左卡尼汀对老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响观察

目的观察左卡尼汀对老年慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法 94例患者随机分为治疗组和对照组,每组各47例。对照组给予利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、β受体阻滞剂、洋地黄类药物治疗;治疗组在对照组的基础上加用左卡尼汀治疗。结果治疗组总有效率为91.5%,对照组总有效率为70.2%,治疗组疗效明显优于对照组。治疗后对照组和治疗组LVEDD、LVESD、LVESV、LVEF比较差异均有统计学意义。结论左卡尼汀可以辅助治疗慢性心力衰竭,改善心功能。     

卡维地洛治疗老年慢性心力衰竭的临床疗效观察

目的：观察卡维地洛治疗老年慢性充血心力衰竭（CHF）的临床疗效及副作用。方法：72例老年CHF患者随机分为卡维地洛组（治疗组）和常规治疗组（对照组），各36例。对照组使用洋地黄、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂、硝酸酯类等药物治疗。治疗组在常规治疗的基础上加用卡维地洛5mg／d，只要能耐受尽可能递增到10～20mg／d，疗程20周。每周测量血压、心率，评定心功能，治疗前后检查超声心动图。结果：治疗组左室射血分数（LVEF）明显升高（P〈0．001），心功能分级、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDD）、心肌耗氧指数和收缩末期内径（LVESD）明显降低（P〈0．01），心率减慢，血压降低（P〈0．01）．与对照组比较差异有显著性（P〈0．05）。结论：卡维地洛治疗心力衰竭改善心功能，改善左室重塑，安全有效。     

左卡尼汀联合缬沙坦改善糖尿病肾病血透患者心功能的疗效观察

目的探讨左卡尼汀与缬沙坦改善糖尿病肾病血透患者心功能的疗效。方法糖尿病肾病终末期肾衰合并心衰维持性血液透析患者40例,随机分为治疗组和对照组各20例,两组均行常规治疗。在常规治疗基础上,治疗组加用缬沙坦80mg口服,1次／d;并于每次透析结束前静注左卡尼汀1．0g,疗程4个月。观察患者治疗前后心功能改善情况及左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、收缩末期内径（LVESD）、左室后壁厚度、左室射血分数（LVEF）的变化。结果治疗组心功能改善有效率明显高于对照组（95％vs70％,P〈0．01）。治疗后治疗组与对照组比较,LVESD、LVEDD、LVEF有统计学差异（P〈0．05或〈0．01）。结论左卡尼汀与缬沙坦联合应用能有效改善糖尿病肾病血透患者的心功能。     

氯沙坦对老年高血压左室肥厚及血管紧张素Ⅱ影响的临床观察

目的：观察氯沙坦对老年高血压左室肥厚及血管紧张素Ⅱ。方法：选择43例老年高血压伴左室肥厚病人,给予氯沙坦50～mg/d共12～17个月的治疗,分别测定治疗前后左室重量指数（LVMI）、左室功能及血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ的水平。结果：与治疗前相比,LVMI明显减少,而血管紧张素Ⅱ浓度有增加的趋势,但无统计学意义（P＞0．05）。结论：氯沙坦在有效降压的同时可逆转左室肥厚,改善左室功能的作用,尤以舒张功能为著。     

磷酸肌酸钠治疗扩张型心肌病心功能不全的疗效观察

目的：观察磷酸肌酸钠治疗扩张型心肌病伴心功能不全患者的疗效。方法：将103例扩张型心肌病心功能不全的患者随机为两组,对照组给予血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素II受体拮抗剂,利尿剂,β受体阻滞剂（无禁忌证）,强心剂,血管扩张剂等基础抗心衰治疗,试药组在此基础上给予磷酸肌酸钠。观察治疗前和治疗后患者的心功能分级、左室收缩功能相关参数的变化,并观察药物不良反应。结果：两组患者经治疗后临床症状均有好转,但是试药组心悸、呼吸困难、水肿等改善率,脑钠尿肽水平的下降、左室射血分数的增加显著优于对照组（P〈0.05）。结论：磷酸肌酸钠可以安全、有效地改善扩张型心肌病心功能不全患者的临床症状和心功能指标。     

