脊柱转移瘤全脊椎切除术的临床疗效分析

目的 :探讨脊柱转移瘤行全脊椎切除术后的并发症、复发率及临床疗效。方法 :多中心回顾性收集2004年1月~2016年12月入院的共481例脊柱转移瘤患者。本研究纳入其中采用全脊椎切除术治疗的32例患者,整块切除14例,分块切除18例;男性21例,女性11例;年龄18~71岁,平均53.4±12.4岁。肿瘤原发灶:肺癌10例,乳腺癌3例,肾癌3例,前列腺癌2例,甲状腺癌2例,宫颈癌2例,胃肠道来源3例,神经系统来源(脑膜瘤、神经母细胞瘤)2例,肝癌1例,未知来源4例。随访并分析手术一般情况,术前、术后VAS评分和Frankel分级,以及术后并发症、复发、转移和生存情况。结果:平均手术时间256.9±77.1min(130~400min),术中平均出血量2160.0±1174.3ml(600~5000ml)。总体生存时间17.4±3.0个月(2~60个月),3个月生存率为96.8%,6个月生存率为73.3%,12个月生存率为44.8%。整块切除患者中位生存时间长于分块切除者(P0.05)。术后1个月VAS评分由术前6.0±1.3分降至0.9±1.0分(P0.05),疼痛缓解率达100%。25例伴有神经功能障碍的患者术后改善率为96%(24/25)。3例(9.4%)分别于术后4个月、6个月、12个月复发。6例(18.8%)术后1年内远处转移。9例(28.1%)术后出现并发症,其中3例内固定失败,2例术后感染(伤口处),2例脑脊液漏,1例胸腔积液伴肺不张,1例吸入性肺炎,均采取相应治疗措施后好转。结论:全脊椎切除术能明显改善脊柱转移瘤患者的神经功能并缓解患者疼痛,同时能有效控制肿瘤复发,但其仍是一种高风险、高难度、高手术并发症的手术方式。     

骶骨原发骨肉瘤的外科治疗效果评价

目的:评价骶骨原发骨肉瘤的外科治疗效果。方法:回顾性分析2000年6月~2013年12月在我院接受肿瘤切除重建手术的26例骶骨原发骨肉瘤患者资料。其中男15例,女11例;中位年龄28岁(12~68岁)。分析本组患者的手术方式、总体与无进展生存时间以及功能状态。采用卡方检验比较整块切除和分块切除术后复发率。Kaplan-Meier法计算总体生存率,比较整块切除和分块切除组的总体生存率及无进展生存率。结果:16例患者接受整块切除术,10例接受分块切除术。出血量3435.3±1529.0ml(400~6600ml),手术时间6.8±2.4h(3~12h)。无围手术期致死性并发症发生。8例(30.7%)出现伤口并发症,经再次手术治疗后愈合良好。3例保留至少单侧S3及以上神经根的患者,术后大小便功能基本正常;7例保留至少单侧S2及以上神经根的患者中,术后膀胱控尿功能及大便控制部分受损,但均可自行排尿排便;仅保留至少单侧S1以上神经根的6例患者,术后均留置尿管,行自主膀胱功能锻炼,半年后均可拔除尿管,经定时挤压腹部排尿,此类患者均有不同程度的大便困难,但未做结肠造瘘。9例行全骶骨切除的患者均切断双侧S1神经根,5例患者术后出现足的跖屈肌力减弱,但可借助双拐或支具下地行走。术后随访6~87个月(29.7±19.7个月)。13例(50%)患者术后出现远处转移,10例患者(38.5%)出现局部复发(其中5例为局部复发合并远处转移)。术后1年生存率为92.3%,5年生存率为38.7%。整块切除者复发率为3/16(18.8%),分块切除者复发率为7/10(70%),分块切除复发率较整块切除高(P=0.015)。中位生存时间整块切除者为24个月,分块切除者为18个月,总体生存率无统计学差异(P=0.22);中位无进展生存时间整块切除者为19个月,分块切除者为8个月,整块切除者的无进展生存率高于分块切除者(P=0.04)。结论:对于骶骨原发骨肉瘤,整块切除术的局部控制率及无进展生存率优于分块切除术;部分病例可获得长期生存,但5年整体生存率仍较低。     

