头颈鳞状细胞癌手术切缘P53表达及意义

 目的 探讨头颈鳞癌手术切缘P53蛋白的表达及其与肿瘤临床病理学参数和局部复发的关系。 方法 用免疫组织化学的方法检测82例头颈鳞癌手术切缘标本和10例正常口腔黏 膜组织中P53的表达情况,并分析其与肿瘤局部复发和临床病理参数的关系。 结果 在82例头颈鳞癌患者中,切缘突变型P53阳性表达率为59.76%(49/82)。阳性表达主要定 位于切缘上皮基底细胞核。突变型 P53蛋白在头颈鳞癌手术切缘中的表达显著高于其在正常口腔粘膜组织中的表达(P< 0.05)。头颈鳞癌患者手术切缘突变 型P53的表达与肿瘤分化程度和局部复发显著相关(P<0.05), 但与患者年龄、性别、 肿瘤病理分期、淋巴结转移及肿瘤部位无关(P>0.05)。 结论 切缘突变型P53的阳性表达与头颈鳞癌术后肿瘤的进展有关,它有望成为判定肿瘤局部复发的 预测因子。     

50例新疆维吾尔族食管鳞癌组织中survivin、p53蛋白的表达及临床意义

目的:探讨survivin、p53蛋白在维吾尔族食管鳞癌组织中的表达及其与临床病理指标的相关性,并进一步探讨其在食管鳞癌发生、发展中的作用.方法:应用免疫组织化学法(EnVision二步法),检测survivin和p53蛋白在50例食管鳞癌组织及18例食管正常切缘组织中的表达情况.结果:50例食管鳞癌中survivin和p53基因的阳性表达率为66％和38％,明显高于对照组(食管正常切缘组织)(P＜0.05).survivin、p53蛋白在中晚期食管癌中的阳性表达与食管癌的分期、分化程度相关(P＜0.05),而与食管鳞癌患者的年龄、性别、肿瘤大小、浸润深度、有无淋巴结转移无关(P＞0.05).survivin与p53蛋白在食管鳞癌中的表达无显著相关(r =0.040,P＞0.05).结论:survivin、p53蛋白在食管鳞癌组织中的表达明显高于食管正常组织.表达的高低与食管鳞癌临床分期、病理分化程度有关,有助于判断食管鳞癌的恶性程度及临床预后.     

口腔黏膜鳞癌手术切缘的分子生物学定量研究

[目的]检测口腔黏膜鳞癌原发灶不同距离外科切缘中p53、CerbB-2、EGFR的表达情况.[方法]采用荧光定量RT-PCR技术检测9例口腔黏膜鳞癌患者术后病理切片阴性、距离切缘1.0cm和1.5cm处的21个标本中p53、CerbB-2、EGFR的mRNA表达水平.[结果]21个标本中,p53、CerbB-2、EGFR的mRNA相对表达量分别为0.71±1.46、4.94±7.76、0.78±1.19,其中CerbB-2的表达量显著高于p53、EGFR的表达(F=5.783,P<0.01).距切缘距离1.Scm处的CerbB-2表达显著低于距切缘距离1.0cm处的表达(9.38±9.53 vs.0.91±1.10,P=0.02),而p53、EGFR表达与手术切缘的距离无显著相关性(P>0.05).p53、CerbB-2、EGFR表达均与肿瘤分期、患者的年龄无显著性相关(P>0.05).[结论]临床上通过联合检测口腔鳞癌手术切缘中p53、CerbB-2及EGFR的表达,有助于更好地评估手术切缘的安全性.对于手术切缘组织中CerbB-2高表达的患者,手术切缘大于1.5cm可能更合理.     

喉鳞癌原发灶及无瘤手术切缘组织p53蛋白表达及其与预后的关系

背景与目的：喉癌组织中p53蛋白阳性表达是患者预后的一个指标。本研究的目的是探讨喉鳞癌原发灶和病理学肿瘤阴性手术切缘组织中p53蛋白阴性、阳性患者的预后。方法：回顾性分析67例喉鳞癌患者的临床资料,用免疫组化方法检测病理学阴性手术切缘组织、原发灶组织中p53蛋白表达,分别比较手术切缘组织和原发灶组织中p53阴性、阳性组患者的生存率和复发率。结果：病理学阴性手术切缘组织和原发灶组织中p53蛋白阳性率分别是19.4％（13/67）和50.7％（34/67）。手术切缘组织p53蛋白阳性者的复发率高于阴性者（69.2％vs33.3%,P=0.0180）,生存率低于阴性者（24.62％vs75.69%,P=0.0012）;原发灶组织p53蛋白阳性者的复发率高于阴性者（64.7％vs15.2%,P=0.0000）,生存率低于阴性者（42.86％vs90.68%,P=0.0000）。结论：手术切缘组织病理学肿瘤阴性者的预后较阳性者好;原发灶组织p53蛋白阳性患者的预后较p53蛋白阴性者差。     

