超声BI-RADS分级在乳腺肿块诊断中的应用

目的 探讨超声BI-RADS分级对乳腺肿块的诊断价值.方法 对在本院术前经超声检查发现肿块、并行手术活检、病理证实的514例女性患者乳腺肿块进行回顾性分析,比较分析其超声BI-RADS分级评估与病理检查结果,计算超声诊断的乳腺良、恶性肿块的恶性肿瘤百分率,并比较不同年龄段乳腺恶性肿瘤的百分率.结果 514例患者中,超声诊断恶性肿块132例,其中78例病理诊断为恶性肿瘤,54例病理诊断为良性病变;超声诊断良性肿块382例,其中8例病理诊断为恶性肿瘤,374例病理诊断为良性病变.计算得出超声BI-RADS分级对乳腺肿块诊断的灵敏度、特异度、正确率、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为90.7％、87.4％、87.9％、59.1％、97.9％.本研究514例患者中,超声2～5级病变者中恶性肿瘤的百分率分别为：0％ （0/58）、2.5％ （8/322）、27.8％ （20/72）、93.5％ （58/62）.不同年龄段中,年龄＜40岁恶性肿瘤百分率为39.5％,年龄≥40岁恶性肿瘤百分率为60.5％.结论 超声BI-RADS分级能够对乳腺肿块进行较准确的评估,对规范诊断与临床处理有较高的参考价值,对乳腺癌的早期诊断也有重要意义.     

原发性心脏肉瘤的超声诊断与病理对照分析

目的 探讨利用超声心动图诊断原发性心脏肉瘤的价值。 方法 自1998年1月至2005年8月，本心脏中心13例经手术病理证实的原发恶性心脏肉瘤患者进行了经胸超声心动图检查，将超声与手术病理进行对照。 结果 与手术病理结果对比，经胸超声心动图检出12例心脏-心包占位，1例漏诊，敏感性92．3％。在判定肿瘤良恶性时，4例超声误认为是黏液瘤但病理证实为肉瘤，另有2例超声误认为恶性肿瘤但病理证实为良性，敏感性61．5％，特异性86．6％。 结论 经胸超声心动图对原发心脏肉瘤具有诊断价值，可为治疗决策提供重要的诊断信息。     

超声心动显像评价心脏恶性肿瘤的手术、病理和尸检结果对照

目的：评价心脏恶性肿瘤的临床特点、手术所见、病理学类型、以及治疗情况；评价超声心动显像诊断心脏恶性肿瘤的准确性。方法：1983年至2002年12月在北京阜外心血管病医院手术和尸检及病理证实为心脏恶性肿瘤的患者27例。25例经手术和病理证实，2例尸检证实。24例为心脏原发恶性肿瘤，3例为转移性心脏恶性肿瘤。全部患者均有术前经胸超声心动显像检查资料。男17例，女10例。年龄1～72岁，平均34岁。结果：27例患者中，62．95％肿瘤位于右心(右心房占33．33％，右心室占14．81％，浸润房室环及同时波及右房室占14．81％。)；29．63％肿瘤位于左心(左心房占22．22％，左心室占7．41％)；7．41％位于心包。右心房肿瘤同时累及上腔静脉占14．81％，累及下腔静脉占14．81％，累及无名静脉占3．70％。左心房肿瘤同时累及肺静脉占7．41％。24例(88．89％)原发心脏恶性肿瘤中，间叶肉瘤11例(40．74％)，血管肉瘤5例(18．52％)，横纹肌肉瘤2例(7．41％)，纤维肉瘤2例(7．41％)，平滑肌肉瘤1例(3．70％)，非何杰金氏恶性淋巴瘤1例(3．70％)，心包间皮肉瘤2例(7．41％)。转移性心脏恶性肿瘤3例(11．11％)，其中转移性肝细胞癌2例占7．41％，转移性上皮肉瘤1例占3．70％。27例术前超声诊断均因缺乏经验，诊断心脏占位病变性质待定19例占70．37％，诊断粘液瘤可能性大8例占29．63％。结论：心脏恶性肿瘤多位于右心。不同类型的恶性肿瘤具有相似的超声所见，如肿块边界不规则、内部回声密度不均匀、多数较固定、肿块迅速增大等。一旦发现这些特点，应建议患者急诊或尽早手术。手术可清除肿瘤病灶，解除梗阻，延长患者的生命。     

原发性心脏恶性肿瘤——附19例分析

目的：探讨原发性心脏恶性肿瘤的临床特点及诊治。方法：对19例经病理证实的原发性心脏恶性肿瘤患者的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：95％的患者以心悸,气促为其首发症状,19例中10例为心包恶性间皮瘤,血管肉瘤4例,淋巴瘤2例,横纹肌肉瘤,纤维肉瘤,黏液肉瘤各1例,右心室,右心房和左心房肿瘤分别为5例,3例和1例,心力衰竭为主要死因,占93％（18／19）,住院病死率为74％,结果：原发性心脏恶性肿瘤患者多以心悸,气促为首发症状,早期诊断较困难,预后很差,UCG为早期诊断及改善预后的重要手段。     