一期单纯后路全脊椎整块切除治疗腰椎肿瘤

目的探讨一期单纯后路全脊椎整块切除治疗腰椎肿瘤的手术方法与临床疗效。方法回顾性分析自2008-10—2015-12行一期单纯后路全脊椎整块切除、前路钛笼植骨重建、后路椎弓根钉棒系统内固定术治疗的12例腰椎肿瘤。结果本组手术时间200~410 min,平均300 min;术中失血量800~5 200 ml,平均1 200 ml。4例获得广泛边界,5例为边缘性边界,3例为病灶内切除。12例随访2~60个月,平均40.8个月。在随访期内肿瘤无复发,5例转移瘤患者带瘤生存。所有患者未出现内固定失败,X线片均显示植骨融合。术后所有患者神经功能获得改善或保持原有水平,术后Frankel分级:B级1例,C级3例,D级5例,E级3例。结论一期单纯后路全脊椎整块切除治疗腰椎肿瘤可获得满意的局部控制和功能恢复,创伤小、并发症少,能提高患者的生活质量。     

连续整块切除原则在腔镜辅助甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中的应用

目的探讨整块与分块切除在腔镜辅助甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中的应用效果。方法回顾性分析2013年2月~2014年2月北京安贞医院腔镜辅助手术中快速冰冻病理证实甲状腺微小乳头状癌患者62例资料,前24例先行患侧腺叶、峡部切除,继而在纳米碳示踪下行中央区淋巴结分块清扫(分块切除组),后38例将患侧腺叶、峡部、中央区淋巴脂肪组织连续整块切除一次完成(整块切除组)。对2组手术时间、术中出血量、中央区淋巴结清扫数量、术后并发症情况进行比较。结果 2组手术均顺利完成,无中转开放手术。整块切除组较分块切除组手术时间长[(86.1±10.0)min vs.(73.5±8.9)min,t=4.997,P=0.000],2组术中出血量差异无显著性(P0.05),而中央区淋巴结清扫数量整块切除组明显多于分块切除组[(8.2±1.6)枚vs.(6.1±1.5)枚,t=5.131,P=0.000]。2组均无永久性喉返神经损伤及低钙血症。术后暂时性声音嘶哑整块切除组3例,分块切除组4例,总发生率为11.3%(7/62),2组间差异无显著性(χ2=0.424,P=0.515),未予特殊处理,均于术后8周内恢复正常。术后随访5~17个月,平均10个月,均无局部种植、复发和远处转移。结论整块切除较分块切除更符合无瘤原则,在腔镜辅助甲状腺微小乳头状癌手术中可以得到安全的应用。     