乳腺癌复发及转移灶分子生物学指标的变化

目的:探讨分析复发转移性乳腺癌患者中原发灶和复发转移灶的肿瘤组织ER、PR、Her-2、Ki67及p53免疫组化表达变化规律及特征.方法:选取我院66例复发转移性乳腺癌患者,分别分析原发灶和复发灶、原发灶和转移灶的肿瘤组织ER、PR、Her-2、Ki67及p53免疫组化表达情况.结果:在原位复发性乳腺癌复发前后表达变化差异经x2检验后提示ER:P =0.615;PR:P =0.497;Her-2:P =0.562;Ki67:P =0.001;p53:P =0.394,仅Ki67表达在原发灶和复发灶之间的变化有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在转移性乳腺癌复发前后表达变化差异经x2检验后提示ER:P=0.711;PR:P =0.538;Her-2:P =0.664;Ki67:P=0.001;p53:P=0.447,仅Ki67表达在原发灶和转移灶之间的变化有统计学意义(P＜0.05).同时得出,复发性和转移性乳腺癌组织中由阳性转阴性比率均高于由阴性转阳性.ER、PR、Her-2、p53在复发性和转移性乳腺癌复发前后表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05).结论:复发转移性乳腺癌组织Ki67的变化主要为表达呈衰减趋势(复发转移前的高表达转为复发转移后的低表达),仅Ki67表达在原发灶和转移灶之间的变化有统计学意义,表明Ki67是一项敏感指标,对预测化疗效果有重要的指导意义.ER、PR、Her-2、p53的改变无统计学意义,但是也存在部分病例发生变化,应需对该类病例讨论或修订其后续治疗方案.     

喉癌切缘组织中p53 p21及PCNA表达及其与肿瘤复发的关系

目的:研究早期喉癌手术切缘阴性组织中p53、p21及PCNA表达的相关性及其与肿瘤复发的关系。方法:选取唐山市协和医院2004年1月至2010年12月间92例早期喉癌患者为研究对象,采用免疫组织化学法联合检测肿瘤及其切缘组织中p53、p21及PCNA的表达情况。电话随访2年以上,对患者生存及肿瘤复发情况进行观察。结果:p53、p21及PCNA蛋白在喉癌组织中的表达与肿瘤的分级及分期无关。92例喉癌患者术后2年内有16例出现复发,复发率为17.39%。喉癌阴性切缘复发和未复发标本中p53、p21及PCNA蛋白表达阳性的切缘复发率分别为50.00%、34.21%和33.33%,明显高于p53、p21及PCNA蛋白表达阴性的切缘（8.33%、5.56%和9.68%）。经统计学分析,喉癌复发标本3种蛋白切缘阳性率明显高于未复发标本,均有显著性差异（P＜0.01）。此外,喉癌阴性切缘组织中p53与p21蛋白的表达有明显的相关性,PCNA的表达与p21的表达亦有明显的相关性。结论:早期喉癌手术病理阴性切缘组织中的p53、p21及PCNA是患者预后的重要生物学标志,联合检测喉癌切缘组织中p53、p21及PC? NA的表达有望作为预测喉癌复发的指标。      

喉鳞癌中p53和cyclin D1基因表达的预后意义

目的探讨抑癌基因p53和细胞周期蛋白cyclin D1在喉鳞癌中表达的预后意义.方法应用免疫组化方法SP法对56例喉鳞癌cyclin D1和p53表达进行检测.结果56例喉鳞癌中p53和cyclin D1表达阳性率分别为51.8%、42.9%.Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示p53表达和较差的预后相关(P＜0.05),cyclin D1表达阳性患者有预后较差的趋势,但差异无显著性意义(P＞0.05).结论 p53阳性表达可作为判断喉鳞癌预后的一个独立的预后指标.     