血清CA125与彩色多普勒超声在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断中的应用

目的：评价血清CA125与彩色多普勒超声在卵巢恶性肿瘤术前诊断中的价值。方法：收集2002—01／2006—12在我院进行NNCA125及多普勒超声检测并经手术病理证实的卵巢肿瘤患者88例，并进行分析。结果：CA125检测超声对诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤的灵敏度为92，5％。结论：CA125联合超声对诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤有重要价值。     

二维及彩色多普勒超声在卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断中的价值

目的：重点分析卵巢恶性肿瘤的二维及彩色多普勒超声表现，旨在探讨其对卵巢恶性肿瘤诊断的应用价值。方法：超声检查56例卵巢恶性肿瘤，并与病理诊断对照。结果：阳性检出率达100％，误诊5例，诊断准确性为91.9%。说明超声诊断卵巢恶性肿瘤具有重要的价值。     

甲状腺肿瘤应用超声诊断的准确性及价值

目的：探讨超声在甲状腺肿瘤诊断中的应用价值及准确性.材料与方法：回顾分析2003年5月至2013年8期间,71例在我院行甲状腺超声检查并初步诊断为甲状腺肿瘤的患者的临床资料、超声诊断结果及手术病理结果.结果：71例患者中,超声初步诊断为甲状腺腺瘤57例,经手术病理确诊50例,符合率87.72％;超声初步诊断为甲状腺癌13例,经手术病理确诊7例,符合率53.85％.结论：超声检查对甲状腺腺瘤的诊断符合率高,对甲状腺癌的诊断符合率较高,是临床甲状腺肿瘤术前诊断的重要方法之一.     

心脏超声造影诊断心脏占位性病变的价值

目的 探讨心脏超声造影鉴别心脏占位性病变性质的价值.方法 对38例心脏占位性病变患者(其中28例有金标准诊断结果)行SonoVue超声造影检查,根据病变部位造影剂增强状况将其诊断为血栓、良性肿瘤或恶性肿瘤.心脏超声造影定量分析比较病变区域及毗邻心肌造影剂峰值强度.结果 心脏超声造影目测半定量分析诊断血栓8例,良性肿瘤8例,恶性肿瘤12例,其中2例富血供的良性肿瘤(1例心脏副神经节瘤、1例心脏横纹肌瘤)误诊为恶性肿瘤,其余诊断与金标准一致.16例病变造影定量分析诊断良性肿瘤或血栓10例,恶性肿瘤6例,与目测半定量分析诊断结果一致,其中2例误诊病例同前.结论 心脏超声造影目测半定量分析可通过心脏占位性病变内的造影剂增强状况准确判断病变血供状态,从而协助判断其性质.     

彩色多普勒超声诊断卵巢肿瘤的价值

目的探讨彩色多普勒超声检查对卵巢良恶性肿瘤诊断的价值。方法超声检查42例卵巢肿瘤患者,并与手术及病理对照分析。结果42例术前超声诊断结果良性肿瘤33例,恶性肿瘤9例,术后病理诊断结果为:良性肿瘤35例,恶性肿瘤7例,超声诊断与病理诊断符合39例,符合率93%。结论彩色多普勒超声对卵巢肿瘤形态的探查结合了血流信息,可提高诊断准确率。     

彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断分析

目的：探讨二维及彩色多普勒超声对乳腺良恶性肿瘤的鉴别诊断.材料与方法：对110例经手术病理证实的乳腺肿块进行二维及彩色多普勒超声图像特征对照分析.结果：110例良恶性肿瘤,本组检出良性肿块77例,超声诊断符合率92％,恶性肿块33例,超声诊断符合率94％,110例均经手术后病理证实.结论：彩色多普勒对乳腺肿块可以进行良恶性鉴别诊断,准确率高,具有无损伤、无痛苦、操作简单,结果快速等特点.     