单中心原发骶骨肿瘤790例的流行病学分析

目的 :总结原发骶骨肿瘤的流行病学特点、手术方式及治疗效果。方法 :2000年7月~2013年12月在北京大学人民医院骨与软组织肿瘤中心接受手术治疗的骶骨原发肿瘤患者790例,其中男416例,女374例。发病年龄5~78岁,平均44.8岁。病理类型:脊索瘤193例,骨巨细胞瘤141例,神经纤维瘤83例,神经鞘瘤48例,恶性外周神经鞘瘤19例,骨髓瘤39例,骨肉瘤26例,软骨肉瘤49例,尤文肉瘤/PNET 28例,畸胎瘤37例,其他肿瘤127例。随访期3~5年。分析上述主要病理类型病例的男女比例、年龄特点、病灶部位及生长特点、手术方式、局部复发及生存率。结果:1脊索瘤193例,占24.4%。男120例,女73例,平均年龄56.7岁(21~75岁)。89例累及S3以下的患者接受了广泛或边缘性切除;70例累及S2以下的患者接受了整块切除,其中21例整块切除后肿瘤上缘骶骨有残留,进行了补充切除;34例肿瘤累及全骶骨的患者中,19例接受了全骶骨整块切除手术,余患者行分块切除术。远处转移19例(9.8%),包括肺转移10例,骨转移6例,肝转移3例。151例首次手术的患者中57例局部复发(37.7%)。术后5年无病生存率45.1%,5年总生存率87.7%。2骨巨细胞瘤141例,占17.8%。其中男69例,女72例,平均年龄34.2岁(16~61岁)。132例行切刮术,3例行全骶骨切除术,6例因肿瘤巨大仅行多次血管栓塞术。术后共25例复发(18.9%),13例为采用术中腹主动脉球囊临时阻断者,12例为未采用腹主动脉球囊临时阻断者。3神经源性肿瘤150例,占骶骨原发肿瘤的19%。分别为良性神经源性肿瘤131例(神经纤维瘤83例、神经鞘瘤48例)和恶性神经鞘瘤19例。131例良性神经源性肿瘤中,男62例,女69例,平均年龄为42.3岁(17~67岁);均行边缘性切除,17例(12.9%)术后复发。4骨肉瘤26例,占3.3%。男15例,女11例,平均年龄25.8岁(12~58岁)。16例行术前化疗,21例行术后化疗。13例行整块切除术或全骶骨切除术,13例行分块切除术。12例(46%)手术后复发。术后3年及5年生存率分别为43.5%和21.8%。5尤文肉瘤/PNET 28例,占3.5%。男13例,女15例,平均年龄22.3岁(5~50岁)。21例行术前化疗,27例行术后放化疗。14例行整块切除术或全骶骨切除术,14例行分块切除术。15例(53.6%)手术后复发。术后3年及5年生存率分别为39.1%和19.6%。6软骨肉瘤49例,占6.2%。男26例,女23例,平均年龄42.5岁(17~69岁)。29例行整块切除术或全骶骨切除术,余行分块切除术。22例(44.9%)手术后复发。术后2年及5年总生存率分别为58.7%和47.0%;术后2年及5年无病生存率分别为42.3%和31.8%。结论:最常见的原发骶骨肿瘤为脊索瘤、骨巨细胞瘤、神经源性肿瘤、骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤、软骨肉瘤和骨髓瘤。各肿瘤的好发年龄、性别比例、部位及生长方式各有特点。不同的病理类型应选择不同的手术方式。骶骨脊索瘤肿瘤整块切除的术后复发率远低于病灶内手术;骶骨巨细胞瘤治疗最大的难点和关键点是控制术中出血;骶骨原发高度恶性肿瘤如骨肉瘤、尤文肉瘤等边缘或病灶内手术后复发率极高,应行肿瘤整块广泛切除。     

颈胸段脊柱转移瘤的手术疗效及生存率

[目的]探讨颈胸段脊柱(CTJS)转移瘤的手术疗效、生存情况以及影响转移瘤预后的相关因素。[方法]回顾北京大学第三医院2011年1月～2014年12月收治的CTJS转移瘤患者30例。共采用两种手术方式:12例肿瘤切除术;18例姑息性手术。采用VAS评分、ECOG评分、Frankel分级对疼痛、功能状况和脊髓功能进行评价,采用Kaplan-Meier法评估生存时间。对影响转移瘤预后的多种因素进行COX比例风险模型生存分析。[结果]肿瘤切除组手术时间显著长于姑息性手术组[(317.23±61.87) min vs(190.36±38.31) min,P0.05];肿瘤切除组术中出血量显著多于姑息性手术组[(1 691.77±411.92) ml vs(1 011.13±223.68) ml,P0.05]。两组患者术后的VAS评分、ECOG评分均有改善(P0.05);26例术前脊髓功能障碍者,术后21例(80.77%) Frankel分级获得改善至少一个等级。肿瘤切除组中位生存时间21.00个月,1年生存率66.67%;其中5例原发肿瘤恶性程度中-低度、脊柱孤立性转移的患者术后中位生存期44.00个月。相比之下,姑息性手术组中位生存时间15.50个月,1年生存率55.56%(P0.05)。多因素COX比例风险模型生存分析结果显示原发肿瘤恶性程度和内脏转移情况影响患者的生存(P0.05)。[结论]原发肿瘤恶性程度和内脏转移情况影响转移瘤患者的生存。对原发肿瘤恶性程度为中-低度、局部控制好的脊柱孤立性转移瘤行肿瘤切除临床效果满意。     