卡维地洛对老年冠心病左室舒张功能不全的疗效观察

目的：探讨卡维地洛对老年冠心病左室舒张功能不全的治疗作用。方法：38例老年冠心病左室舒张功能不全患被随机分为观察组和对照组，观察组在给予强心，利尿和扩血管常规治疗基础上加用卡维地洛，对照组给予常规治疗。结果：观察组的临床症状和体征好转率88.89%，显高于对照组的60%（P＜0.05)。两组患的多普勒超声心动图检查指标舒张早期最大流速（PFVE）、房性充盈最大流速（PFAE）、E/A比值、1/2减速时间（DHT）、1/2加速时间（AHT）和等容舒张时间（IRT）治疗后均有显改善（P＜0.05-0.01)；两组比较，观察组E/A比值的改善显优于对照组（P＜0.05）。结论：在抗心衰的常规治疗基础上加用卡维地洛能显改善老年冠心病心衰患的左室舒张功能，且耐受性好。     

左旋卡尼汀对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响

目的观察左旋卡尼汀对慢性心力衰竭患者心功能的影响。方法80例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为常规治疗组(对照组,40例)和左旋卡尼汀组(治疗组,40例),对照组给予地高辛、利尿剂、血管紧张素转换酶抑制剂或血管紧张素Ⅱ受体拮抗剂及β受体阻滞剂治疗,治疗组在此基础上加用国产左旋卡尼汀5 g静脉滴注,1次/d,连续用药10~14天。观察治疗前及治疗后1个月患者的心功能。结果与治疗前相比,治疗组的左心室收缩末内径(LVESD)、左心室收缩末容量(LVESV)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)明显改善,与对照组比较,治疗组的临床疗效显效率和总有效率,左心室舒张末内径、LVESD、LVESV、LVEF差异显著。结论左旋卡尼汀可以辅助治疗慢性心力衰竭,改善心功能,特别是左心室收缩功能。     

螺内酯在老年高血压并发舒张性心力衰竭的应用研究

目的 探讨螺内酯在老年高血压并发舒张性心力衰竭中的疗效.方法 选择2009年6月-2011年10月我院心内科住院的高血压合并舒张性心力衰竭患者64例,随机分为观察组和对照组,每组各32例.对照组给予β-受体阻滞剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂、钙拮抗剂、硝酸酯类及他汀类等治疗;观察组在常规治疗基础上加用螺内酯,疗程共6个月.比较两组治疗前后6min步行试验、左房室瓣舒张早期血流最大速度E峰、舒张晚期最大速度A峰以及舒张早期和晚期充盈速度比值(E/A)变化.结果 观察组治疗后E峰、A峰、E/A以及6min步行试验均显著改善(P＜0.05),与对照组比较,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 螺内酯可改善老年高血压并发舒张性心力衰竭患者心脏舒张功能,并逆转心室重塑.     

伊贝沙坦治疗左心功能不全的疗效评价

目的：评价伊贝沙坦治疗左心功能不全的疗效及安全性。方法：61例左心功能不全患按随机单盲法被分为观察组相对照组两组。观察组31例给予伊贝沙坦治疗，对照组30例以地高辛口服，连用8周，进行对比观察，用多普勒超声心动图评定心功能变化。结果：观察组用药后左心收缩功能指标：心输出量、左室射血分数显增大(P＜0．01)，舒张功能指标(E、A、E／A、DC)亦明显改善(P＜0．01)。对照组仅收缩功能指标改善(P＜0．05)，舒张功能指标无变化(P＞0．05)。表明伊贝沙坦对左心收缩功能不全、舒张功能不全均有治疗作用，而地高辛仅改善收缩功能，对舒张功能不全无有益影响。伊贝沙坦治疗期间未见严重不良反应。结论：伊贝沙坦是治疗左心功能不全的一种有效而安全的药物。     