原发性心脏肿瘤的超声诊断价值及误漏诊分析

目的 评价超声心动图对原发性心脏肿瘤的诊断价值,并结合文献探讨原发性良、恶性以及肿瘤的超声特点,以及其诊断诊断心脏肿瘤误漏诊的原因。方法 对３５例经手术,尸解、电子计算机Ｘ线体层扫描（ＣＴ）、磁共振显像（ＭＲＩ）及病理结果证实的原发性心脏肿瘤患者的超声心动图资料进行分析。结果 通过超声首先发现和诊断心脏肿瘤者占９１．４３％（３２／３５）。患者首次通过超声检查诊断心脏肿瘤的准确率和误漏诊率分别为７１     

原发性心脏肿瘤的临床及超声心动图表现（附17例分析）

本文报告我院自１９８０年～１９９２年确诊的原发性心脏肿瘤１７例，其中粘液瘤１６例均位于左房，恶性间皮肉瘤１例位于右室右房，占同期心脏病住院总人数的０．０６２％。心脏肿瘤由于其部位、大小、有蒂无蒂、蒂的长短不同，临床表现较为复杂，易于误诊。超声心动图技术为诊断心脏肿瘤的首选方法，可提供特征性的影象，又准确、安全、可靠。     

43例心脏肿瘤临床分析

目的：总结心脏肿瘤的临床特征，提高对心脏肿瘤的认识。方法：回顾性分析了43例心脏肿瘤的临床表现、肿瘤发生部位及肿瘤性质等。结果：心脏肿瘤最常见临床表现是心悸和气短。心脏肿瘤可发生于心脏任何部位，左心房最常见，且多为粘液瘤，其次是右心房。右心肿瘤除粘液瘤外，多为恶性肿瘤。43例肿瘤中粘液瘤35例（81．39％），非粘液良性肿瘤6例（13．95％），恶性肿瘤2例（4．65％）。结论：原发心脏肿瘤中左心房粘液瘤最多见，良性心脏肿瘤手术治疗效果好，恶性心脏肿瘤仅能解除机械梗阻，缓解症状，预后差。     

心脏肿瘤的超声影像与手术病理对照分析

目的:通过对比心脏肿瘤的超声影像特征与手术病理及临床随访结果,总结心脏肿瘤的超声影像特征,提高超声.影像的诊断水平。方法:回顾性对比分析2003年1月一2019年10月我院经彩色多普勒超声心动图检查发现的疑似心脏肿瘤病变63例,对照分析声像图特征与手术病理结果。结果:63例病例中男27例(43%),女36例(57%),年龄4月~83岁,平均35.5岁,手术病理证实良性肿瘤49例,其中黏液瘤28例,其它类型良性心脏肿瘤21例,原发性恶性肿瘤11例,转移瘤2例,血栓1例。超声诊断良性黏液瘤28例,与手术病理结果符合率为100%;23例超声不能判断肿瘤病理类型(20例考虑良性,3例考虑恶性),手术病理结果证实21例为良性,1例为恶性,1例为血栓;12例超声诊断恶性肿瘤,与手术病理定性完全相符。结论:超声预测黏液瘤准确率高,心脏肿瘤如侵犯心脏系统,并伴有心包积液,更有可能为恶性。超声是诊断心脏肿瘤的主要检查手段,通过特殊的声像图特征,结合病史,可避免或减少误诊和漏诊的发生。     

Prenatal echocardiographic differential diagnosis of fetal cardiac tumors.

OBJECTIVES: To present data on echocardiographic findings of fetal cardiac tumors and discuss their differential diagnoses. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 14 cases of fetal echogenic cardiac mass diagnosed between 1990 and 2003; 12 were confirmed to be cardiac tumors and two were false-positive diagnoses. The echocardiographic characteristics examined included number, size, location and associated complications. RESULTS: Eight fetuses had a single tumor and four fetuses had multiple tumors. The left ventricle was most often affected. Parents of eight fetuses opted for termination of pregnancy, one fetus died in utero and three affected fetuses survived. Histopathological examination revealed cardiac rhabdomyoma in six fetuses, fibroma in two, teratoma in two, lipoma in one and hemangioma in one. The pitfalls associated with prenatal echocardiographic diagnosis of cardiac tumors include: they may be too small to be visualized, intracardiac echogenic foci may mimic tumors, and echogenicity resulting from extracardiac structures or neoplasms near the heart may falsely appear as tumors. CONCLUSION: Fetal cardiac tumors can be detected by echocardiography. However, differential diagnosis is important as this will affect prognosis and subsequent management.     

107例原发性心脏肿瘤的诊断和外科治疗

目的：研究原发性心脏肿瘤的诊断及外科治疗方法。方法：以超声心动图和多普勒了解肿瘤位置和瓣膜功能情况。非粘液性和恶性肿瘤需施行CT和（或）MRI检查,了解肿瘤和毗邻心脏结构关系,探讨右心房、左心房、左右双心房、左心室切口的优缺点。结果：本组肿瘤全切除104例,部分切除2例,活俭1例。住院期死亡3例,死亡率28％。结论：原发性良性肿瘤早期彻底切除防止复发,恶性肿瘤根据病情切除或部分切除,随访中良性肿瘤无复发,晚期死亡3例。其中恶性2例,1例良性死于其它恶性肿瘤广泛转移。     