脊椎肿瘤整块切除的疗效分析

目的探讨脊椎肿瘤整块切除的治疗效果。方法回顾性分析2007年1月至2021年12月于北京大学人民医院骨肿瘤科接受脊椎肿瘤整块切除的患者113例, 男68例、女45例, 年龄(38.7±16.7)岁(范围10～79岁);原发恶性肿瘤55例、原发侵袭性肿瘤27例、孤立性转移瘤31例。依Boriani脊椎肿瘤整块切除外科分型系统进行计划, 根据肿瘤于脊椎中的不同累及范围分为七型手术方法。分析所有患者的一般情况(性别、年龄、病理类型、肿瘤所在部位及累及椎节数量及术前神经功能)、手术过程(具体手术分型、手术分期、前方椎体重建方式、手术时间、术中出血量及外科边界)、围手术期与术后情况(术中及围手术期并发症、术后神经功能)、术后生存时间(总生存期、无复发生存期及内植物生存期)。结果除1例因术中大血管损伤致失血性休克死亡外, 112例均顺利完成手术。手术时间为(517.6±267.4)min, 术中出血量为(3 802.7±3 039.4)ml。48例达到R0切除。围手术期死亡3例, 44例(38.9%, 44/112)发生术中及围手术期并发症。109例获得随访, 随访时间为(39.4±35.2)个月...     

一期后路全脊椎切除治疗胸腰椎恶性肿瘤

目的:探讨一期后路全脊椎切除治疗胸腰椎恶性肿瘤的可行性、安全性和疗效。方法:回顾分析2004年5月至2009年12月复旦大学附属中山医院骨科收治的40例胸腰椎恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料。均采用一期后路全脊椎切除治疗,其中分块切除23例,整块切除17例。比较两组患者手术时间、术中出血量、术中输血量和临床治疗效果等。结果:分块切除组手术时间4.8～7h,平均5.8h,术中出血量1500～5000ml,平均2705ml,术中输血量平均1769ml,术后随访6～68个月,平均18个月,随访期内死亡5例,8例肿瘤复发,骨水泥陷入椎体和移位各1例;整块切除组手术时间6.5～8h,平均7.3h,术中出血量1000～2000ml,平均1678ml,术中输血量平均1087ml,随访期间未发现肿瘤复发,除1例钛网轻度移位外,余内固定可靠。两组术后VAS评分有明显下降,与术前相比有显著性差异(P0.05),两组间VAS改善无统计学差异(P0.05)。两组在手术时间、术中出血量和术中输血量比较有显著性差异(P0.05)。脊髓神经功能Frankel分级32例患者均有1级以上恢复。结论:一期后路全脊椎切除治疗胸腰椎恶性肿瘤安全有效。整块切除法在术中出血量、术中输血量和局部复发率方面明显优于分块切除法。     

两种切除方式下腱鞘巨细胞瘤复发率的对比分析

目的 探讨两种手术方式(整块切除与分块切除)与腱鞘巨细胞瘤复发的关系.方法 回顾自2000年4月至2011年6月共治疗腱鞘巨细胞瘤患者21例,分析性别、年龄、病变部位、诊断(初发与复发)、手术方式以及骨骼受累与复发的关系.并采用Enneking的方法行各组功能比较.平均随访时间61.5个月.结果 复发2例(9.5％),1例为足踝部初发病例,另1例中指复发病例.整块切除者(1/6)与分块切除者复发率(1/15)无显著差异(P＞0.05).性别、年龄、部位、诊断以及骨骼是否受累与复发率无相关关系(P＞0.05).手指病变患者功能评分明显高于其他部位病变患者(P=0.001).结论 本组腱鞘巨细胞瘤患者分块切除组复发率并不高于整块切除组,彻底切除肿瘤是降低复发率的最关键因素.     