卡维地洛对慢性心衰神经内分泌、心功能及血管内皮功能的影响

目的：观察卡维地洛对慢性心衰患者神经内分泌、心功能及血管内皮功能的影响。方法：60例慢性心力衰竭患者随机分为常规治疗对照组（常规组，30例）和卡维地洛组（30例）。对照组给予洋地黄、利尿剂、血管紧张素转化酶抑制剂等常规治疗，卡维地洛组在给予常规治疗的基础上加用卡维地洛。治疗前及治疗6个月后放射免疫法测定血浆血管紧张素Ⅱ（AngⅡ）及内皮素-1（ET-1）水平，超声心动图检测心功能，血管超声检测肱动脉血管内皮功能的变化。结果：两组治疗后较治疗前AngⅡ及ET-1水平显著降低（P〈0．01），卡维地洛组改善更明显（P〈0．01）；两组左房内径、左室舒张末期内径（LVEDd）和左室收缩末期内径（LVESd）明显缩短，左室射血分数（LVEF）显著增高，但两组间无显著差异（P〉0．05）；卡维地洛能显著改善血管内皮功能（P〈0．01），且较常规治疗组明显（P〈0．01）。结论：卡维地洛抑制心衰患者的神经内分泌激活，逆转心室重塑，改善心功能和血管内皮功能。     

曲美他嗪对老年左室舒张功能不全患者的治疗效果

目的 探讨曲美他嗪联合常规抗心力衰竭药物治疗老年患者左室舒张功能不全的效果。方法 老年左室舒张功能不全患者97例，随机分为对照组（49例）和曲美他嗪组（48例）。观察治疗前后心率、血压、临床症状，超声检测左室射血分数（LVEF）和左室短轴缩短率（FS），左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、左心室充盈分数（LVRFF）及二尖瓣快速充盈期/心房收缩期血流速度（E/A）的变化。 结果 治疗后两组临床症状均有改善，但曲美他嗪组明显优于对照组，曲美他嗪组显效率37%,总有效率96%(P<0.01)；治疗后两组心率、血压均无明显变化；LVEF、FS、LVEDD、LVRFF和E/A均有所增加(P<0.01)，两组间比较曲美他嗪组较对照组更为显著(P<0.05)。结论 老年左室舒张功能不全患者在常规治疗基础上加用曲美他嗪治疗，能够有效改善老年患者的左心室舒张功能，且无明显不良反应。     

曲美他嗪对老年高血压患者舒张功能的影响

目的利用观察组织多普勒显像(TDI)技术评价曲美他嗪对不伴有左心室肥厚的老年高血压患者舒张功能的影响。方法选择合并舒张功能不全的老年高血压患者68例,排除左心室肥厚,随机分为2组:治疗组,除常规治疗外给予口服曲美他嗪20mg,每日3次;对照组给予常规治疗;2组疗程均为3月。2组治疗前后用TDI技术测量二尖瓣环侧壁舒张早期运动速度(e波)、舒张晚期运动速度(a波)并计算e/a比值,测量血流多普勒指标二尖瓣口舒张早期血流速度(E波)、舒张晚期血流速度(A波)及E/A比值。结果 2组3月后E波、E/A、e波、e/a较治疗前升高(P<0.05),2组间比较无明显差异。结论曲美他嗪在常规治疗基础上并不能明显改善老年高血压患者左室舒张功能。     

应用心肌功能指数评价冠心病合并糖尿病患者右心室功能的价值

目的探讨应用右心室心肌功能指数(RVM P1)评价冠心病(CHD)合并糖尿病(DM)患者的右心室功能的价值。方法选取CHD患者51例、DM患者30例、CHD合并DM患者46例作为3个试验组,同时选取门诊健康体检者40名作为对照组。行常规二维超声心动图检查,测量左心房内径(LA)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVED)、右心室舒张末期内径(RVED)、左心室射血分数(LVEF)、右心房上下径(RA1)、有心房左右径(RA2)、二尖瓣血流E/A比值(MV E/A)。应用组织多普勒测量三尖瓣环的运动速度,并计算Tei指数及RVMPI。结果 3个试验组的Tei指数及右心室心肌舒张期功能指数(RVDMPI,CHD组:0.24±0.10,DM组:0.26±0.09,CHD+DM组:0.27±0.08)均较对照组(0.16±0.07)升高(P<0.01),而右心室心肌收缩期功能指数(RVSMPI,CHD组:0.22±0.06,DM组:0.22±0.06,CHD+DM组:0.23±0.07)与对照组(0.21±0.05)比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 CHD和DM患者右心室舒张功能下降,RVMPI较Tei指数能更准确地评价右心室功能的改变。     