手术切缘对晚期声门型喉癌患者生存预后的影响

目的 探讨手术切缘对晚期声门型喉癌患者生存预后的影响.方法 选择接受手术治疗的140例晚期声门型喉癌患者,根据切缘情况分为阴性切缘与阳性切缘,比较二者局部复发率、区域性转移率;根据切缘范围分为≤3mm、4～5 mm、≥5 mm,比较三者局部复发情况;根据有无局部复发比较3年、5年生存率.结果 140例喉癌患者中28例患者的切缘为阳性,112例切缘阴性.阳性切缘患者中局部复发或淋巴结转移16例(57.14％),阴性切缘患者中局部复发或淋巴结转移19例(16.96％),差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).手术切缘≤3 mm的局部复发率为57.14％ (8/14),手术切缘4～5 mm的局部复发率为21.87％ (7/32),手术切缘≥5 mm的局部复发率为l0.64％(10/94),手术切缘≤3 mm的局部复发率显著高于手术切缘4～5 mm与≥≥5 mm的患者,比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).无局部复发患者3年、5年生存率分别为50.00％、36.61％,显著高于局部复发患者的17.86％、7.14％,比较差异具有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 手术切缘与晚期声门型喉癌患者的局部复发率及淋巴结转移率密切相关,切缘阳性患者复发率、转移率较高,预后较差,3年、5年生存率较低.术中可将切缘组织送快速冰冻病理检查,根据检查结果再实施手术,以降低切缘阳性率,减少复发,提高预后生存.     

头颈鳞癌p53、Bcl-2及P-gp表达在治疗中的作用

目的 检测突变型p53、Bcl-2及P-gp蛋白在头颈鳞癌中的表达,探讨其在治疗中的作用.方法 97例头颈鳞癌中口咽癌18例、下咽癌27例、声门上喉癌52例,采用S-P法检测癌组织中p53、Bcl-2及P-gp蛋白表达,并结合治疗结果进行统计分析.结果 突变型p53、Bcl-2及P-gp蛋白在头颈鳞癌中的阳性表达率分别为69.07﹪、46.39﹪、50.52﹪.突变型p53蛋白阳性与阴性累计五年生存率分别为38.43﹪和75.86﹪.P-gP蛋白阳性与阴性分别为35.23﹪和63.15﹪,两者对比有统计学意义(P＜0.05).在单纯手术和术后放疗、化疗两组中,突变型p53蛋白阳性与阴性的五年生存率分别为40.77﹪和80.00﹪、25.63﹪和61.90﹪,对比均有统计学意义(P＜0.05).术后放疗、化疗组中Bcl-2和P-gp蛋白阳性与阴性的五年生存率分别为23.35﹪和48.83﹪、31.43﹪和60.53﹪,差别有统计学意义.结论 突变型p53、Bcl-2、P-gp蛋白阳性表达是抵抗放疗或化疗的生物学指标,在预测放疗、化疗敏感性方面有一定作用.     

膀胱移行细胞癌中MDR、p53表达及细胞凋亡的意义

目的:探讨膀胱移行细胞癌(BTCC)中P-gP、p53基因及细胞凋亡表达的意义.方法:利用免疫组化S-P法和TUNEL法检测83例BTCC的P-gP、p53的表达及细胞凋亡指数(AI).结果:在83例膀胱移行细胞癌中P-gp阳性表达率为71.08%,p53阳性表达率为50.60%,AI为1.4335±0.3863;P-gp阳性表达在不同病理分级、临床分期及预后中无显著性差异(P＞0.05),p53及AI随着病理分级和临床分期而增高,均有显著性(P＜0.05),p53阳性表达复发组高于无复发组(P＜0.01),AJ复发组高于无复发组(P＜0.05).结论:检测P-gp可指导BTCC的化疗药物选择,p53高表达、细胞凋亡指数增高与BTCC的进展有关,P-gp、p53及AI高表达者预后及疗效差,p53可作为BTCC独立的预后因素.     

Bacteria and cancer--antagonisms and benefits

There is considerable historical and recent evidence concerning the antagonisms between acute bacterial infections or their toxins and cancer and allied diseases. These data provide renewed incentives to undertake clinical programmes with mixed bacterial vaccines in many countries at the present time.     

Religiosity and physical and emotional functioning among African American and White colorectal and lung cancer patients

The literature suggests that religiosity helps cope with illness. The present study examined the role of religiosity in functioning among African Americans and Whites with a cancer diagnosis. Patients were recruited from an existing study and mailed a religiosity survey. Participants (N = 269; 36% African American, 56% women) completed the mail survey, and interview data from the larger cohort was utilized in the analysis. Multivariate analyses indicated that in the overall sample religious behaviors were marginally and positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Among women, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and negatively with depressive symptoms. Religiosity was not a predictor of study outcomes for men. Among African Americans, religious behaviors were positively associated with mental health and vitality. Among Whites, religious behaviors were negatively associated with depressive symptoms. These findings suggest a mixed role of religious involvement in cancer outcomes. The current findings may have applied potential in the areas of emotional functioning and depression.     