普通软骨肉瘤复发后的恶性进级和去分化演变

目的探讨普通软骨肉瘤复发后出现病理级别改变及去分化病例的治疗方法及预后。方法1997年4月至2005年4月,收治初诊为普通软骨肉瘤的患者91例,按是否局部复发分为复发软骨肉瘤和无复发软骨肉瘤。复发组36例,男21例,女15例;年龄13～65岁,平均40.6岁。无复发组55例,男37例,女18例;年龄15～72岁,平均43.2岁。根据Enneking分期确定外科治疗边界,复查所有复发病例的病理切片并分级。结果复发组共行53例次手术,病灶内切除21例次,边缘切除15例次,广泛切除17例次。无复发组12例病灶内切除,13例边缘切除,30例广泛切除。复发组随访33例,其中16例死于肿瘤转移和复发,5例带瘤存活,12例无瘤存活,五年生存率46.91%;无复发组随访47例,其中7例死于肿瘤转移,4例带瘤存活,36例无瘤存活,五年生存率76.81%。复发组中15例发生病理级别的改变,其中8例出现去分化改变,7例发生恶性进级。7例发生恶性进级的患者中,3例无瘤生存,2例带瘤生存,2例死亡。8例发生去分化患者中,2例带瘤存活,6例全部死亡。结论普通软骨肉瘤复发后可以出现恶性病理进级和去分化改变,初次手术时应尽量做到广泛切除,以减少复发、提高生存率。     

中低位直肠癌环周切缘的规范化检测及研究进展

随着TME技术和术前新辅助治疗的推广,直肠癌的预后在逐步改善.环周切缘(CRM)是目前直肠癌预后的重要影响因素之一.CRM阳性将导致预后不良.明确CRM阳性的不同种类、定义和影响因素有现实意义.直肠癌病理学中的TME质量控制和CRM判断的标准非常重要.完整切除肛提肌的扩大经腹会阴联合切除术(APR)即柱状APR较传统APR在降低CRM阳性率方面可能有一定优势.     

Comparison of one-stage anteroposterior and posterior-alone hemivertebrae resection combined with posterior correction for hemivertebrae deformity

Background:

The surgical technique of hemivertebrae excision varies from anteroposterior procedures to posterior-alone resections according to the experience and preference of surgeons. Both the approaches are reliable and give relatively good results. This study aims to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiological results of these two approaches for hemivertebrae resection.

Materials and Methods:

Sixty patients were retrospectively enrolled between 2006 and 2009. The subjects included 32 women and 28 men, with a mean age of 12.9 years (range: 5–24 years). Thirty patients who underwent one-stage anteroposterior hemivertebrae resection (the AP group) were followed for 38.5 months, and the other 30 patients who underwent posterior resection (the P group) were followed for 20.6 months. Clinical and radiological assessments were performed preoperatively, 1 week postoperatively, and at the final follow-up. The operation time, blood loss, degree of correction of the main curve/segmental curve/kyphosis, the average hospital stay, and complications were reviewed and compared between the two groups.

Results:

The mean operation time, blood loss, and hospital stay of the AP group and the P group were 451 min vs 248.5 min, 1290 ml vs 910 ml, and 21.93 days vs 18.97 days, respectively (P<.05). The average correction rate of the main curve/segmental curve/kyphosis of the AP group and the P group was 68.5% vs 66.2%, 71.5% vs 69.6%, and 57.4% vs 56.1%, respectively (P>.05). Overall complication rate was 6.7% in the AP group vs 10% in the P group (P>.05).

Conclusion:

Posterior hemivertebrael resection is a promising approach for congenital scoliosis in terms of relative safety, degree of correction achieved, reduced operative time and blood loss.     

Surgical Treatment of Intramuscular Myxoma

PurposeIntramuscular myxoma (IM) is a rare benign myxoid tumor that may be challenging to differentiate from sarcoma in small amounts of biopsied material. Although IM appears to be well-circumscribed macroscopically, it infiltrates the adjacent edematous muscle microscopically. The recommended treatment is resection, but there is controversy with regard to the appropriate surgical margin. This study aimed to clarify which surgical procedure that should be applied when the preoperative diagnosis is IM and how to manage treatment if the postoperative diagnosis turns out to be a sarcoma.MethodsWe retrospectively examined 55 IM patients treated from January 1982 to December 2014. Patient characteristics, tumor location, tumor size, radiograph, preoperative and postoperative pathological reports, surgical techniques, treatment outcome, and complications were reviewed. The patients were followed up on for at least 5 years. All patients were confirmed not to have Mazabraud syndrome.ResultsIn the 55 IM patients examined, the mean patient age was 48 years and most were female. The most common tumor locations were in the muscles of the thighs (47%) and buttocks (20%). The mean tumor diameter was 5 cm. Wide resection and marginal resection were performed in 24 and 31 patients, respectively. The mean follow-up duration was 19 years. No local recurrence, malignant transformation, or complications were observed.ConclusionsMarginal resection is suitable in patients whose preoperative diagnosis is IM, as it is able to prevent local recurrence and allows for the preservation of muscle and muscle fascia. If the postoperative diagnosis turns out to be myxoid sarcoma, minimum surgical contamination makes additional wide resection less invasive.     