Heart failure in elderly patients

Several structural and functional changes contribute to heart failure in elderly patients: an age dependent increase in sympathetic nervous activity, left ventricular wall diameter, myocardial fibrosis and apoptosis, micro- and macrovascular coronary sclerosis, aortic stiffness. As a consequence, diastolic, but also systolic heart failure is a frequent finding in elderly patients. The relation of systolic to diastolic heart failure is clearly shifted towards diastolic heart failure in elderly patients, especially in women. Mortality is increased with systolic dysfunction in elderly patients compared to younger heart failure patients. Mortality is less with diastolic dysfunction, but still higher compared to elderly without heart failure. In addition, morbidity is increased both with diastolic and systolic heart failure in elderly patients. Cognitive dysfunction is a frequent finding. After exclusion of specific cardiac and extracardiac reasons for dyspnoea, drug therapy of systolic heart failure in elderly is similar to younger patients. However, the physiological decrease of renal function and the more frequent renal impairment in elderly patients with heart failure needs to be considered. Guideline recommendations for drug therapy are based in most cases on studies conducted in younger systolic heart failure patients. A recent meta-analysis of randomized beta-blocker trials suggests improved survival with beta-blockers even in the elderly subgroup. Guidelines for the treatment of diastolic heart failure are available only recently. The term heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) has been proposed instead of diastolic heart failure. Given the increased morbidity and mortality in elderly patients with heart failure and normal LVEF, therapy should include general measures, such as physical activity, weight reduction, volume restriction. Specific therapy includes optimal control of systolic and diastolic blood pressure, diuretics, nitrates, and frequency-control. However, randomized trials evaluating the efficacy of specific therapies in heart failure with normal LVEF are still missing.     

Favorable effect of trimetazidine on clinical state and left ventricular function postinfarction period.

AIM: To assess effect of trimetazidine on clinical course of postinfarction period and restoration of left ventricular myocardium. MATERIAL AND METHODS: 1.5-2.0 months after acute myocardial infarctions 123 patients receiving conventional therapy (aspirin, beta-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors, nitrates) were divided into 2 groups. Patients of group 1 (n=62) were given 60 mg/day of trimetazidine and patients of group 2 (n=61) were not. All patients were followed up for 12 months after onset of myocardial infarction. RESULTS: 12 months after myocardial infarction decreases of average heart failure and angina classes, increase of left ventricular ejection fraction, reduction of left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic volumes and left atrial dimensions occurred in group 1. Ejection fraction in this group became significantly higher while left ventricular end systolic and end diastolic volumes and left atrial dimensions significantly lower than in group 2. Index of diastolic function V(e)/V(a)ased in trimetazidine treated patients with normal and hypertrophic types of transmitral diastolic blood flow and became higher than in group 2. CONCLUSION: Trimetazidine facilitates restoration of systolic and diastolic left ventricular function after myocardial infarction.     

Endothelial dysfunction associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with coronary heart disease

OBJECTIVE: We sought to assess the correlation between endothelial vasodilation and left ventricular diastolic function. BACKGROUND: Previous studies have demonstrated that similar neurohumoral factors are involved in myocardial and vascular endothelial impairment. The degree of endothelial dysfunction is related to the clinical severity of the heart failure. However, it is not clear whether endothelial dysfunction develops with the progression of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. We hypothesize that the endothelial dysfunction is associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. METHODS: Using high-resolution ultrasound, we measured the dilator response of the brachial artery to hyperemia (endothelium-dependent vasodilation) and to 0.5 mg nitroglycerin (endothelium-independent vasodilation), and measured peak velocities of the early wave (Evmax) and the atrial wave (Avmax) in 40 coronary heart disease (CHD) patients and 20 normal subjects. We analyzed the relationship between the Evmax/Avmax ratio and endothelium-dependent vasodilation. RESULTS: The results showed that endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilation as well as the Evmax/Avmax ratio were lower in the CHD group than those in the control group (4.29%+/-1.42%, 17.58%+/-2.99%, 0.81+/-0.24 vs. 9.62%+/-2.34%, 24.18%+/-3.15%, 1.07+/-0.29, respectively, P<0.01). The Evmax/Avmax ratio was related to endothelium-dependent vasodilation (r=0.45, P<0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Our results showed that the development of endothelial dysfunction was associated with the progression of myocardial diastolic dysfunction, which suggests that the same mechanisms may be involved in the impairment of endothelium and myocardium.     