心脏原发良性肿瘤的临床分析及超声诊断价值

目的　评价黏液瘤以外的心脏原发良性肿瘤的临床特点、手术所见、病理学类型以及治疗情 况;评价超声心动图诊断黏液瘤以外的心脏原发良性肿瘤的准确性。方法　手术和病理证实为心脏良性 肿瘤患者26例。回顾性分析临床及术前超声心动图检查资料。结果　26例患者中,46.15%(12例)肿瘤 位于左心,38.46%(10例)位于右心,3.85%(1例)位于双心室,11.54%(3例)位于心包。26例中,脂肪瘤 6例(23.08%),淋巴管瘤5例(19.23%),纤维瘤4例(15.38%),横纹肌瘤4例(15.38%),平滑肌瘤2例 (7.69%),海绵状血管瘤2例(7.69%),嗜铬细胞瘤1例(3.85%),淋巴管囊肿1例(3.85%),心外膜囊肿 1例(3.85%)。4例横纹肌瘤均位于右心室,5例淋巴管瘤均位于左心室。横纹肌瘤与脂肪瘤、淋巴管瘤、 血管瘤及平滑肌瘤之间发病年龄差别具有显著性意义(P<0.01)。26例中,术前超声诊断心脏占位病变 性质待定22例(84.62%),诊断黏液瘤可能性大4例(15.38%)。结论　心脏良性肿瘤多位于左心,其次右 心,少数位于心包。不同类型心脏良性肿瘤可发生于不同年龄段。     

Echocardiographic evaluation of cardiac rhabdomyoma in infants and children

PURPOSE: The objective of this study was to demonstrate the clinical presentation, echocardiographic findings, and morbidity and mortality rates for cardiac rhabdomyoma in Chinese infants and children by using echocardiography. METHODS: Two-dimensional echocardiography was performed at our institution from 1992 through 1999 on 12,800 children under 15 years of age. The diagnoses of cardiac rhabdomyoma were made primarily by echocardiography based on the presence of multiple tumors, cardiac tumors associated with tuberous sclerosis (TS), or histopathologic examination of surgical specimens. All patients were evaluated with 2-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography and then on follow-up examination every 3-6 months. Complete tumor regression was defined as no tumor visible by echocardiography. Partial tumor regression was defined as a decrease in tumor size of at least 15% from the previously measured size. RESULTS: A total of 29 tumors were found in 11 patients, 8 of whom had either TS or a family history of TS in 1 or more first-degree relatives. There were 9 boys and 2 girls 1 day-6.5 years old; (mean, 1.1 years). Three patients (newborns with heart failure) died, 2 after emergency surgery and 1 of intractable heart failure. The remaining 8 patients were managed conservatively and monitored for a mean duration of 3.3 years. Follow-up studies revealed that, of the 22 tumors in these 8 patients, 7 completely regressed, 7 partially regressed, and 8 remained stable. Our results showed no relationship between the tumor location and the regression rate (p = 0.34). CONCLUSIONS: Cardiac rhabdomyoma often presents in TS patients with no major arrhythmia or hemodynamic obstruction. However, in symptomatic neonates with or without TS, cardiac rhabdomyoma is usually fatal. Meticulous prenatal screening and routine echocardiographic examinations of patients with TS can reveal subclinical or clinically occult cardiac rhabdomyomas.     

Septal bounce, vena cava plethora, and pericardial adhesion: informative two-dimensional echocardiographic signs in the diagnosis of pericardial constriction

To assess the diagnostic value of three different two-dimensional echocardiographic signs of pericardial constriction (early diastolic septal bounce, plethora of the inferior vena cava with blunted respiratory response, and pericardial adhesion), two independent observers retrospectively evaluated echocardiograms in 100 patients, 39 of whom had pericardial constriction, 15 had hemodynamically insignificant pericardial thickening, 16 had restrictive cardiomyopathy, and 30 had normal hearts. Causes of pericardial disease included cardiac surgery, malignancy, and uremia. Sensitivity and specificity of the three signs for constriction were 62% and 93% for septal bounce, 79% and 80% for vena cava plethora, and 79% and 90% for pericardial adhesion, respectively. The presence of either vena cava plethora or pericardial adhesion increased sensitivity, whereas the presence of both plethora and adhesion increased specificity. Between the two readers, septal bounce was the most consistent and pericardial adhesion the least consistent sign. False positive results included right ventricular pacing or left bundle branch block (septal bounce), postpericardiotomy (pericardial adhesion), and right heart failure (vena cava plethora). False negative results were often caused by technical problems with imaging. We conclude that these three two-dimensional echocardiographic signs are useful in differentiating pericardial constriction from hemodynamically insignificant pericardial thickening or restrictive cardiomyopathy.