Factors influencing circumferential resection margin in rectal cancer

Aim Abdominoperineal excision (APR) has been associated with higher circumferential resection margin (CRM) involvement and local recurrence rates than extralevator APR for low rectal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the CRMs in APR and low anterior resection (LAR) specimens and to identify factors influencing CRM involvement. Method All pathological specimens from consecutive patients with rectal cancer who underwent curative resection at the Cleveland Clinic Florida, from January 2000 to July 2010, were reviewed by two pathologists. Demographics, tumour characteristics, operative data, postoperative pathology and Dworak’s tumour regression grade were compared between specimens with positive and negative CRMs. Results One‐hundred and fifty‐four patients underwent curative APR (n = 65) or LAR (n = 69). Mean tumour size was 3.6 cm, and mean distance from the dentate line was 5.4 cm. Nine (6.8%) patients had a positive CRM (n = 6 APR, n = 3 LAR), which was associated with tumour size > 5.9 cm (P = 0.002), a distance of ≤ 2.6 cm from the dentate line (P = 0.013), microvascular invasion (P = 0.009), perineural invasion (P < 0.001), number of positive lymph nodes (P = 0.046) and incomplete total mesorectal excision (TME) (P < 0.001). APR specimens were three times more likely than LAR specimens to have an incomplete mesorectum (9.8%vs 2.9%, P = 0.322). Conclusions Factors associated with a positive CRM were tumour size > 5.9 cm, a distance of ≤ 2.6 cm from the dentate line, incomplete TME, number of positive nodes and microvascular and perineural invasion. The incidence of a positive CRM was not significantly different between LAR and APR (n = 3 LAR and n = 6 APR).     

A proposal for the annotation of recurrent colorectal cancer: the ‘Sheffield classification’

Aim: Current classification systems of large bowel cancer only refer to metastatic disease as M0, M1 or Mx. Recurrent colorectal cancer primarily occurs in the liver, lungs, nodes or peritoneum. The management of each of these sites of recurrence has made significant advances and each is a subspecialty in its own right. The aim of this paper was to devise a classification system which accurately describes the site and extent of metastatic spread. Method: An amendment of the current system is proposed in which liver, lung and peritoneal metastases are annotated by ‘Liv 0,1’, ‘Pul 0,1’ and ‘Per 0,1’ in describing the primary presentation. These are then subclassified, taking into account the chronology, size, number and geographical distribution of metastatic disease or logoregional recurrence and its K‐Ras status. Conclusion: This discussion document proposes a classification system which is logical and simple to use. We plan to validate it prospectively.     

Pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy with Billroth I type reconstruction: a viable option for pancreatic head resection

Background/Purpose: The aim of this study was to investigate the efficacy of pylorus-preserving pancreatoduodenectomy (PPPD) versus standard pancreatoduodenectomy (PD). Method: A cohort of 80 patients were studied for 5 years using prospectively gathered data. PPPD was performed in 48 (60%) patients, and the other 32 (40%) underwent a standard Whipple's operation with partial distal gastrectomy (PD). In all cases, the gastric or duodenal stump was anastomosed with the first loop of jejunum as a Billroth I-type reconstruction. Results: Overall, morbidity in the cohort of patients consisted of 10 with a pancreatic fistula, 5 with postoperative hemorrhage, 5 with sepsis, 3 with delayed gastric emptying, 2 with an anastomotic leak, and 1 each with intraabdominal hematoma or myocardial infarction. Major morbidity associated with PPPD appeared in 8 of the 48 (16.7%) patients compared with 2 of 32 (6.3%) in the PD group. There were two deaths (4.2%) in the PPPD group and one (3.1%) in the PD group. The mean length of hospital stay was 14.6 days for PPPD versus 17.1 days for PD. Of the 48 patients in the PPPD group 7 (14.6%) had a hospital stay of more than 20 days versus 8 of the 32 (25%) in the PD group. Conclusions: Contrary to recent reports, in our series the PPPD patients had a shorter hospital stay; and overall, 3 of the 80 (3.75%) patients developed delayed gastric emptying, a relatively low rate. The pancreatic fistula rate was almost threefold higher in the PPPD group than in the PD group (but did not prolong the inpatient stay). This may be due to an intact antrum secreting higher quantities of gastrin. Received: May 13, 2002 / Accepted: July 1, 2002 Offprint requests to: A. Kingsnorth     

