各种恶性肿瘤丙型肝炎病毒感染情况的分析

２１３例各种恶性肿瘤，常规检测丙型肝炎病毒抗体。抗－ＨＣＶ阳性３６例，阳性率１６．９％，同期健康人抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２．７％，输血者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为４７．２％，不输血者抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率为２．８％，二者差异有显著意义。认为各种恶性肿抗－ＨＣＶ阳性率高主要与输血有关。     

消化系统恶性肿瘤患者血清丙型肝炎病毒抗体（抗HCV）的感染情况

作者等应用抗HCV酶联免疫分析(EIA)试验药盒对93例消化系统恶性肿瘤疾病患者作血清抗HCV测定.血清抗HCV流行率在41例健康献血员为4.87％;在6例食管癌、15例进展期胃癌、13例结直肠癌、54例原发性肝癌及其它恶性肿瘤5例的检出率分别为0％、13.3％7.69％、9.25％和0％.除HCC组外,各组患者的抗HCV流行率和HB_sAg阳性与否无关.因此,对健康献血员及各种疾病患者在作肝功能及HBV系列测定同时应作抗HCV测定,对血清抗HCV阳性者应进行积极的治疗.     

浅谈恶性肿瘤患者的输血

近年来,不少学者对癌症患者的输血情况作了研究,认为输血能影响癌症患者的免疫功能,导致一定程度的免疫抑制,有促进恶性肿瘤细胞生长的作用［‘j。然而也有一些作者认为癌症患者的预后与输血无直接的因果关系。Francis等’‘’认为影响因素是多方面的,如年龄、肿瘤大小、肿瘤分期、手术切除范围、手术失血量等,因而把癌症患者的不良后果简单的归结于输血是不恰当的。尽管这一问题目前尚有争议,但越来越多的报导认为癌症患者输血组的复发率比不输血组高［‘1。不少作者还通过输全血与输浓缩红细胞以及输血量方面作了比较。结果发现接…     

输血对恶性肿瘤患者SF的影响

目的　了解输血对恶性肿瘤患者SF的影响。方法　选择本院 676例恶性肿瘤分别输全血和浓缩红细胞进行临床观察 ,其中40 6例输异体全血 ,2 70例输异体浓缩红细胞 ,对两组输血后SF值进行比较。结果　输异体全血均使SF升高 ,输异体浓缩红细胞SF升高不明显 ,两组差异有显著性。结论　恶性肿瘤患者输异体全血较输异体浓缩红细胞者SF明显升高 ,其升高水平与输血量呈正相关。     

输血对恶性肿瘤患者SF的影响

目的 了解输血对恶性肿瘤患者SF的影响。方法 选择本院676例恶性肿瘤分别输全血和浓缩红细胞进行临床观察，其中406例输异体全血，270例输异体浓缩红细胞，对两组输血后SF值进行比较。结果 输异体全血均使SF升高，输异体浓缩红细胞SF升高不明显，两组差异有显著性。结论 恶性肿瘤患者输异体全血较输异体浓缩红细胞者SF明显升高，其升高水平与输血量呈正相关。     

梧州市主要恶性肿瘤发病情况分析

广西梧州市肿瘤防治研究所建于1978年，并同时建立了三级防癌网及全市范围的恶性肿瘤登记、报告制度。现针对梧州市1981年一1994年的恶性肿瘤登记资料，就主要部位恶性肿瘤的发病情况作一分析。一、材料与方法1．资料来源恶性肿瘤病例由三级防癌网逐级上报广西梧州市肿瘤防治研究所，同时由该所流行病学室的专职人员到各级医疗单位搜集，再进一步核实、建卡、整理，并剔除重复，补充遗漏，按国际疾病分类第九次修订本（ICD－9）进行分类。本文恶性肿瘤资料的I级诊断（病理、细胞学＼骨髓片）占47．l％，11级诊断（X钱包括＊、超声波、手术…     

脐血输注在恶性肿瘤治疗中的作用探讨

对普进行放疗，化疗的７５例晚期恶性肿瘤患者输注脐血观察其外周血象，生存质量及部分病人机体免疫指标的变化。结果表明脐血输注可明显提高恶性肿瘤病人放，化疗后白细胞和血小板水平，改善生存质量，提高机体免疫功能。     

住院儿童恶性肿瘤发病情况分析

统计分析我院1987－2000年住院14岁以下儿童恶性肿瘤患儿在性别 ，年龄方面的分布情况。在178例儿童恶性肿瘤中，前10位恶性肿瘤次为恶性淋巴瘤，视网膜母细胞瘤，横纹肌肉瘤，神经母细胞瘤，肾母细胞瘤，脑胶质瘤，髓母细胞瘤，卵巢癌，睾刃生殖细胞癌及甲状腺癌，不同的组织学类型在性别性别分布上无显性差异，年龄分布有显性差异。     