Valsartan, an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker, and left ventricular diastolic function--a case report

Impaired diastolic function is related to subjective symptoms, reduced exercise capacity, and poor prognosis in patients with congestive heart failure, and an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker might have a beneficial effect on diastolic function in such patients with heart failure. A 53-year-old woman underwent valvuloplasty of the mitral valve and later presented with heart failure symptoms, including exertional dyspnea and easy fatigue. Although no pathological changes could be identified by radiography of the chest, electrocardiography, or routine echocardiography, the assessment of diastolic function with Doppler echocardiography revealed left ventricular diastolic dysfunction. Her neurohumoral parameters and left ventricular diastolic dysfunction improved after 1 month of treatment with Valsartan, an angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker, accompanied by improvement of her subjective symptoms. This case implies that angiotensin II type-I receptor blocker could improve left ventricular diastolic dysfunction and that Doppler echocardiography might be useful for detecting diastolic dysfunction in high-risk patients undergoing cardiac surgery.     

Short term simvastatin use in patients with heart failure of ischemic origin. Changes of blood lipids, markers of inflammation and left ventricular function

AIM: To study changes of left ventricular function and some markers of inflammation during use of simvastatin in patients with ischemic systolic heart failure. METHODS: Statin naive patients (n=70) with coronary heart disease (CHD), NYHA class II-IV HF and LV ejection fraction (EF) 35% or less after 1 month of stabilization were randomized to simvastatin 40 mg/day (n=36) or no statin (n=34). Lipids, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF), and C-reactive protein (CRP) were measured and echocardiography carried out at baseline and in 4 months. In patients with sinus rhythm (n=48) left ventricular diastolic function was assessed by Doppler echo. Seven patients were not restudied and analysis included data from 32 (statin) and 31 (control) patients. RESULTS: Groups were similar except baseline CRP which was significantly higher in controls. In statin treated patients reduction of low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol (CH) was 42%, triglyceride levels also significantly decreased. High density lipoprotein CH rose by 14.4 and 12.9% in statin and control groups, respectively. Despite lower initial level decrease of CRP was significant only in statin group. No significant changes of TNF occurred in either group. Left ventricular EF rose equally in statin treated (+5.7+/-4.7%) and untreated (+4.1+/-4.6%) patients (p=ns). Significant increase of peak atrial filling velocity (A) and decrease of E/A in statin group were difficult to interpret in the presence of systolic dysfunction. CONCLUSION: Short term simvastatin use in patients with systolic heart failure due to CHD caused lowering of LDLCH and CRP however this was not associated with changes of left ventricular EF different from those in control group.     

不同剂量比索洛尔对老年高血压病并发舒张性心力衰竭左室舒张功能的影响

目的: 观察不同剂量的比索洛尔对舒张性心力衰竭患者左室舒张功能的影响。方法: 92例高血压病并发左室舒张功能不全但左室射血分数（LVEF）>50%的患者,在氨氯地平控制血压达标（<140/90 mmHg）的基础上,按照加用比索洛尔的剂量随机分为3组:对照组（不用比索洛尔组,n=31）,低剂量组（加用比索洛尔1.25 mg,1次/d,n=30）,高剂量组（加用比索洛尔5 mg,1次/d,n=31）,平均随访观察30周。采用超声多普勒心动图评估治疗前后左室结构和功能参数的变化。结果: 3组治疗后LVEF和收缩压无明显改变,舒张压和心率在低剂量组和高剂量组下降明显（P<0.05）。加用比索洛尔治疗后,患者E峰、A峰、E/A、E峰流速积分（VTIE）、A峰流速积分（VTIA）、流速时间积分比率(E-VTI/A-VTI）有不同程度改善,高剂量组较低剂量组改善更加显著（P<0.05）。左室舒张末内径（LVEDD）、室间隔厚度（IVSD）、左室后壁厚度（PWT）、左室质量指数（LVMI)在高剂量组变化显著(P<0.05),对照组无显著改善。结论: 在氨氯地平降压达标基础上,比索洛尔能够进一步改善高血压病患者左室舒张功能,较大剂量作用更加显著。