Sleeve resection of the bronchus and the pulmonary artery for pulmonary lesions

The tissue preserving resections for non-small-cell bronchial carcinoma can be grouped into three main categories: I. bronchoplastic procedures, II. angioplastic procedures, and III. concomitant broncho- and angioplastic procedures, and into the subgroups, standard and extended sleeve resection. The indications are; elderly patients, impaired respiratory reserve, limited tumour growth, and palliative surgery. The analysis of 229 cases yielded follow-up data in 192. The estimated 5 years survival rate was 34 per cent, 19 per cent and 14 per cent in categories I, II and III, respectively. The decrease in survival was due to a greater tumour burden. The operative mortality rate was 8.9 per cent in category I and 17 per cent in category III, such being comparable with standard or extended pneumonectomy, respectively. Surgical techniques and postoperative complications are discussed. Presented at the 82nd Annual Congress of the Japan Surgical Society, 1982, Chiba, Japan     

Extended resection for unexpected invasion of the left sided lung cancer into the liver: combined lung,diaphragm, and liver resection

Complete anatomic lung resection remains the best curative option in patients with early-stage lung cancer. In some cases, extended lung resections are required to achieve R0 resection. Although diaphragmatic invasion and resection is a well-known condition in lung cancer, direct invasion of the diaphragm and liver in lung cancer is rare. We report a 66-year-old man with left-sided lung cancer. Preoperative evaluation revealed the risk of diaphragm invasion, but the liver invasion was detected intraoperatively. In addition to left pneumonectomy, left-sided partial liver and diaphragm resection was performed. At 24 months from the operation, the patient is alive without any disease progression. We believe that combined resection including lung, diaphragm, and liver may have survival benefits in selected cases.     

Morbidity and mortality after hepatic and pancreatic resections: results from one surgeon at a low-volume urban hospital over thirty years

Background

Recent reviews of state and national databases suggest that hospital volume is inversely proportional to morbidity after hepatic and pancreatic resection. Volume may be a surrogate marker for factors such as coordination of care and surgeon training. The authors hypothesized that low-volume centers can obtain acceptable outcomes if these requirements are satisfied.

Methods

A retrospective review was performed of all hepatic and pancreatic resections performed from 1978 to 2008 by 1 surgeon at 1 low-volume institution. The etiology of disease, type of resection, and 30-day morbidity and mortality were assessed.

Results

One hundred sixty-eight hepatic resections were performed for malignant (76%) or benign (24%) etiologies. Major resections included extended lobectomy (n = 19), lobectomy (n = 58), and segmentectomy (n = 62); minor resections consisted of wedge resections (n = 29). Overall 30-day mortality was 1.8%, and major morbidity was 17.9%; for major hepatic resections, mortality and morbidity were 1.4% and 20.1%, respectively. One hundred fourteen pancreatic resections were performed for malignant (76.3%) or benign (23.7%) etiologies. Major resections included pancreaticoduodenectomy (n = 91), central pancreatectomy (n = 1), and total pancreatectomy (n = 4); minor resections consisted of distal pancreatectomy (n = 18). Overall 30-day mortality was 2.6%, and major morbidity was 27.2%; for major pancreatic resections, mortality and morbidity were 3.1% and 31.3%, respectively.

Conclusions

Hepatic and pancreatic resections can be performed safely at a low-volume hospital with adequate surgeon training and perioperative systems of care.