells also expressed the proliferation marker Ki67. Moreover, the sialomucin CD34, which is rapidly down-regulated in cultured HUVECs, was reinduced in vivo. However, we found no reinduction of CD34 in cells cultured inside or on top of Matrigel in vitro. We also injected cells suspended in Matrigel around the catheter tip of implanted osmotic pumps. Delivery of recombinant human interferon-gamma by this route led to strong induction of MHC class II and ICAM-1 on the human vessels. In conclusion, isolated human endothelial cells can integrate with the murine vascular system to form functional capillaries and regain in vivo properties.     

The seeding of human aortic endothelial cells on the extra-cellular matrix of human umbilical vein endothelial cells.

A post confluent layer (6th passage) of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) was treated with 3 mM ethylene diamine tetra-acetic acid (EDTA) to expose the subendothelial extra-cellular matrix (ECM). Normal human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) harvested by mechanical scraping were seeded onto the ECM of the HUVECs. The cells quickly attached and proliferated with normal morphology. To ensure confluency the HAECs were pooled after a brief trypsin/EDTA incubation and seeded onto the ECM of the same HUVECs (6th passage) cell line. They attached within 2 hours, and the cells grew to confluence displaying cobblestone morphology characteristic of phenotypic endothelium. HUVECs (11th passage) were seeded onto (6th passage) HUVECs ECM. The cells attached, proliferated to confluence within the normal time interval (7-8 days) and were positively characterized. A Corvita 6mm graft supplied with a gelatin/heparin matrix was densely seeded with HUVECs (6th passage). These cells also proliferated to confluence. The implications for improving the design of arterial grafts are discussed.