2015年天津市恶性肿瘤流行情况分析

目的 了解天津市居民2015年恶性肿瘤流行情况。方法 按地区、性别等分层,分别计算天津市恶性肿瘤发病与死亡粗率、标化率、累积率(0~74岁)及前10位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡顺位和构成等。结果 2015年天津市恶性肿瘤发病率为319.17/10万(男性314.55/10万,女性323.80/10万),中标率181.17/10万,世标率175.15/10万。城市地区恶性肿瘤发病率为383.27/10万,农村为252.50/10万。恶性肿瘤发病前5位分别是肺癌、结直肠癌、乳腺癌、甲状腺癌和肝癌。全市恶性肿瘤死亡率为185.73/10万(男性214.16/10万,女性157.14/10万),中标率92.22/10万,世标率90.78/10万。城市地区恶性肿瘤死亡率为229.02/10万,农村为140.71/10万。恶性肿瘤死亡前5位分别是肺癌、肝癌、结直肠癌、胃癌和胰腺癌。结论 天津市恶性肿瘤发病率较全国平均水平低,但女性恶性肿瘤发病率较全国平均水平高,恶性肿瘤死亡率呈现城区高于农村、男性高于女性的特点。     

人乳头瘤病毒感染与恶性肿瘤

人乳头瘤病毒（Human papilloma virus，HPV）是一类特异性地感染人皮肤、黏膜的肿瘤病毒，HPV感染后可以导致被感染细胞的过度增殖和恶性转化。研究表明宫颈癌、外阴癌、卵巢癌、乳腺癌、阴茎癌、肺癌、消化道肿瘤和皮肤癌等许多人类恶性肿瘤的发生、发展与HPV感染有密切关系。     

乙型肝炎病毒感染与胰腺癌相关性研究

目的:了解胰腺癌患者乙型肝炎病毒表面抗原(HBsAg)的发生情况,初步论证胰腺癌与乙型肝炎病毒(HBV)感染是否存在相关性,为胰腺癌早期诊断提供证据.方法:采用回顾性研究,分析本院2003年1月～2009年3月胰腺癌、肺癌和糖尿病患者HBsAg阳性率,并与全国普通人群对比.总体与样本率的比较采用Z检验;样本间率的比较采用χ~2检验.P＜0.05有统计学意义.结果:3701例患者符合纳入标准,其中胰腺癌组230例,HBsAg阳性率为16.1%;肺癌组1188例,HBsAg阳性率10.7%;糖尿病组2283例,HBsAg阳性率为11.6%.肺癌组患者与全国普通人群HBsAg阳性率差异无统计学意义(Z=1.104,P=0.163).糖尿病组患者与普通人群HBsAg阳性率差异有统计学意义(Z=2.98,P=0.002).胰腺癌患者HBsAg阳性率高于肺癌患者,OR=1.60,95% CI:1.077～2.382,χ~2=5.487,P=0.019.胰腺癌患者HBsAg阳性率高于糖尿病患者,OR=1.46,95% CI:1.004～2.123,χ~2=3.965,P=0.046.结论:胰腺癌可能有较高HBsAg阳性率,推测HBV感染与胰腺癌的发生可能存在一定的相关性.     

Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

The hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a recently described and important cause of acute and chronic liver disease. A hallmark of HCV is its propensity to become chronic, some patients with chronic HCV progressing to cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). HCV is also lymphotrophic and we report 2 patients with HCV cirrhosis who developed non-Hodgkins lymphoma (NHL). These cases raise the possibility that chronic HCV infection of lymphocytes plays an aetiological role in this malignancy. However screening of a further 63 consecutive patients over the age of 50 years with NHL for HCV antibody by second generation enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) failed to identify any patients with evidence of HCV infection. This suggests that HCV is an uncommon contributory factor for the development of non-Hodgkins lymphoma in the United Kingdom.     

原发性肝癌患者HBV感染血清学模式调查

目的 :研究HBV感染血清学模式与原发性肝癌的关系。方法 :分析 1996年 6月～ 2 0 0 0年 9月我院收治的 50 0例原发性肝癌患者的HBV感染血清学模式 ,与同期收治的 50 0例其他恶性肿瘤患者的HBV感染血清学模式进行比较。结果 :原发性肝癌患者HBV感染率为 89 6% ,显著高于其他恶性肿瘤患者。HBsAg和HBcAb同时阳性者占HBV感染肝癌的 79 9% ,占HBV感染其他恶性肿瘤的13 3% ,差异有极显著性 (P <0 0 1)。出现HBsAb者占原发性肝癌中HBV感染病例的 8 5% ,其他恶性肿瘤中HBV感染病例的 75 1% ,两者差异亦有极显著性 (P <0 0 1)。“大三阳”、“小三阳”和 (HBsAg HBcAb )者与肝癌相关的OR分别为 13 85、6 95和 14 69。结论 :HBsAg和HBcAb同时阳性的患者患肝癌的危险性最高 ;血清出现HBsAb的HBV感染者不易发展成肝癌     