VEGF及KDR在大肠腺瘤和腺癌中的表达及意义

目的：探讨VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌中的表达及临床病理特征的关系。方法：大肠腺瘤和大肠腺癌组织标本各100例,采用免疫组织化学染色法检测VEGF和KDR在标本中的表达情况。结果：VEGF和KDR在大肠腺癌组中的阳性表达明显高于大肠腺瘤组（P〈0.05）;在正常大肠黏膜均未见VEGF和KDR表达的阳性染色;VEGF阳性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率为70%,显著高于VEGF阴性表达组中KDR的阳性表达率16%,两组比较有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。结论：大肠腺癌组织中KDR的表达与肿瘤大小、转移情况、浸润深度密切相关;VEGF和KDR在大肠腺瘤中的表达与患者的年龄、性别及分型均无相关性,而与增生程度相关（P〈0.05）。在大肠腺癌患者中VEGF及KDR表达更高,二者具有协同效应。     

Renal irradiation and the pharmacology and toxicity of methotrexate and cisplatinum

We used a rat model to study the effects of renal irradiation on the pharmacology of methotrexate (MTX) and cisplatinum (cis-Pt). Unanesthetized rats were given bilateral kidney irradiation (20 Gy in 9 fractions). At 9 months after irradiation, 3% of the animals had died and survivors showed moderately impaired renal function. At 15 months, 30% of the animals had died and survivors showed severely impaired renal function. Some animals were given i.v. MTX 1 week to 15 months after irradiation. In irradiated rats, the area under the MTX plasma clearance curve equaled that of controls through 6 months, and was significantly above controls from 9 months on. Other animals were given i.p. cis-Pt 1 week to 9 months after irradiation. The acute toxicity of cis-Pt was the same in control and irradiated rats when cis-Pt was given immediately before or after irradiation. Beginning 3 months after irradiation there was a progressive increase in cis-Pt toxicity and a simultaneous decrease in urinary platinum excretion. Irradiated animals that survived cis-Pt treatment showed increased radiation nephritis; the greatest effect occurred when cis-Pt was given 3 months or more after irradiation. MTX and cis-Pt clearance decreased when renal dysfunction was first observed and changes in renal function preceded changes in drug clearance and toxicity.     

Fruit and vegetables and cancer risk

The possibility that fruit and vegetables may help to reduce the risk of cancer has been studied for over 30 years, but no protective effects have been firmly established. For cancers of the upper gastrointestinal tract, epidemiological studies have generally observed that people with a relatively high intake of fruit and vegetables have a moderately reduced risk, but these observations must be interpreted cautiously because of potential confounding by smoking and alcohol. For lung cancer, recent large prospective analyses with detailed adjustment for smoking have not shown a convincing association between fruit and vegetable intake and reduced risk. For other common cancers, including colorectal, breast and prostate cancer, epidemiological studies suggest little or no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and risk. It is still possible that there are benefits to be identified: there could be benefits in populations with low average intakes of fruit and vegetables, such that those eating moderate amounts have a lower cancer risk than those eating very low amounts, and there could also be effects of particular nutrients in certain fruits and vegetables, as fruit and vegetables have very varied composition. Nutritional principles indicate that healthy diets should include at least moderate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but the available data suggest that general increases in fruit and vegetable intake would not have much effect on cancer rates, at least in well-nourished populations. Current advice in relation to diet and cancer should include the recommendation to consume adequate amounts of fruit and vegetables, but should put most emphasis on the well-established adverse effects of obesity and high alcohol intakes.     

New and emerging radiosensitizers and radioprotectors

The combination of chemotherapy and radiation has led to clinical breakthroughs in several disease sites, and current work continues to define optimum combinations of proven chemotherapy as well as more recently available, noncytotoxic agents. Administration of systemic therapies allows modulation of radiation response to improve tumor control (radiosensitization) or to prevent normal tissue toxicity (radioprotection). Substantial progress has been made in identifying the targets of standard chemotherapeutic radiation sensitizers and protectors as well as in the introduction of a new generation of molecularly targeted therapies in combination with radiation. We have reviewed the most recent, predominantly early phase clinical trials combining systemic agents with radiation. Although the proof of an improved schedule ultimately needs to come from well-run Phase III trials, the search among schedules could be shortened by the use of surrogate endpoints such as presence of active drug metabolites in the tumor. This has been accomplished only in a few cases and needs to become a more standard part of radiation sensitizer and protector trials.