Fatal Acute Hepatitis C Virus Infection in Patients with Hematological Malignancies

Abstract

Patients in hematology units are at risk of hepatitis C virus infection. In these patients acute infection is reportedly mild, presents only moderately increased ALT levels, is characterized by a significant delay in anti-HCV seroconversion and does not influence the course of the underlying disease. We describe two fatal cases of acute HCV infection occurring in patients with hematologic malignancies and we hypothesize that, in a subset of immunocompromised patients, acute HCV infection may play a still unrecognized but not marginal role in contributing to death. Prospective studies are needed to define the frequency of fatal acute HCV infection among hematologic patients undergoing chemotherapy.     

Hepatitis C Virus Infection Does Not Preclude Standard Breast Cancer–Directed Therapy

In the United States, over 3 million people are infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV), and over 200,000 women develop breast cancer annually. Yet, no published studies have investigated the tolerability of breast cancer–directed therapy among women with HCV infection. We reviewed records at Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center and identified 35 patients with chronic HCV infection who were treated for breast cancer between the years 1991 and 2005. One (2.9%) of 35 also had chronic hepatitis B virus infection. There were no complications related to HCV infection during or after surgery or radiation therapy. A total of 29 (82.9%) of the 35 patients received chemotherapy for breast cancer. Of the 29, only 4 required chemotherapy delays or adjustments in dosing because of HCV infection. In conclusion, breast cancer therapy was well tolerated among women with HCV infection. Considering the paucity of complications, routine screening for HCV infection is not warranted among women with breast cancer and no defined risk factors for HCV infection.     

Safety of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Patients with Cancer and Hepatitis C Virus Infection

BackgroundThe safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection has not been studied in many cancers, as these patients were excluded from most ICI trials. This poses a degree of uncertainty when a patient with HCV is being considered for ICIs in the absence of data to inform potential adverse events (AEs).Materials and MethodsThis was a single‐institution retrospective chart review of patients with active or resolved HCV who were treated with ICIs for cancer of any type and stage from January 2012 to December 2019, with emphasis on AE rates.ResultsWe identified 40 patients, 30 men and 10 women. Median age was 64 years. Cancer types were non‐small cell lung cancer (18; 45%), hepatocellular carcinoma (12; 30%), head and neck cancer (4; 10%), small cell lung cancer (3; 7.5%), renal cell carcinoma (1; 2.5%), colon cancer (1; 2.5%), and melanoma (12.5%). Hepatitis C was untreated in 17 patients (42.5%), treated in 14 (35%), and spontaneously resolved in 9 (22.5%). AEs observed were grade 3 pneumonitis in one patient (2.5%) on pembrolizumab; grade 3 colitis in one patient (2.5%) on nivolumab; hepatotoxicity in two patients (5%) on nivolumab: one patient with grade 1 and the other with grade 2; grade 1–2 fatigue in three patients (7.5%); and hypothyroidism in one patient (2.5%).ConclusionAdverse events rates in patients with untreated and resolved HCV treated with ICI for a variety of cancers were comparable with AEs rates reported in clinical trials for patients without HCV.Implications for PracticeThe safety of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with cancer with hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major concern because of the lack of prospective safety data for most cancers. HCV is prevalent worldwide, and the occurrence of cancer where ICI is indicated is not uncommon. This study was a retrospective review of all patients with HCV who received ICI for a variety of cancers in the authors’ institution over 8 years, and the results are presented in this article. The results may help inform clinical decisions and the design of future clinical trials.     

Increased Prevalence of HTLV-I Infection in Patients with Hepatocellular Carcinoma Associated with Hepatitis C Virus

The progression from chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has been reported. We evaluated whether co-infection with the human T-lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) might be associated with this transition in a cross-sectional analysis of 127 patients with HCV-chronic hepatitis (mean age=51.7) and 43 patients with HCV-associated HCC (mean age=62.4); the seroprevalence of anti-HTLV-I was 9.5% and 30.2%, respectively. For subjects 50 years or older, the seroprevalence of anti-HTLV-I in HCC patients was 13/41 (31.7%) which was significantly higher than that in chronic hepatitis patients (6/82, 7.3%) ( P =0.001). The relative risk (RR) of association was 12.8 ( P =0.0004) among the males, however, no association was evident among the females, RR=1.3 ( P =0.80). The increased prevalence of HTLV-I positivity among the HCC cases could not be attributed to a higher rate of prior transfusion. These data suggest that co-infection with HTLV-I may contribute to the development of HCC among patients with HCV-induced chronic liver diseases in a highly HTLV-I-endemic area.